Circuit for charge and/or discharge protection in an energy-storage device
First Claim
1. A protective circuit for an energy-storage device, comprising:
- a charge protection circuit adapted to disable current flow into the energy-storage device and allow current to flow out of the energy-storage device while a voltage corresponding to an overcharge state of the energy-storage device is detected;
a discharge protection circuit adapted to disable current flow out of the energy-storage device when a voltage corresponding to an overdischarged state of the energy-storage device is detected until a voltage corresponding to an operating range of the energy-storage device is detected and allow current to flow into the energy-storage device while a voltage corresponding to the overdischarged state of the energy-storage device is detected;
a first connection terminal configured for direct connection to an external load, a charger, and/or a second energy storage device;
a second connection terminal configured for direct connection to the external load, the charger, and/or a third energy storage device; and
an anti-parallel diode coupled between and directly connected to the first connection terminal and the second connection terminal.
1 Assignment
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Accused Products
Abstract
A method and apparatus for protecting an energy-storage device (ESD), such as a rechargeable battery, is provided. A protective circuit protects an ESD from adverse charging and loading conditions including overcharging, overdischarging, charging at an excessive rate and discharging at an excessive rate. The protective circuit selectively disables charging and discharging based on the present terminal conditions. A plurality of ESDs and protective circuits can be interconnected to protect a multi-cell ESD device. Embodiments of the protective circuit are adapted to protect a lithium cell operating around 2 volts. The protective circuit may also protect the ESD from adverse temperature conditions.
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Citations
23 Claims
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1. A protective circuit for an energy-storage device, comprising:
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a charge protection circuit adapted to disable current flow into the energy-storage device and allow current to flow out of the energy-storage device while a voltage corresponding to an overcharge state of the energy-storage device is detected; a discharge protection circuit adapted to disable current flow out of the energy-storage device when a voltage corresponding to an overdischarged state of the energy-storage device is detected until a voltage corresponding to an operating range of the energy-storage device is detected and allow current to flow into the energy-storage device while a voltage corresponding to the overdischarged state of the energy-storage device is detected; a first connection terminal configured for direct connection to an external load, a charger, and/or a second energy storage device; a second connection terminal configured for direct connection to the external load, the charger, and/or a third energy storage device; and an anti-parallel diode coupled between and directly connected to the first connection terminal and the second connection terminal. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11)
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12. An apparatus comprising a plurality of energy-storage devices and a plurality of protective circuits, each energy-storage device comprising a first terminal and a second terminal and each protective circuit having a first terminal and a second terminal coupled to the first terminal and the second terminal, respectively, of an energy-storage device of the plurality of energy-storage devices, each protective circuit comprising:
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a third terminal configured for direct connection to an external load, a charger, and/or a second energy storage device; a fourth terminal configured for direct connection to the external load, the charger, and/or a third energy storage device; an anti-parallel diode coupled between and directly connected to the third terminal and the fourth terminal; a first directional element coupled between the first terminal and the third terminal of the protective circuit adapted and configured to allow current flow in a first direction between the first terminal and the third terminal; a first switch coupled between the first terminal and the third terminal of the protective circuit in parallel with the first directional element, the first switch having a control input, the first switch being adapted and configured to selectively block current flow in response to a value in a first state at the control input of the first switch; an overdischarge detector having an input coupled between the third terminal and the fourth terminal of the protective circuit, the overdischarge detector having an output coupled to the control input of the first directional switch, the output of the overdischarge detector having a value in the first state when the voltage at the input of the overdischarge detector drops below a value corresponding to an overdischarge state and a value other than in the first state when the voltage at the input of the overdischarge detector raises to a voltage corresponding to an operating range; a second directional element coupled between the second terminal and the fourth terminal of the protective circuit, the second directional element being adapted and configured to allow current flow in a second direction between the second terminal and the fourth terminal; a second switch coupled between the second terminal and the fourth terminal of the protective circuit in parallel with the second directional element, the second switch having a control input, the second directional switch adapted and configured to block current flow between the second terminal and the fourth terminal in response to a value in a second state at the control input of the second switch; and an overcharge detector having an input coupled between the first terminal and the fourth terminal of the protective circuit, the overcharge detector having an output coupled to the control input of the second switch, the output of the overcharge detector having a value in the second state when the voltage at the input of the overcharge detector increases above a value corresponding to an overcharge state. - View Dependent Claims (13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23)
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Specification