Compositions and methods for biological remodeling with frozen particle compositions

• US 8,221,480 B2
• Filed: 03/31/2009
• Issued: 07/17/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 10/31/2008
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Gearbox LLC (Intellectual Ventures LLC)
• Original Assignee: The Invention Science Fund I, L.L.C. (Intellectual Ventures LLC)
• Inventors: Boyden, Edward S., Cook, Daniel B., Hyde, Roderick A., Leuthardt, Eric C., Myhrvold, Nathan P., Sweeney, Elizabeth A., Wood, Lowell L. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): MENDEZ, MANUEL A
• Application Number:
  US12/384,216
• Publication Number:
  US 20120109613A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,204 Days
• Field of Search: 604/890.1, 604/131, 604 65- 67, 128/DIG.12, 128/DIG.13, 607/96
• US Class Current: 607/96
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 2039/505 comprising antibodies
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 2300/00 Mixtures or combinations of active ingredients, wherein at least one active ingredient is fully defined in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/00 Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/337 having four-membered rings, e.g. taxol
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/70 Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof sorbitol A61K31/047
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/7088 Compounds having three or more nucleosides or nucleotides
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 33/00 Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 35/16 Blood plasma; Blood serum umbilical cord blood A61K35/51
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 35/28 Bone marrow; Haematopoietic stem cells; Mesenchymal stem cells of any origin, e.g. adipose-derived stem cells
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 35/32 Bones; Osteocytes; Osteoblasts; Tendons; Tenocytes; Teeth; Odontoblasts; Cartilage; Chondrocytes; Synovial membrane
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 35/33 Fibroblasts
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 35/34 Muscles; Smooth muscle cells; Heart; Cardiac stem cells; Myoblasts; Myocytes; Cardiomyocytes vascular smooth muscle A61K35/44
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 38/00 Medicinal preparations containing peptides peptides containing beta-lactam rings A61K31/00; cyclic dipeptides not having in their molecule any other peptide link than those which form their ring, e.g. piperazine-2,5-diones, A61K31/00; ergot alkaloids of the cyclic peptide type A61K31/48; containing macromolecular compounds having statistically distributed amino acid units A61K31/74; medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies A61K39/00; medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients, e.g. peptides as drug carriers, A61K47/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 38/38 Albumins
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 38/4833 Thrombin (3.4.21.5)
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 39/00 Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies materials for immunoassay G01N33/53
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 41/0004 Homeopathy; Vitalisation; Resonance; Dynamisation, e.g. esoteric applications; Oxygenation of blood
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 45/06 Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 51/1244 microparticles or nanoparticles, e.g. polymeric nanoparticles
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/0014 Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions non-active ingredients are additionally classified in A61K47/00; A61K9/0009, A61K9/0021, A61K9/7015, A61K9/7023 take precedence; cosmetic preparations A61K8/00, A61Q; preparations for wound dressings or bandages A61L26/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/0019 : Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner non-active ingredients are additionally classified in A61K47/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/0021 : Intradermal administration, e.g. through microneedle arrays, needleless injectors mechanical aspects A61M
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/007 : Pulmonary tract; Aromatherapy
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/08 : Solutions composition of solutions A61K47/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/14 : Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles microspheres A61K9/16; microcapsules A61K9/50; nanocapsules, nanoparticles of the matrix type A61K9/51
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/143 : with inorganic compounds
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/1611 : Inorganic compounds
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/1641 : obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyethylene glycol, poloxamers
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/1664 : Compounds of unknown constitution, e.g. material from plants or animals oils, fats, waxes, shellac A61K9/1617
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/1688 : resulting in pure drug agglomerate optionally containing up to 5% of excipient
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/19 : lyophilised , i.e. freeze-dried, solutions or dispersions lyophilised products with subsequent particle size reduction A61K9/14; granules or pellets made by lyphilisation A61K9/1682; solid oral dosage forms made by lyophilisation A61K9/2095; lyophilisation additives A61K47/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/7015 : Drug-containing film-forming compositions, e.g. spray-on
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2005/005 : Magazines with multiple ampoules directly inserted into an injection or infusion device, e.g. revolver-like magazines containing ampoules with or without needles
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3306 : Optical measuring means
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/3015 : for injecting a dose of particles in form of powdered drug, e.g. mounted on a rupturable membrane and accelerated by a gaseous shock wave or supersonic gas flow cell injection devices C12M3/006
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 43/00 : Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 80/00 : Products made by additive manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: C07K 16/2809 : against the T-cell receptor (TcR)-CD3 complex
• CPC Class Codes: C07K 16/283 : against Fc-receptors, e.g. CD16, CD32, CD64 CD23 C07K16/2851
• CPC Class Codes: C07K 16/2848 : against integrin beta3-subunit-containing molecules, e.g. CD41, CD51, CD61
• CPC Class Codes: C07K 16/2863 : against receptors for growth factors, growth regulators
• CPC Class Codes: C07K 16/2878 : against the NGF-receptor/TNF-receptor superfamily, e.g. CD27, CD30, CD40, CD95
• CPC Class Codes: C07K 16/30 : from tumour cells
• CPC Class Codes: C07K 2317/31 : multispecific
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 20/10 : relating to drugs or medications, e.g. for ensuring correct administration to patients
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 30/40 : for processing medical images, e.g. editing
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 50/20 : for computer-aided diagnosis, e.g. based on medical expert systems
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 50/50 : for simulation or modelling of medical disorders
• CPC Class Codes: G16Z 99/00 : Subject matter not provided for in other main groups of this subclass
• CPC Class Codes: Y02A 90/10 : Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

