Stacked NMOS DC-to-DC power conversion

• US 8,212,536 B2
• Filed: 12/23/2009
• Issued: 07/03/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 12/23/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: R2 Semiconductor, Inc.
• Original Assignee: R2 Semiconductor, Inc.
• Inventors: Burns, Lawrence M., Fisher, David
• Primary Examiner(s): Riley, Shawn
• Application Number:
  US12/646,213
• Publication Number:
  US 20110148368A1
• Time in Patent Office: 923 Days
• Field of Search: 323/224, 323/284, 323/288
• US Class Current: 323/224
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/088 for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/158 including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/102 in field-effect transistor switches
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/122 in field-effect transistor switches
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 2217/0081 Power supply means, e.g. to the switch driver

Abstract

Embodiments for at least one method and apparatus of generating a regulated voltage are disclosed. One method includes generating the regulated voltage though controlled closing and opening of a series switch element and shunt switch element, the series switch element being connected between a first voltage supply and a common node, and the shunt switch being connected between the common node and a second supply voltage. The series switch element includes an NMOS series switching transistor stacked with an NMOS series protection transistor, and closing the series switch element during a first period includes applying a switching gate voltage to a gate of the NMOS series switch transistor of the series switch element, wherein the switching gate voltage has a voltage potential of at least a threshold voltage greater than a voltage potential of the common node. The shunt switch element includes an NMOS shunt switching transistor stacked with an NMOS shunt protection transistor, and the shunt switch element is closed during a second period.

Claims

1. A method of generating a regulated voltage, comprising:

generating the regulated voltage through controlled closing and opening of a series switch element and shunt switch element, the series switch element being connected between a first voltage supply and a common node, and the shunt switch being connected between the common node and a second supply voltage, comprising;

closing the series switch element during a first period, the series switch element comprising an NMOS series switching transistor stacked with an NMOS series protection transistor, the closing of the series switch element comprising;

applying a switching gate voltage to a gate of the NMOS series switch transistor of the series switch element, wherein the switching gate voltage has a voltage potential of at least a threshold voltage greater than a voltage potential of the common node;

closing the shunt switch element during a second period, the shunt switch element comprising an NMOS shunt switching transistor stacked with an NMOS shunt protection transistor;

wherein

closing the series switch element during the first period further comprises applying a second switching gate voltage to the NMOS series protection transistor, and

further comprising charging a floating capacitor during the second period, wherein the floating capacitor is coupled between the common node and a gate of the NMOS series protection transistor, and aids in control of the second switching gate voltage.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the closing the series switch element during the first period further comprises applying a second switching gate voltage to the NMOS series protection transistor, wherein the second switching gate voltage has a voltage potential of less than the first supply voltage plus a maximum DC (direct current) voltage rating of the NMOS series switching transistor, and greater than the voltage potential of the first voltage supply plus the threshold voltage.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating the second switching gate voltage with a linear regulator that is connected to the first voltage supply, and a reference voltage.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein charging the floating capacitor during the second period comprises:

turning on a switch that provides a conductive path between a voltage source and the floating capacitor.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein charging the floating capacitor during the second period comprises:

turning on a switch that provides a conductive path between a linear regulator and the floating capacitor.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the switch is turned on when the shunt switch element is closed.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein charging the floating capacitor during the second period comprises:

turning on at least a pair of bootstrapping transistors that provide a conductive path between a linear regulator and the floating capacitor.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein gate voltages of the bootstrapping transistors are turned on when the shunt switch element is closed.

