Battery charging control methods, electric vehicle charging methods, battery charging apparatuses and rechargeable battery systems

• US 8,183,826 B2
• Filed: 05/15/2009
• Issued: 05/22/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 05/15/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Battelle Memorial Institute
• Original Assignee: Battelle Memorial Institute
• Inventors: Tuffner, Francis K., Kintner-Meyer, Michael C. W., Hammerstrom, Donald J., Pratt, Richard M.
• Primary Examiner(s): TSO, EDWARD H
• Application Number:
  US12/467,192
• Publication Number:
  US 20100289451A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,103 Days
• Field of Search: 320/107, 320/109, 320/132, 320/149
• US Class Current: 320/107
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/80 Time limits
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2250/12 by confirmation, e.g. of the input
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/14 Conductive energy transfer
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/305 Communication interfaces
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/63 in response to network capacity
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/12 responding to state of charge [SoC]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/34 Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering H02J7/14 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/00 Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/126 the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]

Abstract

Battery charging control methods, electric vehicle charging methods, battery charging apparatuses and rechargeable battery systems. According to one aspect, a battery charging control method includes accessing information regarding a presence of at least one of a surplus and a deficiency of electrical energy upon an electrical power distribution system at a plurality of different moments in time, and using the information, controlling an adjustment of an amount of the electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system to a rechargeable battery to charge the rechargeable battery.

Claims

1. A battery charging control method comprising:

accessing information regarding a presence of at least one of a surplus and a deficiency of electrical energy upon an electrical power distribution system at a plurality of different moments in time;

monitoring a rate of charging of a rechargeable battery;

using the information and the rate of charging of the rechargeable battery, controlling an adjustment of an amount of the electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system to the rechargeable battery to charge the rechargeable battery.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the accessing comprises monitoring an electrical characteristic of the electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the monitoring comprises monitoring the electrical characteristic of the electrical energy comprising frequency, and further comprising comparing the frequency of the electrical energy with respect to a nominal frequency of the electrical power distribution system, and wherein the controlling comprises controlling the amount of the electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system to charge the rechargeable battery as a result of the comparing.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the accessing comprises receiving the information from the electrical power distribution system.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the controlling comprises controlling an increase in the amount of the electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system to charge the rechargeable battery as a result of the information indicating that the surplus of electrical energy exists on the electrical power distribution system.

6. The method of claim 5 further comprising detecting that the surplus of the electrical energy exceeds a threshold, and wherein the controlling comprises controlling the adjustment of the amount of the electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system to the rechargeable battery to be a maximum amount as a result of the detecting the surplus of the electrical energy exceeding the threshold.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the controlling comprises controlling a decrease in the amount of the electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system to charge the rechargeable battery as a result of the information indicating that the deficiency of electrical energy exists on the electrical power distribution system.

8. The method of claim 7 further comprising detecting that the deficiency of the electrical energy exceeds a threshold, and wherein the controlling comprises controlling the adjustment of the amount of the electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system to the rechargeable battery to be a minimum amount as a result of the detecting the deficiency of the electrical energy exceeding the threshold.

9. The method of claim 1 further comprising:

accessing a desired point in time in the future for the rechargeable battery to reach a desired state of charge;

monitoring a remaining amount of time until the desired point in time; and

controlling the adjustment of the amount of the electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system to charge the rechargeable battery as a result of the monitoring of the remaining amount of time.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein the controlling comprises controlling the adjustment of the amount of the electrical energy at a plurality of different moments in time during a common charge cycle of the rechargeable battery, and wherein the controlling further comprises controlling an increase of the amount of the electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system to the rechargeable battery at a first of the moments in time of the common charge cycle and controlling a decrease in the amount of electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system to the rechargeable battery at a second of the moments in time of the common charge cycle.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein the monitoring comprises monitoring an average rate of charging of the rechargeable battery.

12. An electric vehicle charging method comprising:

coupling an electrical vehicle having a depleted state of charge with an electrical power distribution system;

charging the electrical vehicle using electrical energy from the electrical power distribution system;

monitoring an electrical characteristic of the electrical energy from the electrical power distribution system;

monitoring a remaining amount of time until a desired point in time in the future for the electric vehicle to have a desired amount of stored energy;

adjusting an amount of the electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system to charge the electrical vehicle as a result of the monitoring of the electrical characteristic and the monitoring of the remaining amount of time.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein the monitorings individually comprise monitoring passively at the location of the electrical vehicle without data communications to the electrical power distribution system.