Abstract

Certain embodiments disclosed herein relate to compositions, methods, devices, systems, and products regarding frozen particles. In certain embodiments, the frozen particles include materials at low temperatures. In certain embodiments, the frozen particles provide vehicles for delivery of particular agents. In certain embodiments, the frozen particles are administered to at least one biological tissue.

Claims

1. A system comprising:

means for accepting a first input associated with at least one characteristic of at least one biological tissue to be at least partially constructed or at least partially reconstructed;

means for accepting a second input associated with at least one parameter of at least partially constructing or at least partially reconstructing the at least one biological tissue by administering to at least one substrate with a handheld device, one or more frozen particle compositions including at least one agent; and

means for processing results of the first input and the second input.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the means for processing results of the first input and the second input includes means for electronically processing results of the first input and the second input.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the means for processing results of the first input and the second input includes means for electronically processing results of the first input and the second input by utilizing one or more of Gaussian smoothing, scaling, homomorphic filtering, parametric estimation techniques, Boolean operations, Monte Carlo simulations, wavelet based techniques, mirroring, smoothing, gradient weighted partial differential equation smoothing, NURBS, polygonal modeling, splines and patches modeling, algorithmic execution, logical decision-making, result prediction, or modification of a CAD design.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one agent includes one or more of a therapeutic agent, adhesive agent, abrasive, reinforcement agent, explosive material, or biological remodeling agent.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the first input includes one or more values related to the at least one characteristic of at least one biological tissue.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the first input includes one or more spatial addresses associated with the at least one characteristic of at least one biological tissue.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein the first input includes one or more of x, y, or z coordinates associated with the at least one characteristic of at least one biological tissue.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one characteristic of at least one biological tissue to be at least partially constructed or at least partially reconstructed includes one or more of:

morphological feature, anatomical feature, histological feature, tissue hierarchical level, scaffold feature, vascular structure feature, heterogeneous tissue feature, mechanical feature, volumetric feature, geometric feature, volumetric representation, mechanical feature, deformation, kinematic feature, surface contour feature, kilometric feature, cell aggregation, cell growth, cell-cell interaction, cell-tissue interaction, biomimetic design, cell pattern, cell deposition, organ hierarchical level, tissue microstructure, cellular microstructure, cell junction feature, tissue junction feature, cell-tissue classification, hard tissue classification, soft tissue classification, tumor diagnosis, or other feature.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one characteristic of at least one biological tissue includes one or more of cellular type, cellular function, cellular size, cellular constitution, cellular architecture, cellular durability, cellular source, tissue type, tissue constitution, tissue size, tissue shape, tissue function, tissue architecture, tissue source, tissue durability, organ type, organ constitution, organ size, organ shape, organ function, organ architecture, organ source, or organ durability.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein the first input includes one or more temporal addresses associated with the at least one characteristic of at least one biological tissue.

