Method and apparatus for detecting respiratory effort in a medical device

• US 8,231,536 B2
• Filed: 10/31/2008
• Issued: 07/31/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 09/19/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Cho, Yong K., Bennett, Tommy D., Erickson, Mark K., Shrivastav, Maneesh, Greenhut, Saul E., Kleckner, Karen J., Sperling, Charles P., Corey, Robert A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Dunston, Jennifer
• Application Number:
  US12/262,307
• Publication Number:
  US 20100076324A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,369 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 600/484
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0031 Implanted circuitry
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0205 Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0215 by means inserted into the body catheters A61M25/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0816 Measuring devices for examining respiratory frequency measuring frequency of electric signals G01R23/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4818 Sleep apnoea
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6846 specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36514 controlled by a physiological quantity other than heart potential, e.g. blood pressure controlled by two or more physical parameters A61N1/36585
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3702 Physiological parameters A61N1/365 takes precedence; evoked response A61N1/371
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37258 Alerting the patient

Abstract

A medical device for determining a respiratory effort having a pressure sensor to sense pressure signals, a housing having system components positioned therein, and a microprocessor positioned within the housing, wherein the microprocessor detects an inspiration and an expiration in response to the pressure signals, detects a breath in response to the detected inspiration and the detected expiration, and determines the respiratory effort in response to the detected breath.

Claims

1. A medical device for determining a respiratory effort, comprising:

a pressure sensor to sense pressure signals to generate sample points;

a housing having system components positioned therein; and

a microprocessor positioned within the housing and configured to detect a first predetermined number of sample points less than a detection threshold, detect a second predetermined number of sample points greater than the detection threshold, detect an inspiration in response to the first predetermined number of sample points, detect an expiration in response to the second predetermined number of sample points, detect a breath in response to the detected inspiration and the detected expiration, wherein the second predetermined number of sample points occur subsequent to the first predetermined number of sample points within the breath, detect peak inspiration of a first detected breath during a first interval, wherein the first interval is defined by a sample point of second predetermined number of sample points associated with a breath detected prior to the first detected breath and a sample point of the second predetermined number of sample points associated with the first detected breath, detect a peak expiration of the first detected breath during a second interval, wherein the second interval is defined by a sample point of the first predetermined number of sample points associated with the first detected breath and a sample point of the first predetermined number of sample points associated with a breath detected subsequent to the first detected breath, and determine the respiratory effort in response to the detected peak inspiration and the detected peak expiration.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the microprocessor is configured to determine a slope between the peak expiration and the peak inspiration.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein the microprocessor is configured to continuously adjust a breath detection threshold in response to the generated sample points to generate a current adjusted breath detection threshold, compare a current generated sample point to the current adjusted breath detection threshold, detect a current generated sample point less than the current adjusted detection threshold, suspend the continuous adjusting of the breath detection threshold and set the breath detection threshold equal to the most current adjusted breath detection threshold generated prior to the suspending, compare a next sample point, generated subsequent to the suspending, to the set detection threshold, and detect one of the inspiration and the expiration in response to the comparing of a next sample point.

4. The device of claim 1, further comprising:

an electrode to sense cardiac signals, the microprocessor being configured to determine a heart rate in response to the sensed cardiac signals; and

a signal filtering system to filter the sensed pressure signal in response to the determined heart rate to generate a heart-rate dependent frequency response, wherein the microprocessor is configured to derive a filtered signal in response to the heart rate dependent frequency response, and wherein the sample points are generated in response to the derived filtered signal.

5. The device of claim 4, wherein the signal filtering system comprises:

a first filter having a first frequency response corresponding to a heart rate greater than a heart rate threshold; and

a second filter having a second frequency response different from the first frequency response, the second frequency response corresponding to a heart rate being less than the heart rate threshold.

6. The device of claim 5, wherein the microprocessor is configured to select the first filter and the second filter one at a time in a sequential manner in response to the determined heart rate, and derive the respiration signal as a continuous signal comprising sequential outputs of the first filter and the second filter.

7. The device of claim 5, wherein the microprocessor is configured to select the first filter and the second filter simultaneously for parallel filtering of the pressure signals, and wherein the filtered signal comprises a first signal component corresponding to an output of the first filter and a second signal component corresponding to an output of the second filter.

8. The device of claim 5, wherein the first and second filters each comprise multiple filtering stages, the first filter is a subset of the multiple stages of the second filter, and wherein the signal filtering system is configured to decimate the pressure signal following at least one of the multiple stages.