Apparatus and method for controlling power amplifier

• US 8,174,313 B2
• Filed: 05/17/2010
• Issued: 05/08/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 05/17/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Avago Technologies International Sales Pte Limited (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Avago Technologies Wireless IP Singapore Pte Limited (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Inventors: Vice, Michael Wendell
• Primary Examiner(s): Nguyen, Hieu
• Application Number:
  US12/781,221
• Publication Number:
  US 20110279179A1
• Time in Patent Office: 722 Days
• Field of Search: 330296-297, 330/285, 330/127, 330/279
• US Class Current: 330/127
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/0233 by using a signal derived from the output signal, e.g. bootstrapping the voltage supply
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/52 Circuit arrangements for protecting such amplifiers monitoring arrangements G01R31/28; increasing reliability in communication systems, e.g. using redundancy H04B1/74
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/393 A measuring circuit being coupled to the output of an amplifier
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/507 A switch being used for switching on or off a supply or supplying circuit in an IC-block amplifier circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/195 in integrated circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H03G 3/007 Control dependent on the supply voltage
• CPC Class Codes: H03G 3/3042 in modulators, frequency-changers, transmitters or power amplifiers transmission power control in bidirectional transmission systems H04W52/04

Abstract

An apparatus for controlling a power amplifier configured to amplify radio frequency (RF) signal includes a detector and a controller. The detector is configured to detect a power level of the RF signal with respect to a predetermined power threshold and to generate a corresponding detection signal. The controller is configured to provide a control voltage to an output transistor of the amplifier based on the detection signal. The control voltage has a low voltage value, which is substantially the same as a value of a supply voltage, when the detection signal indicates that the power level is below the power threshold, and the control voltage has a high voltage value when the detection signal indicates that the power level is above the power threshold. The controller generates the high voltage value by boosting the supply voltage.

Claims

1. An apparatus for controlling operation of a power amplifier configured to amplify a radio frequency (RF) signal, the apparatus comprising:

a detector configured to detect a power level of the RF signal with respect to a predetermined power threshold and to generate a corresponding analog detection signal indicating the power level of the RF signal; and

a controller comprising a detector encoder, configured to translate the analog detection signal into a plurality of digital detection signals, and a power switch comprising a switching transistor and a charge storage capacitor, the controller providing a control voltage to an output transistor of the amplifier based on the plurality of digital detection signals,

wherein the control voltage has a low voltage value, which is substantially the same as a value of a supply voltage, when the detection signal indicates that the power level is below the power threshold, and the control voltage having a high voltage value when the detection signal indicates that the power level is above the power threshold, the high voltage value being about twice the low voltage value,

wherein the controller generates the high voltage value by boosting the supply voltage, and

wherein;

when the detection signal indicates that the power level is below the power threshold, the switching transistor is turned on to pass the supply voltage to an output of the power switch, and the charge storage capacitor is connected between the supply voltage and ground to charge the charge storage capacitor to a capacitor voltage that is about equal to the supply voltage, so that the control voltage has the supply voltage value; and

when the detection signal indicates that the power level is above the power threshold, the switching transistor is turned off to disconnect the supply voltage from the output of the power switch, and the charge storage capacitor is connected between the supply voltage and the output of the power switch, so that the control voltage has a sum of the capacitor voltage and the supply voltage.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to increase the control voltage from the low voltage value to the high voltage value substantially immediately once the detection signal indicates that the power level has increased above the power threshold, and to decrease the control voltage from the high voltage value to the low voltage value once the detection signal indicates that the power level has decreased below a variable power threshold higher than the power threshold.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the power threshold corresponds to saturation of the output transistor.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the detector detects the power level by evaluating a magnitude of an envelope of the RF signal.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the detector evaluates the magnitude of the envelope by determining when a lowest occurring voltage extreme of the envelope becomes less than a predetermined voltage level.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller further comprises:

a switch sequencer configured to translate the plurality of digital detection signals from the detector encoder into a plurality of input signals provided to the power switch in a sequence that prevents the charge storage capacitor from being shorted by the switching transistor.

7. A control device for controlling a power amplifier configured to amplify a radio frequency (RF) signal, the device comprising:

a detector encoder configured to receive an analog detection signal from a detector and to translate the detection signal into a plurality of digital detection signals, the analog detection signal indicating a power level of the RF signal;

a switch sequencer configured to translate the plurality of digital detection signals from the detector encoder into a plurality of input signals in a predetermined sequence; and

a power switch configured to provide an output voltage to the power amplifier in response to the plurality of input signals received from the switch sequencer, the output voltage having a first value corresponding to a supply voltage from a supply voltage source when the power level of the RF signal is below a predetermined power threshold, and having a second value corresponding to the supply voltage plus a voltage boost when the power level of the RF signal is above the power threshold, wherein the second value of the output voltage enables the power amplifier to operate above saturation voltage when the power level is above the power threshold.