11. The system of claim 1, wherein the first input includes one or more values derived from at least one image of the at least one biological tissue.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein the at least one image includes one or more images acquired by one or more of optical coherence tomography, computer-assisted tomography scan, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron-emission tomography scan, ultrasound, x-ray, electrical-impedance monitoring, microscopy, spectrometry, flow cytometer, radioisotope imaging, thermal imaging, multiphoton calcium-imaging, photography, or in silico generation.

13. The system of claim 1, further comprising means for accepting a third input associated with at least one feature of the at least one subject.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein the at least one feature of the at least one subject includes one or more of age, gender, genotype, phenotype, proteomic profile, or health condition.

15. The system of claim 1, wherein the means for processing results of the first input and the second input includes means for determining at least one parameter of at least partially constructing or at least partially reconstructing the at least one biological tissue with one or more frozen particle compositions from one or more values derived from at least one image of the at least one biological tissue.

16. The system of claim 1, wherein the second input includes one or more values related to the at least one parameter of at least partially constructing or at least partially reconstructing the at least one biological tissue by administering one or more frozen particle compositions to the at least one substrate.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein the one or more values related to the at least one parameter of constructing or reconstructing the at least one biological tissue includes one or more predictive values.

18. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one parameter of at least partially constructing or at least partially reconstructing the at least one biological tissue includes one or more of porosity of the at least one substrate, pore size of the at least one substrate, interconnectivity of the pores of the at least one substrate, transport properties of the at least one substrate, cell-tissue formation of the at least one substrate, mechanical strength of the at least one substrate, ability for attachment or distribution of the at least one agent included in the one or more frozen particle compositions to the at least one substrate, ability for attachment or distribution of one or more cells or tissues to the at least one substrate, facilitation of at least one nutrient, or tissue formation or tissue growth associated with the at least one substrate.

19. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one parameter of at least partially constructing or at least partially reconstructing the at least one biological tissue by administering one or more frozen particle compositions includes one or more of:

design of plot or model for administration of one or more frozen particle compositions, constitution of the one or more frozen particle compositions, formulation of the one or more frozen particle compositions, size of the one or more frozen particle compositions, shape of the one or more frozen particle compositions, angle of administration of the one or more frozen particle compositions, velocity of administration of the one or more frozen particle compositions, quantity of frozen particle compositions administered, rate of administration of more than one frozen particle composition, spatial location for administration of one or more frozen particle compositions, temporal location for administration of one or more frozen particle compositions, method of administration of one or more frozen particle compositions, timing of administration of one or more frozen particle compositions, modulation of administration of one or more frozen particle compositions, deposition of one or more frozen particle compositions, or rate of deposition of at least one agent.

20. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one parameter of at least partially constructing or at least partially reconstructing the at least one biological tissue by administering one or more frozen particle compositions includes at least one parameter relating to at least partially ablating or at least partially abrading one or more surfaces of the at least one biological tissue with the one or more frozen particle compositions.

21. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one parameter of at least partially constructing or at least partially reconstructing the at least one biological tissue by administering one or more frozen particle compositions includes at least one parameter relating to administering at least one of a therapeutic agent, adhesive agent, biological remodeling agent, reinforcement agent, abrasive, or explosive material with the one or more frozen particle compositions.

22. The system of claim 1, wherein the spatial location for administration of one or more frozen particle compositions includes one or more of x, y, or z coordinates.

23. The system of claim 1, wherein the means for processing results includes means for comparing at least one value related to the first input associated with the at least one characteristic of at least one biological tissue to be at least partially constructed or at least partially reconstructed with at least one value related to at least one image of a target biological tissue.

