Fluid handling cassette having a spectroscopic sample cell

• US 8,197,770 B2
• Filed: 01/26/2009
• Issued: 06/12/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 02/14/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: OptiScan Biomedical Corporation
• Original Assignee: OptiScan Biomedical Corporation
• Inventors: Gable, Jennifer H., Braig, James R., Li, Kenneth I., Wechsler, Mark, Zheng, Peng, Keenan, Richard
• Primary Examiner(s): Ramdhanie, Bobby
• Application Number:
  US12/359,874
• Publication Number:
  US 20090326343A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,233 Days
• Field of Search: 422/99, 422/500
• US Class Current: 422/500
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 10/0064 for taking sweat or sebum samples measuring sweat production A61B5/4266
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2560/0443 Modular apparatus
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0071 by measuring fluorescence emission
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0075 by spectroscopy, i.e. measuring spectra, e.g. Raman spectroscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy A61B5/0071 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0084 for introduction into the body, e.g. by catheters A61B5/1459 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0086 using infrared radiation
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1411 by percutaneous method, e.g. by lancet
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1427 Multiple blood sampling, e.g. at periodic or pre-established intervals
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1451 for interstitial fluid
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14517 for sweat
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14532 for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14535 for measuring haematocrit
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14546 for measuring analytes not otherwise provided for, e.g. ions, cytochromes
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1455 using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/15003 for venous or arterial blood
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/150213 Venting means
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/150221 Valves
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/150229 Pumps for assisting the blood sampling
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/150267 Modular design or construction, i.e. subunits are assembled separately before being joined together or the device comprises interchangeable or detachable modules
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/150358 Strips for collecting blood, e.g. absorbent optical reagent test strips G01N21/8483; chemical reagent test strips G01N33/4875, G01N33/52
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/150755 : Blood sample preparation for further analysis, e.g. by separating blood components or by mixing
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/150862 : intermediate range, e.g. within room or building
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/150992 : Blood sampling from a fluid line external to a patient, such as a catheter line, combined with an infusion line; blood sampling from indwelling needle sets, e.g. sealable ports, luer couplings, valves tubing connectors and couplings A61M39/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/153 : Devices specially adapted for taking samples of venous or arterial blood, e.g. with syringes
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/155 : Devices specially adapted for continuous or multiple sampling, e.g. at predetermined intervals devices loaded with multiple lancets simultaneously A61B5/15146
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/157 : Devices characterised by integrated means for measuring characteristics of blood
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4839 : combined with drug delivery
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/12 : with interchangeable cassettes forming partially or totally the fluid circuit
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3306 : Optical measuring means
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/20 : Blood composition characteristics
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/201 : Glucose concentration
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/14212 : Pumping with an aspiration and an expulsion action
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/14232 : Roller pumps
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/16854 : by monitoring line pressure
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/1723 : using feedback of body parameters, e.g. blood-sugar, pressure measurement of body parameters A61B5/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/365 : Air detectors A61M5/1684 takes precedence; in extracorporeal blood circuits A61M1/3626
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/38 : using hydrophilic or hydrophobic filters
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/3595 : using FTIR
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/03 : Cuvette constructions
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/3577 : for analysing liquids, e.g. polluted water
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2201/02 : Mechanical
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2201/061 : Sources
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/4478 : Line condition change responsive
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/7722 : Line condition change responsive valves
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/86485 : Line condition change responsive release of valve
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/111666 : Utilizing a centrifuge or compartmented rotor
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/2575 : Volumetric liquid transfer

Abstract

A fluid handling module is configured for removable engagement with a reusable main fluid handling instrument. The module includes a module housing and a first fluid passageway extending from the module housing. The first fluid passageway has a patient end remote from the housing. The first fluid passageway is configured to provide fluid communication with a bodily fluid in a patient. A fluid component separator is in fluid communication with the first fluid passageway. The fluid component separator is configured to separate at least one component from a portion of the bodily fluid drawn from the patient. A spectroscopic sample cell is configured to hold at least a portion of the first component.