9. The method of claim 5, wherein the floating capacitor provides a voltage that is higher than the first supply voltage to the switching gate voltage When transitioning to the first period upon closing the series switch element.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein closing the shunt switch element during the second period comprises:

applying a switching gate voltage to a gate of the NMOS shunt switch transistor of the shunt switch element, wherein the switching gate voltage has a voltage potential of at least a threshold voltage greater than a voltage potential of the second supply voltage.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein closing the shunt switch element of the second period further comprises:

applying a second switching gate voltage to a gate of the NMOS shunt protection transistor of shunt switch element, wherein the second switching gate voltage has a voltage potential of less than the second supply voltage plus a maximum DC (direct current) voltage rating of the NMOS series switching transistor, and greater than the voltage potential of the first voltage supply minus the maximum DC (direct current) voltage rating of the NMOS series switching transistor.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein a difference between the voltage potential of the first voltage supply and the second voltage supply is limited to a sum of maximum DC (direct current) voltage rating of the NMOS series switching transistor and the NMOS series protection transistor.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the threshold voltage is a voltage potential great enough to cause the NMOS series switching transistor to conduct current.

14. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating the switching gate voltage by level-shifting a control voltage.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein level shifting the control voltage comprises referencing the switching gate voltage to the voltage potential of the common node.

16. The method of claim 1, further comprising voltage-spike-protecting the regulated voltage with voltage spike protection circuitry, wherein the voltage spike protection circuitry comprises a dissipative resistance and a charge-storage circuit.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein the series switch element and the shunt switch element form switching blocks, and each switching block comprises a plurality of switching block segments, and further comprising voltage-spike-protecting the regulated voltage with voltage spike protection circuitry, wherein and at least a portion of the voltage spike protection circuitry is located between the plurality of switching block segments.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein the series switch element and the shunt switch element form switching blocks, and each switching block comprises a plurality of switching block segments, and further comprising voltage-spike-protecting the regulated voltage with voltage spike protection circuitry, wherein each charge-storage circuit segment of the spike protection circuit is physically closer to the switching block segment it protects than any other switching block segment.

19. A voltage regulator comprising:

a series switch element connected between a first voltage supply and a common node, the series switch element comprising an NMOS series switching transistor stacked with an NMOS series protection transistor;

a shunt switch element connected between the common node and a second voltage supply, the shunt switch element comprising an NMOS shunt switching transistor stacked with an NMOS shunt protection transistor; and

means for closing the series switch element by applying a switching gate voltage to a gate of the NMOS series switch transistor of the series switch element, wherein the switching gate voltage has a voltage potential of at least a threshold voltage greater than a voltage potential of the common node; and

means for closing the shunt switch element;

means for applying a second switching gate voltage to the NMOS series protection transistor; and

a floating capacitor, wherein the charging capacitor is coupled between the common node and a gate of the NMOS series protection transistor, wherein the floating capacitor is charged when the shunt switch element is closed, and aids in control of the switching gate voltage.

20. The voltage regulator of claim 19, wherein

the applying a second switching gate voltage to the NMOS series protection transistor, includes the second switching gate voltage having a voltage potential of less than the first supply voltage plus a maximum DC (direct current) voltage rating of the NMOS series switching transistor, and greater than the voltage potential of the first voltage supply plus the threshold voltage.

21. The voltage regulator of claim 20, further comprising a low-dropout linear regulator that is connected to the first voltage supply, and a reference voltage, and aids in generating the second switching gate voltage.

22. The voltage regulator of claim 19, further comprising a switch that provides a conductive path between a voltage source and the floating capacitor when the shunt switch element is closed, thereby charging the floating capacitor.

23. The voltage regulator of claim 19, further comprising a switch that provides a conductive path between a linear regulator and the floating capacitor when the shunt switch element is closed, thereby charging the floating capacitor.

24. The voltage regulator of claim 19, wherein the floating capacitor provides a voltage that is higher than the first supply voltage to the switching gate voltage when transitioning to the first period upon closing the series switch element.

25. The voltage regulator of claim 19, further comprising a level shifter for generating the switching gate voltage by level-shifting a control voltage, wherein level shifting the control voltage comprises referencing the switching gate voltage to the voltage potential of the common node.

26. The voltage regulator of claim 19, further comprising a charge-storage circuit between the first voltage supply and the second voltage supply, wherein the charge-storage circuit comprises capacitive elements that are disposed on a same integrated circuit as the series switch element and the shunt switch element, adjacent to each of the series switch element and the shunt switch element, the capacitive elements being located on opposing sides of each of the series switch element and the shunt switch element.