Model-based battery fuel gauges and methods
DCFirst Claim
1. A method of monitoring the state of charge of a battery, including when delivering current to a load on the battery, comprising:
- modeling at least one time constant of the battery over a range of state of charge of the battery to establish a battery model;
monitoring the battery terminal voltage;
without using a measured value of current, estimating an open circuit voltage of the battery using the battery model and the battery terminal voltage, including when delivering current to a load on the battery; and
,without using a measured value of current, estimating the state of charge of the battery based on the estimated open circuit voltage of the battery and the battery model.
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Abstract
Model-based battery fuel gauges that connect across a rechargeable battery and track the per-cent state of charge of the battery. The model based fuel gauges provide a measure of the open terminal voltage of a battery, even when the battery is powering a load, to provide the state of charge information. Analog and digital implementations of the battery model fuel gauges may be used, and incorporated into a battery powered device in various ways, including constantly powered implementations and implementations that are turned on and off with the battery powered device. Various exemplary embodiments are disclosed.
25 Citations
68 Claims
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1. A method of monitoring the state of charge of a battery, including when delivering current to a load on the battery, comprising:
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modeling at least one time constant of the battery over a range of state of charge of the battery to establish a battery model; monitoring the battery terminal voltage; without using a measured value of current, estimating an open circuit voltage of the battery using the battery model and the battery terminal voltage, including when delivering current to a load on the battery; and
,without using a measured value of current, estimating the state of charge of the battery based on the estimated open circuit voltage of the battery and the battery model. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26)
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27. A method of monitoring the state of charge of a rechargeable battery, including when delivering current to a load on the battery, comprising:
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modeling the battery as a resistor-capacitor (RC) circuit having at least one time constant, the modeling being over a range of state of charge of the battery to establish a battery model, the value of the resistor modeling the change in battery terminal voltage with short term delivery of current to the load on the battery, and the value of the capacitor modeling the inverse of the rate of change of open circuit voltage of the battery per amp-hour of current withdrawn from the battery; monitoring the battery terminal voltage; without using a measured value of current, estimating the open circuit voltage of the battery using the battery model and a battery terminal voltage, including when delivering current to a load on the battery; and
,without using a measured value of current, estimating the state of charge of the battery based on the estimated open circuit voltage of the battery and the battery model. - View Dependent Claims (28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39)
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40. A method of estimating the state of charge of a battery, including when delivering current to a load on the battery, comprising:
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modeling the battery as a resistor and capacitor (RC) network having at least one time constant, the modeling being over a range of state of charge of the battery to establish a battery model; monitoring the battery terminal voltage; without using a measured value of current, estimating an open circuit voltage of the battery using the battery model and the battery terminal voltage, including when delivering current to of a load on the battery; and
,without using a measured value of current, estimating the state of charge of the battery based on the estimated open circuit voltage of the battery and the battery model. - View Dependent Claims (41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55)
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56. A method of monitoring the state of charge of a rechargeable battery, including when delivering current to a load on the battery, comprising:
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modeling the battery as a resistor-capacitor (RC) circuit, the value of the resistor modeling the change in battery terminal voltage with short term load on the battery, and the value of the capacitor modeling the inverse of the rate of change of the open circuit voltage of the battery per amp-hour of current withdrawn from the battery; monitoring the battery terminal voltage; without using a measured value of current, estimating an open circuit voltage of the battery using the battery model and a battery terminal voltage, including when delivering current to a load on the battery; and
,without using a measured value of current, estimating the state of charge of the battery based on the estimated open circuit voltage of the battery and the battery model, including when delivering current to a load on the battery. - View Dependent Claims (57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68)
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Specification