24. The system of claim 23, wherein the image of a target biological tissue includes an image of a similar biological tissue, or an image of a dissimilar biological tissue.

25. The system of claim 1, wherein the means for processing results includes means for comparing at least one value related to the second input associated with the at least one parameter of at least partially constructing or at least partially reconstructing the at least one biological tissue with at least one value related to another administration of one or more frozen particle compositions.

26. The system of claim 1, wherein the means for processing results includes means for determining one or more differences in at least one value related to the first input and at least one value related to at least one image of the at least one biological tissue or a similar biological tissue.

27. The system of claim 1, wherein the means for processing results includes means for determining one or more differences in at least one value related to the second input associated with the at least one parameter of at least partially constructing or at least partially reconstructing the at least one biological tissue and at least one value related to another administration of one or more frozen particle compositions to the at least one substrate.

28. The system of claim 1, wherein the means for processing results includes means for generating one or more protocols for administering the one or more frozen particle compositions.

29. The system of claim 1, wherein the means for processing results includes means for generating one or more blueprints for administering the one or more frozen particle compositions.

30. The system of claim 29, wherein the one or more blueprints include at least one representation of at least one of organ anatomy, morphology, tissue heterogeneity, scale of vascular system, geometry, internal architecture of an organ or tissue, internal or external boundary distinction of a tissue or organ, topology, or tomography.

31. The system of claim 29, wherein the one or more blueprints include at least one of a two-dimensional plot or a three-dimensional model.

32. The system of claim 1, wherein the administering one or more frozen particle compositions includes depositing the at least one agent on the at least one substrate.

33. The system of claim 1, further comprising means for displaying results of the processing.

34. The system of claim 1, further comprising means for transmitting one or more signals that include information related to the processing results of the first input and the second input.

35. The system of claim 34, wherein the means for transmitting one or more signals include means for transmitting one or more signals associated with selection of one or more frozen particle compositions for administration.

36. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more frozen particle compositions include one or more frozen particles including at least one of hydrogen oxide, nitrogen, oxygen, air, helium, neon, argon, xenon, chlorine, bromine, carbon dioxide, acetone, ethyl acetate, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, acetronitrile, acetic acid, n-butanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, hexamethylphosphorotriamide, perfluorohydrocarbon, methanol, ethanol, tert-butyl alcohol, formic acid, hydrogen fluoride, ammonia, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, acetonitrile, hexane, dichloromethane, methylene chloride, carboxylic acid, saline, standard saline citrate, methane, toluene, chloroform, polyethylene glycol, acetic acid, Ringer'"'"'s solution, lactated Ringer'"'"'s solution, Hartmann'"'"'s solution, acetated Ringer'"'"'s solution, phosphate buffered solution, TRIS-buffered saline solution, Hank'"'"'s balanced salt solution, Earle'"'"'s balanced salt solution, standard saline citrate, HEPES-buffered saline, dextrose, glucose, methane, or diethyl ether.

37. A system comprising:

means for accepting input associated with at least one parameter of at least partially constructing or at least partially reconstructing at least one biological tissue by administering one or more frozen particle compositions;

handheld device for administering to at least one biological tissue one or more frozen particle compositions including at least one agent;

wherein the at least one agent includes one or more of a biological remodeling agent, therapeutic agent, reinforcement agent, explosive material, abrasive, or adhesive agent;

means for evaluating the at least one biological tissue for one or more indicators related to deposition of at least one agent, tissue formation, or tissue growth; and

means for transmitting one or more signals that include information related to the accepting input and information related to the evaluating the at least one biological tissue.

38. The system of claim 37, wherein the means for evaluating at least one biological tissue for one or more indicators include means for evaluating at least one of an assay, image, or gross assessment of the at least one biological tissue prior to, during, or subsequent to at least one administration of the one or more frozen particle compositions.

39. The system of claim 38, wherein the assay includes at least one technique that includes spectroscopy, microscopy, electrochemical detection, polynucleotide detection, histological examination, biopsy analysis, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, electron transfer, enzyme assay, electrical conductivity, isoelectric focusing, chromatography, immunoprecipitation, immunoseparation, aptamer binding, filtration, electrophoresis, immunoassay, or radioactive assay.