8. The device of claim 7, wherein the power switch comprises:

a switching transistor connected between the supply voltage source and an output of the control device, which provides the output voltage to the power amplifier, a gate of the switching transistor being connected to a first switch input of the power switch through a first driver, the first switch input receiving a first input signal of the plurality of input signals from the switch sequencer; and

a charge storage capacitor connected between the output of the control device and a capacitor node, which is connected to a second switch input of the power switch through at least one second driver, the second switch input receiving a second input signal of the plurality of input signals from the switch sequencer,

wherein the switching transistor is turned on and the capacitor node is connected to ground when the plurality of input signals indicate that the power level of the RF signal is below the power threshold, so that the output voltage is equal to the supply voltage passed through the switching transistor and the charge storage capacitor is charged to the voltage boost, and

wherein the switching transistor is turned off and the capacitor node is connected to the supply voltage source when the plurality of input signals indicate that the power level of the RF signal is above the power threshold, so that the output voltage is equal to the supply voltage plus the voltage boost from the charge storage capacitor.

9. The device of claim 8, wherein the analog detection signal corresponds to a lowest occurring voltage extreme of an envelope of the RF signal, and indicates that the power level of the RF signal is above the power threshold when the lowest occurring voltage extreme of the envelope of the RF signal becomes less than a predetermined voltage level.

10. The device of claim 9, wherein the detector encoder comprises:

a first comparator connected to an encoder input to receive the analog detection signal from the detector, the first comparator being configured to compare the analog detection signal with a first reference voltage having a predetermined fixed value, and to output a first digital detection signal to the switch sequencer;

a level shifter connected to the encoder input to receive the analog detection signal from the detector, the level shifter being configured to shift a voltage level of the analog detection signal; and

a second comparator connected to an output of the level shifter to receive the level shifted analog detection signal, the second comparator being configured to compare the level shifted analog detection signal with a second reference voltage having a value derived from the supply voltage.

11. The device of claim 10, wherein the level shifter comprises a plurality of diodes and a voltage divider connected in series between the encoder input and the second comparator.

12. The device of claim 10, wherein the predetermined fixed value of the first reference voltage is a critical voltage at which a drain supply for an output transistor of the power amplifier must be boosted to the second value, and the value of the second reference voltage is about half the supply voltage.

13. The device of claim 12, wherein, due to the level shifted analog detection signal, the second digital detection signal output by the second comparator is not triggered high until a voltage level of the drain supply rises substantially higher than the critical voltage, including a hysteresis voltage margin.

14. The device of claim 10, wherein the switch sequencer comprises:

a flip-flop circuit connected to first and second sequencer inputs to receive the first and second digital detection signals, respectively;

an inverter having an input connected to an output of the flip-flop circuit;

a first NAND gate having a first input connected to the output of the flip-flop circuit and a second input connected to an output of a second NAND gate; and

the second NAND gate having a first input connected to an output of the inverter and a second input connected to an output of the first NAND gate,

wherein the output of the first NAND gate provides the first input signal to the power switch and the output of the second NAND gate provides the second input signal to the power switch.

15. The device of claim 14, wherein the power switch further comprises:

a capacitor connected between the gate of the switching transistor and the first driver; and

a charge pump voltage circuit connected between a charge pump voltage source and the capacitor to charge the capacitor to a capacitor voltage approximately equal to the supply voltage, the capacitor voltage being added to a driver voltage of the first driver to supply an enhanced gate voltage to the switching transistor.

16. The device of claim 15, wherein the second driver comprises an inverter having a first transistor, gated to the second switch input and connected between a drain of the switching transistor and the charge storage capacitor, and a second transistor, gated to the second switch input and connected between the charge storage capacitor and ground.

17. The device of claim 16, wherein, when the switching transistor and a second transistor of the second driver are turned on and the first transistor of the second driver is turned off, the output voltage of the power switch has the first value, and when the switching transistor and the second transistor of the second driver are turned off, and the first transistor of the second driver is turned on, the output voltage of the power switch has the second value.

18. A method of selectively boosting a drain supply voltage of an output transistor in a power amplifier amplifying a radio frequency (RF) signal, the method comprising:

evaluating magnitude of an envelope of the RF signal and detecting a lowest occurring voltage extreme of the envelope;

outputting an analog detection signal indicating the detected lowest occurring voltage extreme;

translating the analog detection signal into a plurality of digital detection signals;

providing a supply voltage as the drain supply voltage by turning on a switching transistor to directly connect a supply voltage source to the output transistor, and connecting a charge storage capacitor between the supply voltage source and ground to charge the capacitor to a voltage boost value, in response to the digital detection signals, when the detected lowest occurring voltage extreme is greater than a predetermined voltage level; and

providing a boosted voltage as the drain supply voltage by turning off the switching transistor and connecting the charge storage capacitor between the supply voltage source and the output transistor, in response to the digital detection signals, when the detected lowest occurring voltage extreme becomes less than the predetermined voltage level, the boosted voltage comprising the supply voltage plus the voltage boost value previously stored in the charge storage capacitor.