Trifluid reactor
First Claim
1. A reactor system for reacting at least a first fluid comprising a first reactant and a second fluid comprising a second reactant, and mixing a diluent fluid comprising a diluent with one or more portions of first fluid, second fluid, and products of their reaction to form a reaction product fluid, the reactor system comprising:
- a reactor having a duct with inner and outer walls having a local streamwise flow direction along a streamwise curvilinear flow path and a first and second transverse directions mutually distinct from the streamwise direction, the first and second transverse directions defining a transverse surface through a reactor location, transverse to the flow;
a reactant distribution portion comprising at least one reactant tubular portion having an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surface defining a first reactant flow path for the first fluid, and having a plurality of reactant orifices extending from the inner surface to the outer surface, the plurality of reactant orifices having one of spatial number density distribution being the locally averaged distribution of the number of orifices per duct unit area transverse to the flow, and a size distribution, the distributions being with respect to at least one of the transverse directions; and
a diluent distribution portion comprising at least one diluent tubular portion having an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surface defining a first diluent flow path for the diluent, and a plurality of diluent orifices extending from the inner surface to the outer surface of the diluent tubular portion, the plurality of diluent orifices having one of a spatial number density distribution and a size distribution, the distributions being with respect to at least one of the transverse directions; and
a reactant delivery system for supplying the first fluid to the reactant distribution portion;
a second fluid delivery system for supplying at least a portion of the second fluid to the duct, whereby the duct directs the second fluid along a second flow path;
a diluent delivery system for supplying at least a portion of diluent to the diluent distribution portion;
a controller for controlling the delivery of at least one of the first fluid, the second fluid and the diluent fluid to the reactor; and
wherein, with respect to one of the transverse directions, one of the density and size distribution of the reactant orifices, and one of the density and size distribution of the diluent orifices, are non-uniform and are configured to deliver, at prescribed fluid temperatures and pressures, the first fluid with a prescribed transverse first fluid distribution, and the diluent fluid with a prescribed transverse diluent fluid distribution.
3 Assignments
0 Petitions
Accused Products
Abstract
A thermally diluted exothermic reactor system is comprised of numerous orifices distributed within a combustor by distributed perforated contactor tubes or ducts. The perforated contactors deliver and mix diluent fluid and one or more reactant fluids with an oxidant fluid. Numerous micro-jets about the perforated tubes deliver, mix and control the composition of reactant fluid, oxidant fluid and diluent fluid. The reactor controls one or more of composition profiles, composition ratio profiles and temperature profiles in one or more of the axial direction and one or two transverse directions, reduces temperature gradients and improves power, efficiency and emissions.
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Citations
71 Claims
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1. A reactor system for reacting at least a first fluid comprising a first reactant and a second fluid comprising a second reactant, and mixing a diluent fluid comprising a diluent with one or more portions of first fluid, second fluid, and products of their reaction to form a reaction product fluid, the reactor system comprising:
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a reactor having a duct with inner and outer walls having a local streamwise flow direction along a streamwise curvilinear flow path and a first and second transverse directions mutually distinct from the streamwise direction, the first and second transverse directions defining a transverse surface through a reactor location, transverse to the flow; a reactant distribution portion comprising at least one reactant tubular portion having an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surface defining a first reactant flow path for the first fluid, and having a plurality of reactant orifices extending from the inner surface to the outer surface, the plurality of reactant orifices having one of spatial number density distribution being the locally averaged distribution of the number of orifices per duct unit area transverse to the flow, and a size distribution, the distributions being with respect to at least one of the transverse directions; and a diluent distribution portion comprising at least one diluent tubular portion having an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surface defining a first diluent flow path for the diluent, and a plurality of diluent orifices extending from the inner surface to the outer surface of the diluent tubular portion, the plurality of diluent orifices having one of a spatial number density distribution and a size distribution, the distributions being with respect to at least one of the transverse directions; and a reactant delivery system for supplying the first fluid to the reactant distribution portion; a second fluid delivery system for supplying at least a portion of the second fluid to the duct, whereby the duct directs the second fluid along a second flow path; a diluent delivery system for supplying at least a portion of diluent to the diluent distribution portion; a controller for controlling the delivery of at least one of the first fluid, the second fluid and the diluent fluid to the reactor; and wherein, with respect to one of the transverse directions, one of the density and size distribution of the reactant orifices, and one of the density and size distribution of the diluent orifices, are non-uniform and are configured to deliver, at prescribed fluid temperatures and pressures, the first fluid with a prescribed transverse first fluid distribution, and the diluent fluid with a prescribed transverse diluent fluid distribution. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40)