14. The method of claim 12 wherein the monitoring the electrical characteristic comprises monitoring the electrical characteristic of the electrical energy comprising frequency, and further comprising comparing the frequency of the electrical energy with respect to a nominal frequency of the electrical power distribution system, and wherein the adjusting comprises adjusting the amount of the electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system to charge the rechargeable battery as a result of the comparing.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein the adjusting comprises increasing the amount of the electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system to charge the rechargeable battery at a first moment in time as a result of the comparing detecting that the frequency of the electrical energy is greater than a nominal frequency at the first moment in time, and decreasing the amount of the electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system to charge the rechargeable battery at a second moment in time as a result of the comparing detecting that the frequency of the electrical energy is less than the nominal frequency at the second moment in time.

16. The method of claim 12 wherein the monitoring comprises monitoring the remaining amount of time for the electric vehicle to have the desired amount of stored energy comprising a desired state of charge.

17. The method of claim 12 wherein the coupling comprises coupling the electrical vehicle with the electrical power distribution system which is an electrical grid.

18. The method of claim 12 wherein the electrical characteristic of the electrical energy which is monitored is frequency of the electrical energy.

19. A battery charging apparatus comprising:

processing circuitry configured to access information indicating at least one of a surplus and a deficiency of electrical energy upon the electrical power distribution system and to control an adjustment of an amount of electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system to a rechargeable battery to charge the rechargeable battery using the information; and

wherein the processing circuitry is configured to monitor a rate of charging of the rechargeable battery and to control the adjustment of the amount of the electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system to the rechargeable battery as a result of the monitoring of the rate of charging of the rechargeable battery.

20. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to monitor an electrical characteristic of the electrical energy received from the electrical power distribution system to access the information.

21. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to monitor the electrical characteristic of the electrical energy comprising frequency, to compare the frequency of the electrical energy with respect to a nominal frequency of the electrical power distribution system, and to control the adjustment of amount of the electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system to charge the rechargeable battery as a result of the comparison.

22. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to control an increase in the amount of the electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system to charge the rechargeable battery as a result of the information indicating that the surplus of electrical energy exists on the electrical power distribution system at a first moment in time and to control a decrease in the amount of the electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system to charge the rechargeable battery as a result of the information indicating that the deficiency of electrical energy exists on the electrical power distribution system at a second moment in time.

23. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to control the adjustment of the amount of the electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system to the rechargeable battery to be a maximum amount as a result of the surplus of the electrical energy exceeding a first threshold and to control the adjustment of the amount of the electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system to the rechargeable battery to be a minimum amount as a result of the deficiency of the electrical energy exceeding a second threshold.

24. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to access a desired point in time in the future for the rechargeable battery to have a desired state of charge, to monitor a remaining amount of time until the desired point in time, and to control the adjustment of the amount of the electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system to charge the rechargeable battery as a result of the monitoring of the remaining amount of time.

25. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to control the adjustment of the amount of the electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system to the rechargeable battery at a plurality of different moments in time during a common charge cycle of the rechargeable battery, and wherein the processing circuitry is configured to control an increase of the amount of the electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system to the rechargeable battery at a first of the moments in time of the common charge cycle and to control a decrease in the amount of electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system to the rechargeable battery at a second of the moments in time of the common charge cycle.

26. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to access the information indicating at least one of a surplus and a deficiency of electrical energy upon the electrical power distribution system which is an electrical grid.

27. A rechargeable battery system comprising:

a charger coupled with an electrical power distribution system and configured to provide electrical energy from the electrical power distribution system to a rechargeable battery to charge the rechargeable battery; and

processing circuitry configured to monitor for a presence of at least one of a surplus and a deficit of electrical energy upon the electrical power distribution system and to control the charger to adjust an amount of the electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system to the rechargeable battery as a result of the monitoring detecting the presence of the at least one of the surplus and the deficit of the electrical energy upon the electrical power distribution system; and

wherein the processing circuitry is configured to monitor a remaining amount of time until a desired point in time in the future for the rechargeable battery to have a desired amount of stored energy, and to control the charger to adjust the amount of the electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system to the rechargeable battery as a result of the monitoring of the remaining amount of time.

28. The system of claim 27 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to monitor for the presence of the at least one of the surplus and the deficit passively at the location of the rechargeable battery system without data communications to the electrical power distribution system.

29. The system of claim 28 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to monitor an electrical characteristic of the electrical energy to monitor for the presence of the at least one of the surplus and the deficit of electrical energy.

30. The system of claim 27 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to monitor an electrical characteristic of the electrical energy comprising frequency to monitor for the presence of the at least one of the surplus and the deficit of electrical energy, to compare the frequency of the electrical energy with respect to a nominal frequency of the electrical power distribution system, and to control the charger to adjust the amount of the electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system to charge the rechargeable battery as a result of the comparison.

31. The system of claim 30 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to control the charger to provide an increase in the amount of the electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system to charge the rechargeable battery at a first moment in time as a result of the comparison detecting that the frequency is greater than a nominal frequency of the electrical power distribution system at the first moment in time, and to control the charger to provide a decrease in the amount of the electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system to charge the rechargeable battery at a second moment in time as a result of the comparison detecting that the frequency is less than the nominal frequency at the second moment in time.

