Frequency selective passive component networks for active implantable medical devices utilizing an energy dissipating surface

• US 8,219,208 B2
• Filed: 03/31/2010
• Issued: 07/10/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 04/13/2001
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Greatbatch Limited (Greatbatch Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Greatbatch Limited (Greatbatch Incorporated)
• Inventors: Stevenson, Robert A., Dabney, Warren S., Frysz, Christine A., Truex, Buehl E., Halperin, Henry R., Lardo, Albert C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Layno, Carl H.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Morales, Jon-Eric C.
• Application Number:
  US12/751,711
• Publication Number:
  US 20100217262A1
• Time in Patent Office: 832 Days
• Field of Search: 607/9, 607/2, 607/63, 607/48, 607/60, 607/45
• US Class Current: 607/63
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 18/1492 having a flexible, catheter-like structure, e.g. for heart ablation A61B18/1477 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/00839 Bioelectrical parameters, e.g. ECG, EEG
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/374 NMR or MRI
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/182 Electrical shielding, e.g. using a Faraday cage
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/222 Electrical cables or leads therefor, e.g. coaxial cables or ribbon cables
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/227 Sensors with electrical connectors
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/055 involving electronic [EMR] or nuclear [NMR] magnetic resonance, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/283 Invasive
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/086 Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] compatible leads
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3718 Monitoring of or protection against external electromagnetic fields or currents
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 33/287 involving active visualization of interventional instruments, e.g. using active tracking RF coils or coils for intentionally creating magnetic field inhomogeneities

Abstract

Decoupling circuits are provided which transfer energy induced from an MRI pulsed RF field to the housing for an active implantable medical device (AIMD) which serves as an energy dissipating surface. This is accomplished through broadband filtering or by resonant filtering. In a passive component network for an AIMD, a frequency selective energy diversion circuit is provided for diverting high-frequency energy away from an AIMD lead to the AIMD housing for dissipation of said high-frequency energy.

Claims

1. A passive component network for an active implantable medical device, comprising:

a) an active implantable medical device (AIMD) comprising an electrically or thermally conductive housing, wherein the AIMD is configured to be connectable to a lead, the connectable lead comprising a length extending between and to a proximal end adjacent to the AIMD housing and a tissue-stimulating or biological-sensing electrode at a distal tip end; and

b) a frequency selective energy diversion circuit housed inside the AIMD housing for diverting high-frequency energy away from the lead connectable to the AIMD housing for dissipation of the high-frequency energy;

c) wherein the high frequency energy comprises an MRI frequency.

2. The passive component network of claim 1, wherein the MRI frequency comprises a range of MRI frequencies.

3. The passive component network of claim 1, wherein the MRI frequency in megahertz is selected from the group of frequencies comprising 42.56 times the static magnetic field strength in Teslas of an MRI scanner.

4. The passive component network of claim 1, wherein the frequency selective energy diversion circuit comprises a low pass filter.

5. The passive component network of claim 4, wherein the low pass filter is selected from the group consisting of a capacitor, an inductor, a Pi filter, a T filter, an LL filter, and an “

n”

element filter.

6. The passive component network of claim 5, wherein the capacitor comprises parasitic capacitance.

7. The passive component network of claim 1, wherein the frequency selective energy diversion circuit comprises at least one series resonant LC trap filter.

8. The passive component network of claim 7, wherein the frequency selective energy diversion circuit comprises a plurality of LC trap filters resonant, respectively, at different MRI frequencies.

9. The passive component network of claim 1, including an impeding circuit associated with the diversion circuit, the impeding circuit providing for raising the high-frequency impedance of a lead or a leadwire, the impeding circuit being disposed between said diversion circuit and AIMD electronic circuits.

10. The passive component network of claim 9 wherein the impeding circuit comprises at least one inductor.

11. The passive component network of claim 10 wherein the at least one inductor comprises an inductor chip.

12. The passive component network of claim 10 wherein the at least one inductor comprises an inductor wire wound onto a ferromagnetic or non-ferromagnetic mandrel.

13. The passive component network of claim 10, wherein the at least one inductor comprises a pair of inductor elements, the diversion circuit being coupled between the pair of inductor elements and the AIMD housing.

14. The passive component network of claim 13 wherein the diversion circuit comprises at least one capacitor.

15. The passive component network of claim 9, wherein the impeding circuit comprises a bandstop filter.

16. The passive component network of claim 9, wherein the conductive housing protects the diversion and impeding circuits from direct contact with patient body fluids.

17. The passive component network of claim 16, wherein the active implantable medical device (AIMD) comprises a deep brain stimulator.

18. The passive component network of claim 1, wherein the AIMD is configured to be connectable to at least a pair of leads, each lead having a length extending between and to a proximal end that is electrically connectable to the AIMD housing and a tissue-stimulating or biological-sensing electrode at a distal tip end.