Claims

1. A system for analyzing non-flowing blood plasma, the system comprising:

an analysis system configured to determine the concentration of an analyte in plasma;

a fluid controller configured to;

withdraw blood from a patient;

divide a sample portion from said withdrawn blood; and

direct the sample portion toward a fluid handling element;

the fluid handling element comprising a fluid interface and a sample element comprising a sample cell having a sample measurement location coinciding with an analysis region of the analysis system, the sample cell comprising a sample chamber for containing a first sample, an input fluid passageway for communicating the first sample into the sample chamber, and an output fluid passageway for communicating the first sample out of the sample chamber, the output fluid passageway adapted to permit a subsequent sample to be admitted into the sample chamber, the fluid handling element configured to prepare the sample portion for analysis by;

removing non-plasma from plasma in the sample portion;

positioning at least a portion of the remaining plasma at the sample measurement location;

aligning the sample measurement location with the analysis region of the analysis system; and

holding at least the plasma in a non-flowing state while the plasma at the sample measurement location is analyzed by the analysis system;

wherein said fluid controller is further configured to transfer the sample portion through the fluid interface into the sample element and, after analysis, allow the flow of a flush fluid into the sample element through the fluid interface to prepare the fluid handling element to analyze a subsequent sample portion.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the fluid controller comprises a pump.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the sample element comprises a disposable container.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the fluid interface comprises a fluid injection probe.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the fluid interface comprises a fluid removal probe.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the fluid handling element comprises a fluid component separator.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein the fluid component separator comprises a centrifuge.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the analysis region optically engages the sample measurement location.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein the analysis region physically engages the sample measurement location.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein the sample measurement location comprises a window configured allow the passage of electromagnetic radiation.

11. The system of claim 1, wherein the analysis region of the analysis system comprises a source of electromagnetic radiation.

12. The system of claim 1, wherein the analysis region of the analysis system comprises a photo-detector configured to detect electromagnetic radiation.

13. An apparatus for automatically preparing and analyzing a fluid analyte, the apparatus comprising:

a fluid handling element comprising;

a fluid interface having an input fluid passageway and an output fluid passageway; and

a sample cell with a sample chamber, the input fluid passageway leading to the sample chamber and the output fluid passageway leading from the sample chamber;

a fluid controller configured to withdraw blood from a patient and direct a sample portion thereof toward the fluid handling element; and

an analyzer integrated with the fluid handling element and configured to determine the concentration of a body fluid analyte, the analyzer having an analysis region configured to coincide with the sample cell;

the fluid controller and fluid handling element configured to prepare the sample portion for analysis by;

positioning at least one component of the sample portion in the sample chamber;

aligning the sample chamber with the analysis region of the analyzer; and

holding the at least one component of the sample portion in a non-flowing state within the sample chamber to facilitate analysis of the at least one component of the sample portion while it is at the sample measurement location;

the fluid controller and fluid handling element further configured to prepare the sample chamber for analysis of a subsequent sample portion by allowing the flow of a flush fluid through the fluid interface and through the sample chamber.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the sample portion is directed away from the patient after analysis.

15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein, after analysis, the flush fluid flowing through the fluid interface and the waste chamber conveys the sample portion toward a waste chamber.

16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the fluid handling element comprises a fluid component separator to separate the at least one component of the sample portion.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the fluid component separator comprises a rotating portion of a centrifuge.

18. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the analysis region optically engages the sample measurement location.

19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the sample measurement location comprises a window configured allow the passage of electromagnetic radiation.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the analysis region of the analyzer comprises a source of electromagnetic radiation.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the analysis region of the analyzer further comprises a photo-detector configured to detect electromagnetic radiation.

22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the fluid handling element comprises a disposable fluid cartridge, and the fluid cartridge is removably engageable with the fluid controller and configured to be positioned such that the sample cell is located between the source of electromagnetic radiation and the photo-detector.