32. The system of claim 27 further comprising the rechargeable battery.

33. An energy storage apparatus comprising:

circuitry configured to receive electrical energy from an electrical grid which is external of the energy storage apparatus and to use the received electrical energy to provide energy to an energy storage device which is configured to store the energy; and

wherein the circuitry is further configured to access information regarding a state of balance of consumption and generation of electrical energy upon the electrical grid and to control an adjustment of an amount of the energy which is provided to the energy storage device for storage using the information regarding the state of balance of the consumption and generation of electrical energy upon the electrical grid; and

wherein the circuitry is configured to monitor a remaining amount of time until a desired point in time in the future for the energy storage device to have a desired amount of stored energy, and to control the adjustment of the amount of the energy which is provided to the energy storage device for storage as a result of the monitoring of the remaining amount of time.

34. The apparatus of claim 33 further comprising the energy storage device which is configured to store energy.

35. The apparatus of claim 34 wherein the energy storage device is a rechargeable battery and the circuitry comprises charging circuitry which is configured to provide the energy comprising charging electrical energy to the rechargeable battery to charge the rechargeable battery.

36. The apparatus of claim 33 wherein the circuitry is configured to adjust the amount of the energy which is provided to the energy storage device to reduce a difference between the consumption and generation of the electrical energy upon the electrical grid.

37. The apparatus of claim 33 wherein the circuitry is configured to monitor an electrical characteristic of the electrical energy upon the electrical grid to access the information regarding the state of balance of consumption and generation of electrical energy upon the electrical grid.

38. The apparatus of claim 37 wherein the circuitry is configured to monitor the electrical characteristic of the electrical energy comprising frequency, to compare the frequency of the electrical energy with respect to a nominal frequency of the electrical grid, and to control the adjustment of the amount of energy which is provided to the energy storage device as a result of the comparison.

39. The apparatus of claim 33 wherein the circuitry is configured access the information from the electrical grid.

40. The apparatus of claim 33 wherein the circuitry is configured to control an increase in the amount of the energy which is provided to the energy storage device as a result of the information indicating that the generation of electrical energy exceeds the consumption of electrical energy upon the electrical grid.

41. The apparatus of claim 33 wherein the circuitry is configured to control an increase in the amount of the electrical energy which is provided to the energy storage device to a maximum amount as a result of the information indicating that a surplus of the electrical energy upon the electrical grid exceeds a threshold.

42. The apparatus of claim 33 wherein the circuitry is configured to decrease the amount of the energy which is provided to the energy storage device as a result of the information indicating that the consumption of electrical energy exceeds the generation of electrical energy upon the electrical grid.

43. The apparatus of claim 33 wherein the circuitry is configured to monitor frequency of the electrical energy upon the electrical grid to access the information regarding the state of balance of consumption and generation of the electrical energy upon the electrical grid.

44. An energy storage method comprising:

using electrical energy received from an electrical grid, providing energy to an energy storage device which is configured to store the energy to charge the energy storage device;

accessing information regarding a state of balance of consumption and generation of electrical energy upon the electrical grid;

monitoring a rate of charging of the energy storage device; and

controlling an adjustment of an amount of the energy provided to the energy storage device using the information regarding the state of balance of the consumption and generation of electrical energy upon the electrical grid and the rate of charging of the energy storage device.

45. The method of claim 44 wherein the energy storage device is a rechargeable battery and the providing comprises charging the rechargeable battery using the electrical energy received from the electrical grid.

46. The method of claim 44 wherein the controlling comprises controlling the adjustment to reduce a difference between the consumption and generation of the electrical energy upon the electrical grid.

47. The method of claim 44 wherein the accessing comprises monitoring an electrical characteristic of the electrical energy upon the electrical grid which is indicative of the state of balance of the consumption and generation of the electrical energy upon the electrical grid.

48. The method of claim 47 wherein the monitoring the electrical characteristic comprises monitoring the electrical characteristic of the electrical energy comprising frequency, and further comprising comparing the frequency of the electrical energy with respect to a nominal frequency of the electrical grid, and wherein the controlling comprises controlling using the comparing.

49. The method of claim 44 wherein the accessing comprises accessing the information from the electrical grid.

50. The method of claim 44 wherein the controlling comprises increasing the amount of the energy which is provided to the energy storage device as a result of the information indicating that the generation of electrical energy exceeds the consumption of electrical energy upon the electrical grid.

51. The method of claim 44 wherein the controlling comprises increasing the amount of the energy which is provided to the energy storage device to a maximum amount as a result of the information indicating that a surplus of the electrical energy upon the electrical grid exceeds a threshold.

52. The method of claim 44 wherein the controlling comprises decreasing the amount of the energy which is provided to the energy storage device as a result of the information indicating that the consumption of electrical energy exceeds generation of electrical energy upon the electrical grid.