Apparatus for high throughput chemical reactions
First Claim
1. An apparatus comprising at least one heating element, configured to be in thermal contact with a chip said chip comprising a substrate and an array of nanowells, wherein the number of nanowells is greater than 30,000, and wherein the array of nanowells comprises a plurality of individually controllable temperature zones corresponding to a plurality of heating elements, each temperature zone comprising a plurality of nanowells in the substrate, wherein the substrate has a thermal conductivity value higher than 1 W/mK, and each temperature zone being thermally isolated from one another.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Apparatus, systems, chips, and methods of performing a large number of simultaneous chemical reactions are provided herein. The chips of the invention comprise addressable units that can be addressed according to the temperature of the reaction to be run. The subject apparatus, systems, and chips are particularly suited for performing polymerase chain reactions on thousands of nucleic acid sequences, up to and including sequences of an entire genome of an organism of interest.
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Citations
53 Claims
- 1. An apparatus comprising at least one heating element, configured to be in thermal contact with a chip said chip comprising a substrate and an array of nanowells, wherein the number of nanowells is greater than 30,000, and wherein the array of nanowells comprises a plurality of individually controllable temperature zones corresponding to a plurality of heating elements, each temperature zone comprising a plurality of nanowells in the substrate, wherein the substrate has a thermal conductivity value higher than 1 W/mK, and each temperature zone being thermally isolated from one another.
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17. A chip for running a reaction comprising an array of thermally communicating addressable units in a substrate, wherein the substrate has a thermal conductivity value higher than 1 W/mK, each unit being configured for running a chemical reaction, wherein the array of thermally communicating addressable units is configured to correspond to a predetermined temperature zone, and wherein an individual unit in said array is dimensioned to hold a chemical reaction mixture of less than about 1 μ
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one or more sensors to determine the position of a heating element relative to the chip. - View Dependent Claims (18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 30, 31, 32, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 51, 52, 53)
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24. An apparatus for conducting a chemical reaction requiring cycling at least two temperature levels, comprising:
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(a) chip for running a reaction comprising an array of addressable units in a substrate, wherein the substrate has a thermal conductivity value higher than 1 W/mK, each unit being configured for a chemical reaction, wherein the array of the addressable units is configured to correspond to a predetermined temperature zone having a thermal buffer between an adjacent temperature zone, and wherein an individual unit in said array is dimensioned to hold a chemical reaction mixture of less than about 1 μ
l; and(b) a heating element in thermal contact with the chip. - View Dependent Claims (26, 27, 28, 29, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47)
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Specification