19. The passive component network of claim 18, wherein the electrode comprises an ablation tip electrode.

20. The passive component network of claim 1, wherein the active implantable medical device (AIMD) comprises a probe or a catheter.

21. The passive component network of claim 20, wherein the AIMD housing comprises at least a portion of a handle for the probe or the catheter.

22. A passive component network for an active implantable medical device, comprising:

a) an active implantable medical device (AIMD) comprising an electrically or thermally conductive housing, wherein the AIMD is configured to be connectable to a lead, the connectable lead comprising a length extending between and to a proximal end adjacent to the AIMD housing and a tissue-stimulating or biological-sensing electrode at a distal tip end;

b) a frequency selective energy diversion circuit housed inside the AIMD housing for diverting high-frequency energy away from the connectable lead to the AIMD housing for dissipation of the high-frequency energy; and

c) an impeding circuit associated with the diversion circuit, the impeding circuit providing for raising the high-frequency impedance of the connectable lead or a leadwire, the impeding circuit being disposed between the diversion circuit and AIMD electronic circuits;

d) wherein the impeding circuit comprises at least one inductor; and

e) wherein the at least one inductor comprises an inductor wire wound onto a ferromagnetic or non-ferromagnetic mandrel.

23. A passive component network for an active implantable medical device, comprising:

a) an active implantable medical device (AIMD) comprising an electrically or thermally conductive housing, wherein the AIMD is configured to be connectable to a lead, the connectable lead comprising a length extending between and to a proximal end adjacent to the AIMD housing and a tissue-stimulating or biological-sensing electrode at a distal tip end; and

b) a frequency selective energy diversion circuit for diverting high-frequency energy away from the connectable lead to the AIMD housing for dissipation of the high-frequency energy;

c) wherein the diversion circuit is disposed within the AIMD housing; and

d) wherein the active implantable medical device (AIMD) comprises a deep brain stimulator.

24. A passive component network for an active implantable medical. device, comprising:

a) an active implantable medical device (AIMD) comprising an electrically or thermally conductive housing, wherein the AIMD is configured to be connectable to a lead, the connectable lead comprising a length extending between and to a proximal end adjacent to the AIMD housing and a tissue-stimulating or biological-sensing electrode at a distal tip end; and

b) a frequency selective energy diversion circuit housed inside the AIMD for diverting high-frequency energy away from the connectable lead to the AIMD housing for dissipation of said high-frequency energy;

c) wherein the frequency selective energy diversion circuit is selected from the group consisting of a capacitor, an inductor, a Pi filter, a T filter, an LL filter, and an “

n”

element filter.

25. A decoupling circuit for an active implantable medical device, comprising:

a) an active implantable medical device (AIMD) comprising an electrically or thermally conductive housing;

b) a header block attached to the conductive housing;

c) an implantable lead receptacle disposed within the header block;

d) an AIMD electronic circuit disposed within the conductive housing and electrically coupled to the implantable lead receptacle by a conductor; and

e) a frequency selective energy diversion circuit electrically coupled to the conductor for diverting high-frequency MRI energy away from the implantable lead receptacle or conductor to the AIMD housing for dissipation of the high-frequency MRI energy.

26. The decoupling circuit of claim 25, wherein the frequency selective energy diversion circuit is disposed within the conductive housing protecting the diversion circuit from direct contact with patient body fluid.

27. The decoupling circuit of claim 26, wherein the diversion circuit comprises at least one capacitor.

28. The decoupling circuit of claim 27, including an impeding circuit associated with the diversion circuit, the impeding circuit providing for raising the high-frequency impedance of the implantable lead receptacle or conductor, the impeding circuit electrically connected in series along the conductor disposed between the diversion circuit and the AIMD electronic circuit.

29. The decoupling circuit of claim 28, wherein the impeding circuit comprises at least one inductor.

30. The decoupling circuit of claim 26, wherein the diversion circuit comprises a LC trap filter.

31. The decoupling circuit of claim 28, wherein the impeding circuit comprises handstop filter.

32. A decoupling circuit for an active implantable medical device, comprising:

a) an active implantable medical device (AIMD) comprising an electrically or thermally conductive housing;

b) a header block attached to the conductive housing;

c) an implantable lead receptacle disposed within the header block;

d) an AIMD electronic circuit disposed within the conductive housing and electrically coupled to the implantable lead receptacle by a conductor;

e) a frequency selective energy diversion circuit electrically coupled to the conductor for diverting high-frequency MRI energy away from the implantable lead receptacle or conductor to the AMID housing for dissipation of the high-frequency MRI energy; and

f) an impeding circuit electrically connected in series along the conductor and disposed between the diversion circuit and the AIMD electronic circuit for raising the high-frequency impedance of the implantable lead receptacle or the conductor.