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41. A reactor system, for reacting a first fluid comprising a reactant and a second fluid comprising a co-reactant, and mixing a diluent fluid comprising a diluent with one or more portions of first fluid, second fluid, and products of their reaction to form a reaction product fluid, the reactor system comprising:
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a reactor having a duct with inner and outer walls and with an upstream diffuser having a multiplicity of flow splitter vanes, and having a streamwise flow direction along a streamwise curvilinear fluid flow path with radial and circumferential directions mutually distinct from the streamwise flow direction that define a plane through a reactor location transverse to the flow, and a cross-sectional area of the duct; whereby forming a plurality of diffuser passages; a reactant distribution portion comprising at least one reactant tubular portion having an outer surface, an inner surface defining a first flow path for the first fluid, and a plurality of reactant orifices extending from the inner surface to the outer surface, the plurality of reactant orifices having one of an areal number density distribution being the locally averaged distribution of the number of orifices per unit duct cross-sectional area, and having a size distribution, taken in the radial direction; a diluent distribution portion comprising at least one diluent tubular portion having an outer surface, an inner surface defining a first diluent flow path for the diluent, and a plurality of diluent orifices extending from the inner surface to the outer surface, the plurality of diluent orifices having one of a density and a size distribution, taken in the radial direction; a reactant delivery system configured to supply a portion of the first fluid to the reactant distribution portion; a co-reactant fluid delivery system configured to supply a portion of the second fluid to the duct through the diffuser, whereby the duct defines a second flow path for the second fluid; a diluent delivery system configured to supply a portion of diluent to the diluent distribution portion; a controller configured to control the delivery of the first fluid, the second fluid and the diluent fluid to the reactor; and wherein, with respect to the radial direction, one of the density and size distribution of the reactant orifices, and one of the density and size distribution of the diluent orifices, are non-uniform and are configured to deliver, at prescribed fluid temperatures and pressures, the first fluid with a prescribed radial first fluid distribution, and the diluent fluid with a prescribed radial diluent fluid distribution. - View Dependent Claims (42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54)
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55. A reactor system for reacting at least a first fluid comprising a first reactant and a second fluid comprising a second reactant, and mixing a diluent fluid comprising a diluent with one or more portions of first fluid, second fluid, and products of their reaction to form a reaction product fluid, the reactor system comprising:
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a reactor having a duct with inner and outer walls with an upstream diffuser having a streamwise flow direction along a streamwise curvilinear flow path with first and second transverse directions mutually distinct from the streamwise flow direction that define a plane through a reactor location transverse to the flow and a cross-sectional area of the duct; a reactant distribution portion comprising a plurality of reactant tubular portions having an outer surface, an inner surface defining a first flow path for the first fluid, and a plurality of reactant orifices extending from the inner surface to the outer surface, the plurality of reactant orifices having one of an areal number density distribution being the locally averaged distribution of the number of orifices per duct unit area, and having a size distribution, taken in the radial direction; a diluent distribution portion comprising a plurality of diluent tubular portions having an outer surface, an inner surface defining a first diluent flow path for the diluent, and a plurality of diluent orifices extending from the inner surface to the outer surface, the plurality of diluent orifices having one of a density and a size distribution, taken in the radial direction; and a reactant delivery system having a reactant pressurizer and configured to supply a plurality of portions of the first fluid to the plurality of reactant distribution portions; and a co-reactant fluid delivery system having a co-reactant pressurizer and configured to supply a portion of the second fluid to the duct through the diffuser, whereby the duct directs the second fluid along a second flow path; a diluent delivery system having a diluent pressurizer and configured to supply a plurality of portions of diluent fluid to the plurality of diluent distribution portions; a controller configured to control the delivery of the first fluid, the second fluid and the diluent fluid to the reactor; and wherein, with respect to the radial direction, one of the density and size distribution of the reactant orifices, and one of the density and size distribution of the diluent orifices, are non-uniform and are configured to deliver, at prescribed fluid temperatures and pressures, the first fluid with a prescribed radial first fluid distribution, and the diluent fluid with a prescribed radial diluent fluid distribution; and wherein the controller is configured selectively control one of the delivery of first fluid among the plurality of reactant distribution portions, and the delivery of diluent fluid among the plurality of diluent distribution portions. - View Dependent Claims (56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71)
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Specification