Surface relief volume reflective diffractive structure

• US 8,254,029 B2
• Filed: 02/14/2008
• Issued: 08/28/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 02/14/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Aztech Systems Limited
• Original Assignee: Aztech Systems Limited
• Inventors: Cowan, James J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lavarias, Arnel C
• Application Number:
  US12/031,381
• Publication Number:
  US 20080309996A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,657 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 359/572
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/1814 structurally combined with one or more further optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors, prisms or other diffraction gratings G02B5/189 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/1861 Reflection gratings characterised by their structure, e.g. step profile, contours of substrate or grooves, pitch variations, materials G02B5/1809, G02B5/1828, G02B5/1833, G02B5/1838 and G02B5/1847 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/32 Holograms used as optical elements
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 1/0244 Surface relief holograms replicating hologram without interference recording G03H1/0276
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 1/0248 Volume holograms
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 1/04 Processes or apparatus for producing holograms G03H1/26 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 1/0402 Recording geometries or arrangements G03H1/0443, G03H1/0476, G03H1/16 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 1/041 Optical element in the object space affecting the object beam, not otherwise provided for
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 1/2205 using downstream optical component
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 1/2249 Holobject properties
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 1/26 Processes or apparatus specially adapted to produce multiple sub- holograms or to obtain images from them, e.g. multicolour technique
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 2001/0417 for recording single beam Lippmann hologram wherein the object is illuminated by reference beam passing through the recording material
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 2001/0419 for recording combined transmission and reflection holograms
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 2001/0473 Particular illumination angle between object or reference beams and hologram
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 2001/2635 Mixed volume and surface relief holograms
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 2210/63 Environment affecting the recording, e.g. underwater G03H2001/0432 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 2222/31 Polarised light
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 2223/18 Prism
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 2223/25 Index matching material
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 5/00 Holographic processes or apparatus using particles or using waves other than those covered by groups G03H1/00 or G03H3/00 for obtaining holograms; Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from them G03H1/22 takes precedence; construction of electron microscopes H01J37/26; investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves G01N22/00, by the use of particles wave or X-rays G01N23/00, G21K7/00

Abstract

A surface relief structure includes a recording medium configured to be structurally modified when exposed to interfering and non-interfering portions of radiation beams, the structurally modified recording medium including, when viewed in a two-dimensional cross-section along one of the axes of the recording medium a plurality of equally spaced steps of fine-sized periodicity superimposed upon a plurality of deep depressions of substantially coarse-sized periodicity. The structurally modified recording medium is configured to produce in reflection single and multiple colors in a broad spectral range when illuminated by a source of light.

Claims

1. A surface relief structure comprising:

a recording medium configured to be structurally modified when exposed to interfering and non-interfering portions of radiation beams, the structurally modified recording medium including, when viewed in a two-dimensional cross-section along one of axes of the recording medium;

a plurality of substantially equal height steps of fine-sized periodicity superimposed upon a plurality of deep depressions of substantially coarse-sized periodicity defined by a crossed grating, with steps of the plurality of substantially equal height steps being stepped in only two directions and including landing portions varying non-uniformly in at least one of the only two directions, the plurality of substantially equal height steps stepped in the only two directions in each of the plurality of deep depressions defining an asymmetric stepped profile,

wherein the plurality of deep depressions of coarse-sized periodicity on which the plurality of substantially equal height steps are superimposed are skewed relative to edges of the two-dimensional cross-section view of the recording medium such that the deep depressions are not perpendicular to all of the edges of the two-dimensional cross-section view of the recording medium, the structurally modified recording medium defined using the crossed grating is configured to produce in reflection substantially a single color in a broad spectral range when illuminated by a source of light.

2. The structure of claim 1 wherein the radiation beams include at least one of:

light beams and electron beams.

3. The structure of claim 1 wherein the plurality of deep depressions of coarse-sized periodicity includes a grating structure varying along one direction in the two-dimensional cross-section view.

4. The structure of claim 3 wherein the period of the coarse-sized grating structure is substantially symmetric when viewed in the two-dimensional cross-section view.

5. The structure of claim 3 wherein a period of the coarse-sized grating structure is substantially asymmetric when viewed in the two-dimensional cross-section view.

6. The structure of claim 3 wherein a period of the coarse-sized grating structure is skewed when viewed in a two-dimensional cross-section view relative to a principal surface of the recording medium prior to exposing the recording medium to portions of the radiation beams.

7. The structure of claim 6 wherein the skewed grating structure includes at least one of:

an inclined grating structure and a non-symmetric grating structure.

8. The structure of claim 3 wherein light diffracted, upon illumination of the structure with a light source, includes light having wavelengths corresponding to predominantly a single color resonance whose bandwidth varies in inverse proportion to a number equaling the plurality of steps.

9. The structure of claim 3 wherein light diffracted, upon illumination of the structure with a light source, includes green and blue resonances that combine to produce light corresponding to the color cyan.

10. The structure of claim 3 wherein light diffracted, upon illumination of the structure with a light source, includes green and red resonances that combine to produce light corresponding to the color yellow.

11. The structure of claim 3 wherein light diffracted, upon illumination of the structure with a light source, includes blue and red resonances that combine to produce light corresponding to the color magenta.

12. The structure of claim 1 wherein the plurality of equally spaced steps of fine-sized periodicity are approximately half of a wavelength of illuminated light observed in reflection when the microstructure is coupled to an overcoating dielectric having an index of refraction approximately equal to 1.

13. The structure of claim 1 wherein the recording medium is overcoated with a clear dielectric having an index of refraction, n, such that the illuminated light observed in reflection corresponds to a wavelength equaling to approximately twice the product of n and a height value of any of the equally spaced steps.

14. The structure of claim 1 wherein the plurality of deep depressions of coarse-sized periodicity includes a grating structure varying along in two directions of the two-dimensional cross-section view.

15. The structure of claim 14 wherein light diffracted, upon illumination of the structure with a light source, includes multiple single-color resonances of near-equal intensities.

16. The structure of claim 14 wherein light diffracted, upon illumination of the structure with a light source, includes a single color resonance that becomes narrower and bunched closer together such that it can fit under a broad spectral envelope as the number of steps increases.

17. The structure of claim 14 wherein light diffracted, upon illumination of the structure with a light source, includes a single color resonance that is accompanied by several adjacent resonances of lower intensity such that a perceived single color is modified by the spectral composition of the adjacent colors.

18. The structure of claim 1 wherein each of the plurality of deep depressions of coarse-sized periodicity has depth sufficient to diffract light that, in the absence of steps, would have a minimal diffraction efficiency.

19. The structure of claim 1 further comprising a diffuse component such that parallax viewability is increased over a large horizontal and vertical range of angles.