Preparation of uniform nanoparticles of ultra-high purity metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, metals, and metal alloys
First Claim
1. A method of forming nanoparticles comprising:
- providing at least one metal salt;
providing at least one base, wherein the at least one base comprises an ammonium salt;
mixing the at least one metal salt and the at least one base to form a precursor material, wherein the metal salt and base ions are not completely solvated; and
heating the precursor material to a pre-determined temperature, at a pre-determined rate, in a pre-determined atmosphere, and for a pre-determined length of time, wherein the nanoparticles have an average particle size, wherein the average particle size is between about 1 nm and about 100 nm, a size distribution, wherein the size distribution is within about 1% to about 15% of the average particle size, and a substantially pre-determined stoichiometry.
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Abstract
In preferred embodiments, metal nanoparticles, mixed-metal (alloy) nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles and mixed-metal oxide nanoparticles are provided. According to embodiments, the nanoparticles may possess narrow size distributions and high purities. In certain preferred embodiments, methods of preparing metal nanoparticles, mixed-metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles and mixed-metal nanoparticles are provided. These methods may provide tight control of particle size, size distribution, and oxidation state. Other preferred embodiments relate to a precursor material that may be used to form nanoparticles. In addition, products prepared from such nanoparticles are disclosed.
99 Citations
27 Claims
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1. A method of forming nanoparticles comprising:
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providing at least one metal salt; providing at least one base, wherein the at least one base comprises an ammonium salt; mixing the at least one metal salt and the at least one base to form a precursor material, wherein the metal salt and base ions are not completely solvated; and heating the precursor material to a pre-determined temperature, at a pre-determined rate, in a pre-determined atmosphere, and for a pre-determined length of time, wherein the nanoparticles have an average particle size, wherein the average particle size is between about 1 nm and about 100 nm, a size distribution, wherein the size distribution is within about 1% to about 15% of the average particle size, and a substantially pre-determined stoichiometry. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)
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13. A method of forming nanoparticles comprising:
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providing at least one metal salt; providing at least one base comprising an ammonium salt; mixing the at least one metal salt and the at least one base to form a precursor material, wherein the metal salt and base ions are not completely solvated; and heating the precursor material, wherein the nanoparticles have an average particle size, wherein the average particles size is between about 1 nm and about 100 nm, and a size distribution, wherein the size distribution is within about 1% to about 30% of the average particle size, and wherein the heating releases gaseous by-products. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27)
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Specification