40. The system of claim 38, wherein the image includes at least one image acquired by one or more of optical coherence tomography, computer-assisted tomography scan, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron-emission tomography scan, ultrasound, x-ray, electrical-impedance monitoring, microscopy, spectrometry, flow cytommetry, radioisotope imaging, thermal imaging, multiphoton calcium-imaging, photography, or in silico generation.

41. The system of claim 37, wherein the one or more indicators of tissue formation or growth include at least one of cell migration, cell attachment, cell retention, cell differentiation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, diffusion of materials, angiogenesis, nucleic acid expression, protein translation, protein modification, carbohydrate production, carbohydrate secretion, fat production, fat secretion, or protein secretion.

42. The system of claim 37, wherein the input associated with at least one parameter of at least partially constructing or at least partially reconstructing the at least one biological tissue by administering one or more frozen particle compositions includes one or more of:

constitution of the one or more frozen particle compositions, formulation of the one or more frozen particle compositions, size of the one or more frozen particle compositions, shape of the one or more frozen particle compositions, angle of administration of the one or more frozen particle compositions, velocity of administration of the one or more frozen particle compositions, quantity of frozen particle compositions administered, rate of administration of more than one frozen particle composition, spatial location for administration of one or more frozen particle compositions, temporal location for administration of one or more frozen particle compositions, method of administration of one or more frozen particle compositions, timing of administration of one or more frozen particle compositions, modulation of administration of one or more frozen particle compositions, deposition of one or more frozen particle compositions, or rate of deposition of at least one agent.

43. The system of claim 37, wherein the means for transmitting one or more signals include means for transmitting one or more signals associated with selection of one or more frozen particle compositions for administration.

44. The system of claim 37, wherein the one or more frozen particle compositions include one or more frozen particles including at least one of hydrogen oxide, nitrogen, oxygen, air, helium, neon, argon, xenon, chlorine, bromine, carbon dioxide, acetone, ethyl acetate, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, acetronitrile, acetic acid, n-butanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, hexamethylphosphorotriamide, perfluorohydrocarbon, methanol, ethanol, tert-butyl alcohol, formic acid, hydrogen fluoride, ammonia, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, acetonitrile, hexane, dichloromethane, methylene chloride, carboxylic acid, saline, standard saline citrate, methane, toluene, chloroform, polyethylene glycol, acetic acid, Ringer'"'"'s solution, lactated Ringer'"'"'s solution, Hartmann'"'"'s solution, acetated Ringer'"'"'s solution, phosphate buffered solution, TRIS-buffered saline solution, Hank'"'"'s balanced salt solution, Earle'"'"'s balanced salt solution, standard saline citrate, HEPES-buffered saline, dextrose, glucose, methane, or diethyl ether.

45. The system of claim 37, wherein the at least one agent includes one or more of an adhesive agent, therapeutic agent, reinforcement agent, abrasive, explosive material, or biological remodeling agent.

46. A system comprising:

means for receiving one or more signals that include information related to accepting input associated with at least one parameter of at least partially constructing or at least partially reconstructing the at least one biological tissue by administering to at least one biological tissue with a handheld device one or more frozen particle compositions;

means for receiving one or more signals that include information related to evaluating the at least one biological tissue for one or more indicators of tissue formation or growth; and

means for processing the information related to the input associated with at least one parameter of at least partially constructing or at least partially reconstructing the at least one biological tissue and the information related to the evaluating the at least one biological tissue.

47. The system of claim 46, wherein the evaluating at least one biological tissue for one or more indicators includes evaluating at least one of an assay, image, or gross assessment of the at least one biological tissue prior to, during, or subsequent to at least one administration of one or more frozen particle compositions.

48. The system of claim 47, wherein the assay includes at least one technique that includes spectroscopy, microscopy, electrochemical detection, polynucleotide detection, histological examination, biopsy analysis, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, electron transfer, enzyme assay, electrical conductivity, isoelectric focusing, chromatography, immunoprecipitation, immunoseparation, aptamer binding, filtration, electrophoresis, immunoassay, or radioactive assay.

