Electrical energy consumption control apparatuses and electrical energy consumption control methods

• US 8,258,761 B2
• Filed: 07/29/2008
• Issued: 09/04/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 07/31/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Battelle Memorial Institute
• Original Assignee: Battelle Memorial Institute
• Inventors: Hammerstrom, Donald J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Laxton, Gary L
• Application Number:
  US12/181,954
• Publication Number:
  US 20090033296A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,498 Days
• Field of Search: 307/31, 307/126, 307/24, 307 32- 35, 307 52- 63, 323/205, 323/207
• US Class Current: 323/207
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/1821 using shunt compensators H02J3/1807, H02J3/1878 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/4208 Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 40/30 Reactive power compensation

Abstract

Electrical energy consumption control apparatuses and electrical energy consumption control methods are described. According to one aspect, an electrical energy consumption control apparatus includes processing circuitry configured to receive a signal which is indicative of current of electrical energy which is consumed by a plurality of loads at a site, to compare the signal which is indicative of current of electrical energy which is consumed by the plurality of loads at the site with a desired substantially sinusoidal waveform of current of electrical energy which is received at the site from an electrical power system, and to use the comparison to control an amount of the electrical energy which is consumed by at least one of the loads of the site.

Claims

1. An electrical energy consumption control apparatus comprising:

processing circuitry configured to receive a signal which is indicative of current of electrical energy which is consumed by a plurality of loads at a site, to compare the signal which is indicative of current of electrical energy which is consumed by the plurality of loads at the site with a desired substantially sinusoidal waveform of current of electrical energy which is received at the site from an electrical power system, and to use the comparison to control an amount of the electrical energy which is consumed by at least one of the loads of the site.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to control the amount of the electrical energy which is consumed by at least one of the loads to reduce variances between the signal and the desired substantially sinusoidal waveform.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to control the amount of the electrical energy which is consumed by the at least one of the loads of the site to increase power factor and reduce harmonic pollution of the electrical energy at an interface between the site and the electrical power system.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to receive the desired substantially sinusoidal waveform of current of electrical energy which is received at the site from the electrical power system.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to scale the desired substantially sinusoidal waveform of current to adjust an amount of correction which is provided by the controlling of the amount of the electrical energy which is consumed by the at least one of the loads to reduce variances between the signal which is indicative of current and the desired substantially sinusoidal waveform of current.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to scale the desired substantially sinusoidal waveform of current using information which is indicative of a state of generation and consumption of electrical energy with respect to the electrical power system.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to control the amount of the electrical energy which is consumed by the at least one of the loads which is void of electrical energy storage circuitry.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to control the amount of the electrical energy which is consumed by at least one transistor of the at least one of the loads.

31. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the site is located at a customer premises which is remote from sources of the electrical power system which generate the electrical energy, and wherein the signal which is indicative of current of electrical energy which is consumed by the plurality of loads at the site is not indicative of electrical energy from the electrical power system which is consumed by other loads which are not at the site of the customer premises.

32. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the site is located at a customer premises which is remote from sources of the electrical power system which generate the electrical energy, and wherein the signal which is indicative of current of electrical energy which is consumed by the plurality of loads at the site is generated at the site of the customer premises after transmission of the electrical energy from the sources to the site of the customer premises via a grid of the electrical power system.

33. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the site is located at a customer premises, and further comprising monitoring circuitry located at the customer premises and which is configured to:

monitor the electrical energy which is received at the site from a grid of the electrical power system; and

as a result of the monitoring, output the signal which is indicative of current of electrical energy which is consumed by the plurality of loads at the site and the desired substantially sinusoidal waveform of current.

9. An electrical energy consumption control apparatus comprising:

monitoring circuitry configured to monitor electrical energy which is received from an electrical power system at a site which includes a plurality of loads and to output signals which are indicative of the electrical energy which is received from the electrical power system at the site; and

processing circuitry coupled with the monitoring circuitry and configured to receive the signals from the monitoring circuitry, to compare a desired waveform of the electrical energy received from the electrical power system at the site with respect to an actual waveform of the electrical energy received from the electrical power system at the site, and to use the comparison to control an amount of the electrical energy which is consumed by at least one of the loads of the site.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to compare the desired waveform with respect to the actual waveform to generate an error signal which is indicative of variances between the actual waveform and the desired waveform and to control the amount of the electrical energy which is consumed by the at least one of the loads of the site using the error signal to reduce the variances between the actual waveform and the desired waveform.

11. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the desired waveform comprises a substantially sinusoidal waveform, and the processing circuitry is configured to use the comparison to selectively increase and decrease the amount of the electrical energy which is consumed by the at least one of the loads during different portions of the substantially sinusoidal waveform to reduce the variances between the actual waveform and the desired waveform.

12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the desired and actual waveforms are indicative of current of the electrical energy, and the processing circuitry is configured to control an amount of the electrical energy which is consumed by the at least one of the loads to reduce amplitude variances between the desired waveform and the actual waveform.

13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the actual waveform is indicative of the current of the electrical energy which is consumed by the loads of the site.

14. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to control the amount of the electrical energy which is consumed by the at least one of the loads to increase power factor and reduce harmonic pollution of the electrical energy at an interface between the site and the electrical power system.

15. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to control the amount of the electrical energy which is consumed by the at least one of the loads which is void of electrical energy storage circuitry.

16. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to control the amount of the electrical energy which is consumed by at least one transistor of the at least one of the loads.

17. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the actual waveform comprises a waveform of current of the electrical energy, and the processing circuitry is configured to determine the desired waveform comprising a waveform of the current of the electrical energy using a voltage waveform of the electrical energy which is received at the site from the electrical power system.

18. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to scale the voltage waveform to generate the desired waveform.

19. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to vary an amount of the scaling to adjust an amount of correction which is provided by the controlling of the amount of the electrical energy which is consumed by the at least one of the loads to reduce variances between the desired waveform and the actual waveform.

20. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to vary an amount of the scaling using information which is indicative of a state of generation and consumption of electrical energy with respect to the electrical power system.

34. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the site is located at a customer premises which is remote from sources of the electrical power system which generate the electrical energy, and wherein the monitoring circuitry is located at the site of the customer premises, and wherein the monitoring circuitry is configured to:

monitor the electrical energy after transmission of the electrical energy, via a grid of the electrical power system, from the sources to the site of the customer premises; and

as a result of the monitoring, generate the desired waveform of the electrical energy received from the electrical power system at the site and the actual waveform of the electrical energy received from the electrical power system at the site.

21. An electrical energy consumption control method comprising:

receiving electrical energy from an electrical power system at a site which includes a plurality of loads;

monitoring a characteristic of the received electrical energy;

generating a desired representation of the characteristic; and

using the monitored characteristic of the received electrical energy and the desired representation of the characteristic, controlling an amount of the electrical energy which is consumed by at least one of the loads of the site.

22. The method of claim 21 further comprising determining variances between the monitored characteristic of the electrical energy and the desired representation of the characteristic, and wherein the controlling comprises controlling to reduce the variances between the monitored characteristic of the electrical energy and the desired representation of the characteristic.

23. The method of claim 21 wherein the desired representation of the characteristic comprises a substantially sinusoidal waveform, and the controlling comprises controlling to selectively increase and decrease the amount of the electrical energy which is consumed by the at least one of the loads during different portions of the substantially sinusoidal waveform to reduce variances between the monitored characteristic and the substantially sinusoidal waveform.

24. The method of claim 21 wherein the controlling comprises controlling to increase power factor and reduce harmonic pollution of the received electrical energy at an interface between the site and the electrical power system.

25. The method of claim 21 wherein the controlling comprises controlling the amount of the electrical energy which is consumed by the at least one of the loads which is void of electrical energy storage circuitry.

26. The method of claim 21 wherein the controlling comprises controlling the amount of the electrical energy which is consumed by at least one transistor of the at least one of the loads.

27. The method of claim 21 wherein the monitored characteristic comprises a waveform of current of the received electrical energy, and the generating comprises generating the desired representation of the characteristic comprising another waveform of current using a voltage waveform of the received electrical energy.

28. The method of claim 27 wherein the generating comprises scaling the voltage waveform to generate the desired representation of the characteristic.

29. The method of claim 28 further comprising varying an amount of the scaling to adjust an amount of correction which is provided by the controlling the amount of the electrical energy which is consumed by the at least one of the loads of the site to reduce variances between the monitored characteristic and the desired representation of the characteristic.

30. The method of claim 28 further comprising varying an amount of the scaling using information which is indicative of a state of generation and consumption of electrical energy with respect to the electrical power system.

35. The method of claim 21 wherein the site is located at a customer premises, and wherein the monitoring and the generating comprise monitoring and generating using circuitry which is located at the site of the customer premises.