Method for analyzing petroleum-based fuels and engine oils for biodiesel contamination

• US 8,202,730 B2
• Filed: 06/08/2011
• Issued: 06/19/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 11/11/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC (General Motors Company)
• Original Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC (General Motors Company)
• Inventors: Cummings, Jill M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Warden, Jill
• Assistant Examiner(s): Gerido, Dwan A
• Application Number:
  US13/155,860
• Publication Number:
  US 20110232365A1
• Time in Patent Office: 377 Days
• Field of Search: 436/60, 436/161, 73/530.5, 73/233.7, 73/233.5
• US Class Current: 436/60
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2030/8854 involving hydrocarbons
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2030/8872 impurities
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 30/88 Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/2835 specific substances contained in the oil or fuel

Abstract

A method for detecting contamination of a conventional petroleum-based fuel used in an internal combustion engine is provided. A sample of engine oil is separated into a polar component and a non-polar component by a polar solvent. The polar component is analyzed for one or more biodiesel chemical components selected from the group consisting of plant sterols, fatty acid methyl esters, cetane, and combinations thereof, which relate to a degree of engine oil contamination. The polar and non-polar component may be analyzed by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) and optionally Flame Ionization Detection (FID) for the one or more biodiesel chemical components, which can provide a semi-quantitative level of such biodiesel chemical components. Fuel samples can also be analyzed for biodiesel contamination species via GC/MS.

Claims

1. A method for detecting an alternative fuel contaminant in a petroleum-based fuel comprising:

detecting one or more biodiesel chemical components selected from the group consisting of plant sterols, fatty acid methyl esters, cetane, and combinations thereof related to the presence of a biodiesel chemical component in a fuel sample taken from the petroleum-based fuel sample by analyzing said fuel sample via Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS).

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said analyzing further comprises Flame Ionization Detection (FID) of the fuel sample.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein said one or more biodiesel chemical components are selected from the group consisting of:

stigmasterol, campesterol, methyl heptadecanoate, arachidic acid methyl ester, behenic acid methyl ester, gadoleic acid methyl ester, lignoceric acid methyl ester, erucic acid methyl ester, soybean plant phytosterol, rapeseed plant phytosterol and combinations thereof.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said analyzing comprises injecting said sample into Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), wherein a Gas Chromatography column of said GC/MS comprises 5%-phenyl-95% dimethylpolysiloxane.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein said analyzing includes heating said sample during said GC process to a first predetermined temperature of about 100°

C. for about 1 minute.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein said analyzing further comprises heating said sample during said GC process to a second predetermined temperature after said first predetermined temperature wherein said second predetermined temperature is about 200°

C. for about 1 minute.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein said analyzing further comprises heating said sample during said GC to a third predetermined temperature after said second predetermined temperature wherein said third predetermined temperature is about 310°

C. for about 40 minutes.

8. A method for detecting an alternative fuel contaminant in gasoline fuel or diesel fuel comprising:

detecting one or more biodiesel chemical components selected from the group consisting of plant sterols, fatty acid methyl esters, cetane, and combinations thereof related to the presence of a biodiesel chemical component in a fuel sample taken from either the gasoline fuel or the diesel fuel by analyzing said fuel sample via Gas Chromatography (GC) and Mass Spectrometry (MS), wherein said analyzing includes heating said sample during said GC process to a first predetermined temperature for about 1 minute.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein said fuel sample comprises a gasoline fuel and said GC process has an initial temperature of greater than or equal to 35°

C. to volatilize any ethanol in said fuel sample.

10. The method according to claim 8, wherein said analyzing further comprises Flame Ionization Detection (FID) of the fuel sample.

11. The method according to claim 8, wherein said one or more biodiesel chemical components are selected from the group consisting of:

stigmasterol, campesterol, methyl heptadecanoate, arachidic acid methyl ester, behenic acid methyl ester, gadoleic acid methyl ester, lignoceric acid methyl ester, erucic acid methyl ester, soybean plant phytosterol, rapeseed plant phytosterol and combinations thereof.

12. The method according to claim 8, wherein said first predetermined temperature is about 100°

C.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein said analyzing further comprises heating said fuel sample during said GC process to a second predetermined temperature after said first predetermined temperature wherein said second predetermined temperature is about 200°

C. for about 1 minute.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein said analyzing further comprises heating said fuel sample during said GC to a third predetermined temperature after said second predetermined temperature wherein said third predetermined temperature is about 310°

C. for about 40 minutes.

15. A method for detecting an alternative fuel contaminant in a gasoline fuel comprising:

detecting one or more biodiesel chemical components or diesel fuel chemical components in a fuel sample taken from the gasoline fuel by analyzing said fuel sample via Gas Chromatography (GC) and Mass Spectrometry (MS), wherein the one or more biodiesel chemical components are selected from the group consisting of;

stigmasterol, campesterol, methyl heptadecanoate, arachidic acid methyl ester, behenic acid methyl ester, gadoleic acid methyl ester, lignoceric acid methyl ester, erucic acid methyl ester, soybean plant phytosterol, rapeseed plant phytosterol and combinations thereof or the diesel chemical component comprises cetane.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein said GC process has an initial temperature of greater than or equal to 35°

C. to volatilize any ethanol in said fuel sample.

17. The method according to claim 15, wherein said analyzing further comprises Flame Ionization Detection (FID) of the fuel sample.

18. The method according to claim 15, wherein said analyzing includes heating said fuel sample during said GC process to a first predetermined temperature of about 100°

C. for about 1 minute, then heating said fuel sample to a second predetermined temperature of about 200°

C. for about 1 minute after said first predetermined temperature.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein said analyzing further comprises heating said fuel sample during said GC to a third predetermined temperature for about 40 minutes after said second predetermined temperature wherein said third predetermined temperature is about 310°

C.