Space-filling miniature antennas
First Claim
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1. An apparatus comprising:
- a single antenna having a surface that radiates and receives electromagnetic waves, an entirety of an edge enclosing the surface shaped as a substantially non-periodic curve;
said curve comprises a multiplicity of connected segments in which the segments are spatially arranged such that no two adjacent and connected segments form another longer straight segment;
each segment is shorter than one tenth of at least one operating free-space wavelength of the single antenna;
said curve is shaped so that the arrangement of the segments of the curve are not self-similar with respect to the entire curve;
each pair of adjacent segments forms a bend such that said curve has a physical length larger than that of any straight line that can be fitted in the same area in which the segments of the curve are arranged, and so that the resulting antenna curve can be fitted inside the radian sphere of at least one operating frequency of the single antenna;
the single antenna simultaneously receives electromagnetic waves of at least a first and a second operating wavelength, each of the first and second operating wavelengths being respectively within first and second non-overlapping frequency bands; and
the first and second non-overlapping frequency bands corresponding respectively to first and second cellular telephone systems.
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Abstract
A novel geometry, the geometry of Space-Filling Curves (SFC) is defined in the present invention and it is used to shape a part of an antenna. By means of this novel technique, the size of the antenna can be reduced with respect to prior art, or alternatively, given a fixed size the antenna can operate at a lower frequency with respect to a conventional antenna of the same size.
197 Citations
127 Claims
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1. An apparatus comprising:
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a single antenna having a surface that radiates and receives electromagnetic waves, an entirety of an edge enclosing the surface shaped as a substantially non-periodic curve; said curve comprises a multiplicity of connected segments in which the segments are spatially arranged such that no two adjacent and connected segments form another longer straight segment; each segment is shorter than one tenth of at least one operating free-space wavelength of the single antenna; said curve is shaped so that the arrangement of the segments of the curve are not self-similar with respect to the entire curve; each pair of adjacent segments forms a bend such that said curve has a physical length larger than that of any straight line that can be fitted in the same area in which the segments of the curve are arranged, and so that the resulting antenna curve can be fitted inside the radian sphere of at least one operating frequency of the single antenna; the single antenna simultaneously receives electromagnetic waves of at least a first and a second operating wavelength, each of the first and second operating wavelengths being respectively within first and second non-overlapping frequency bands; and the first and second non-overlapping frequency bands corresponding respectively to first and second cellular telephone systems. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32)
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33. An antenna, comprising:
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A single radiating element a perimeter of which is defined by a multi-segment, irregular curve, each of said segments being spatially arranged such that no two adjacent and connected segments form another longer straight segment and none of said segments intersects with another segment other than at the beginning and at the end of said multi- segment, irregular curve to form a closed loop; the multi-segment, irregular curve has a box counting dimension larger than one with the box-counting dimension computed as the slope of a substantially straight portion of a line in a log-log graph over at least one octave of scales on a horizontal axis of the log-log graph; the single antenna radiates at multiple different operating wavelengths; at least one of the operating wavelengths corresponds to an operating wavelength of a cellular telephone system; and said multi-segment, irregular curve is shaped so that the arrangement of said segments of said multi-segment, irregular curve including bends is not self-similar with respect to the entire multi-segment, irregular curve. - View Dependent Claims (34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63)
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64. An apparatus, comprising:
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a single antenna having a surface that radiates and receives electromagnetic waves, an entirety of an edge enclosing the surface shaped as a substantially non-periodic curve; said curve comprises a set of multiple bends, with the distance between each pair of adjacent bends within said set being shorter than a tenth of a longest operating wavelength of the single antenna; said curve is shaped so that the arrangement of said of multiple bends is not self-similar with respect to the entire curve, and said curve has a physical length larger than that of any straight line that can be fitted in the same area in which said curve can be arranged; and the single antenna simultaneously receives electromagnetic waves of at least a first and a second operating wavelength and also radiates at multiple different operating wavelength, the first operating wavelength corresponds to an operating wavelength within a first frequency band of a first cellular telephone system and the second operating wavelength corresponds to an operating wavelength within a second frequency band of a second cellular telephone system, the first and second frequency bands being non-overlapping. - View Dependent Claims (65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96)
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97. An apparatus, comprising:
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a small single antenna in which a perimeter of the antenna is shaped as a substantially irregular, non-periodic curve, with said curve comprising a set of multiple bends and a distance between each pair of adjacent bends within said set being shorter than a tenth of the longest operating wavelength of the antenna; said curve is shaped so that distances between a pair of consecutive bends are different for at least two pair of bends and the arrangement of said bends is not self-similar with respect to the entire curve, to provide the curve with a physical length larger than that of any straight line that can be fitted in the same area in which said curve can be arranged; and the single antenna simultaneously receives electromagnetic waves of at least a first and a second operating wavelength and also radiates electromagnetic waves at multiple different operating wavelengths, the first operating wavelength corresponds to an operating wavelength within a first frequency band of a first cellular telephone system and the second operating wavelength corresponds to an operating wavelength within a second frequency band of a second cellular telephone system, the first and second frequency bands being non-overlapping. - View Dependent Claims (98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127)
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Specification