49. The system of claim 46, wherein the image includes at least one image acquired by one or more of optical coherence tomography, computer-assisted tomography scan, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron-emission tomography scan, ultrasound, x-ray, electrical-impedance monitoring, microscopy, spectrometry, flow cytommetry, radioisotope imaging, thermal imaging, multiphoton calcium-imaging, photography, or in silico generation.

50. The system of claim 46, wherein the one or more indicators of tissue formation or growth include at least one of:

cell migration, cell attachment, cell retention, cell differentiation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, diffusion of materials, angiogenesis, nucleic acid expression, protein translation, protein modification, carbohydrate production, carbohydrate secretion, fat production, fat secretion, or protein secretion.

51. The system of claim 46, wherein the input associated with at least one parameter of at least partially constructing or at least partially reconstructing the at least one biological tissue includes one or more of:

constitution of the one or more frozen particle compositions, formulation of the one or more frozen particle compositions, size of the one or more frozen particle compositions, shape of the one or more frozen particle compositions, angle of administration of the one or more frozen particle compositions, velocity of administration of the one or more frozen particle compositions, quantity of frozen particle compositions administered, rate of administration of more than one frozen particle composition, spatial location for administration of one or more frozen particle compositions, temporal location for administration of one or more frozen particle compositions, method of administration of one or more frozen particle compositions, timing of administration of one or more frozen particle compositions, modulation of administration of one or more frozen particle compositions, deposition of one or more frozen particle compositions, or rate of deposition of at least one agent.

52. The system of claim 46, wherein the means for receiving one or more signals include means for receiving one or more signals associated with selection of one or more frozen particle compositions for administration.

53. The system of claim 46, wherein the one or more frozen particle compositions include one or more frozen particles including at least one of hydrogen oxide, nitrogen, oxygen, air, helium, neon, argon, xenon, chlorine, bromine, carbon dioxide, acetone, ethyl acetate, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, acetronitrile, acetic acid, n-butanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, hexamethylphosphorotriamide, perfluorohydrocarbon, methanol, ethanol, tert-butyl alcohol, formic acid, hydrogen fluoride, ammonia, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, acetonitrile, hexane, dichloromethane, methylene chloride, carboxylic acid, saline, standard saline citrate, methane, toluene, chloroform, polyethylene glycol, acetic acid, Ringer'"'"'s solution, lactated Ringer'"'"'s solution, Hartmann'"'"'s solution, acetated Ringer'"'"'s solution, phosphate buffered solution, TRIS-buffered saline solution, Hank'"'"'s balanced salt solution, Earle'"'"'s balanced salt solution, standard saline citrate, HEPES-buffered saline, dextrose, glucose, methane, or diethyl ether.

54. The system of claim 46, wherein the at least one agent includes one or more of an adhesive agent, therapeutic agent, reinforcement agent, abrasive, explosive material, or biological remodeling agent.

55. A system comprising:

circuitry for accepting a first input associated with at least one characteristic of at least one biological tissue to be at least partially constructed or at least partially reconstructed;

circuitry for accepting a second input associated with at least one parameter of at least partially constructing or at least partially reconstructing the at least one biological tissue by administering to at least one biological tissue with a handheld device, one or more frozen particle compositions including at least one agent; and

circuitry for processing results of the first input and the second input.

56. A system comprising:

circuitry for accepting input associated with at least one parameter of at least partially constructing or at least partially reconstructing at least one biological tissue by administering one or more frozen particle compositions;

handheld pellet gun for administering to at least one biological tissue, one or more frozen particle compositions including at least one agent;

wherein the at least one agent includes one or more of a biological remodeling agent, therapeutic agent, reinforcement agent, explosive material, abrasive, or adhesive agent;

circuitry for evaluating the at least one biological tissue for one or more indicators related to deposition of at least one agent, tissue formation, or tissue growth; and

means for transmitting one or more signals that include information related to the accepting input and information related to the evaluating the at least one biological tissue.