33. The decoupling circuit of claim 32, wherein the frequency selective energy diversion circuit and impeding circuit are disposed within the conductive housing protecting the circuits from direct contact with patient body fluid.

34. The decoupling circuit of claim 33, wherein the diversion circuit comprises at least one capacitor.

35. The decoupling circuit of claim 33, wherein the impeding circuit comprises at least one inductor.

36. The decoupling circuit of claim 33, wherein the diversion circuit comprises a LC trap filter.

37. The decoupling circuit of claim 33, wherein the impeding circuit comprises a bandstop filter.

38. A decoupling circuit for an active implantable medical device, comprising:

a) an active implantable medical device (AMID) comprising an electrically or thermally conductive housing and an implantable lead receptacle; and

b) a frequency selective energy diversion circuit for diverting high-frequency MRI energy away from the implantable lead receptacle to the AIMD housing for dissipation of the high-frequency MRI energy.

39. The decoupling circuit of claim 38, wherein the frequency selective energy diversion circuit is disposed within the conductive housing protecting the diversion circuit from direct contact with patient body fluid.

40. The decoupling circuit of claim 39, wherein the diversion circuit comprises at least one capacitor.

41. The decoupling circuit of claim 39, wherein the diversion circuit comprises a LC trap filter.

42. The decoupling circuit of claim 39, including an impeding circuit associated with the diversion circuit, the impeding circuit providing for raising the high-frequency impedance of the implantable lead receptacle or conductor, the impeding circuit electrically connected in series along the conductor disposed between the diversion circuit and an AMID electronic circuit disposed within the AIMD housing.

43. The decoupling circuit of claim 42, wherein the impeding circuit comprises at least one inductor.

44. The decoupling circuit of claim 42, wherein the impeding circuit comprises a bandstop filter.

45. A decoupling circuit for an active implantable medical device, comprising:

a) an active implantable medical device (AIMD) comprising an electrically or thermally conductive housing and an implantable lead receptacle;

b) an AIMD electronic circuit disposed within the conductive housing;

c) a conductor electrically coupling the implantable lead receptacle to the AIMD electronic circuit, the conductor defined as comprising a first node and a second node disposed in series along the conductor, the first node disposed closer to the implantable lead receptacle and the second node disposed closer to the AIMD electronic circuit;

d) a first frequency selective energy diversion circuit for diverting high-frequency MRI energy away from the implantable lead receptacle to the conductive housing for dissipation of high-frequency MRI energy, the first diversion circuit electrically connected between the first node and the conductive housing;

e) an impeding circuit for raising the high-frequency impedance of the implantable lead receptacle or conductor, the impeding circuit electrically connected in series along the conductor disposed between the first and second nodes; and

f) a second frequency selective energy diversion circuit electrically connected between the second node and the conductive housing.

46. The decoupling circuit of claim 45, wherein the first diversion circuit comprises a capacitor.

47. The decoupling circuit of claim 46, wherein the impeding circuit comprises a bandstop filter.

48. The decoupling circuit of claim 47, wherein the second diversion circuit comprises a LC trap filter.

49. The decoupling circuit of claim 48, wherein the first diversion circuit, the impeder circuit and the second diversion circuit are disposed within the conductive housing protecting the circuits from direct contact with patient body fluid.

50. An energy dissipating surface housing for an active implantable medical device, comprising:

a) an active implantable medical device (AMID) comprising an electrically or thermally conductive housing, wherein the conductive housing comprises an energy dissipating surface;

b) a header block attached to the conductive housing;

c) an implantable lead receptacle disposed within the header block;

d) an AIMD electronic circuit disposed within the conductive housing and electrically coupled to the implantable lead receptacle by a conductor; and

e) a frequency selective energy diversion circuit electrically coupled between the conductor and the conductive housing for diverting high-frequency MRI energy away from the implantable lead receptacle or conductor to the AIMD housing for dissipation of the high-frequency MRI energy.

51. The housing of claim 50, including an impeding circuit electrically coupled to the conductor for raising the high-frequency impedance of the implantable lead receptacle or conductor, the impeding circuit electrically connected in series along the conductor disposed between the diversion circuit and the AIMD electronic circuit.

52. The housing of claim 51, wherein the frequency selective energy diversion circuit and impeding circuit are disposed within the conductive housing protecting the diversion circuit and impeding circuit from direct contact with patient body fluid.

53. The housing of claim 52, wherein the diversion circuit comprises at least one capacitor.

54. The housing of claim 52, wherein the impeding circuit comprises at least one inductor.

55. The housing of claim 52, wherein the diversion circuit comprises a LC trap filter.

56. The housing of claim 52, wherein the impeding circuit comprises a bandstop filter.