Equalizing method and circuit for ultracapacitors

• US 8,269,469 B2
• Filed: 08/12/2009
• Issued: 09/18/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 08/12/2008
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Dan J. And Denise L. Costa 1997 Family Trust
• Original Assignee: IVUS Energy Innovations Incorporated
• Inventors: Cegnar, Erik, Jessup, Fred, Maughan, Mike, Alexander, David G.
• Primary Examiner(s): Williams, Arun
• Application Number:
  US12/540,281
• Publication Number:
  US 20100039072A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,133 Days
• Field of Search: 320/167
• US Class Current: 320/167
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/08 Structural combinations, e.g. assembly or connection, of hybrid or EDL capacitors with other electric components, at least one hybrid or EDL capacitor being the main component
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/10 Multiple hybrid or EDL capacitors, e.g. arrays or modules housings, cases, encapsulations or mountings thereof H01G11/78
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/14 Arrangements or processes for adjusting or protecting hybrid or EDL capacitors emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for capacitors, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions H02H7/16; emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltages without disconnection H02H9/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/16 against electric overloads, e.g. including fuses
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0016 using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/13 Energy storage using capacitors

Abstract

An equalizing method for ultracapacitor cell packs and/or series connected ultracapacitors.

Claims

1. An ultracapacitor charging method for charging a series connected string of ultracapacitor cells having a plurality of balancing circuits, said method comprising the steps of:

a. specifying a voltage balance hysteresis as variable V_BAL_HYST;

b. charging said string of ultracapacitor cells;

c. turning all balancing circuits off;

d. measuring the voltage of each ultracapacitor cell to determine the smallest measured cell voltage;

e. storing said smallest measured cell voltage as variable V_min in a digital controller; and

f. for each ultracapacitor cell in the series connected string iteratively performing the following steps by said digital controller;

i) measuring the voltage of the ultracapacitor cell to set Vcell;

ii) computing the difference of Vcell and V_min;

iii) comparing difference of Vcell and V_min to V_BAL_HYST, wherein if the difference of Vcell and V_min>

V_BAL_HYST, then turning on the balancing circuit for the cell, draining current from the cell.

2. The ultracapacitor charging method of claim 1, wherein the step of measuring the voltage of each ultracapacitor cell to determine the smallest measured cell voltage is performed via an analog measurement circuit.

3. The ultracapacitor charging method of claim 1, wherein the step of charging said string of ultracapacitor cells is performed by a charger.

4. The ultracapacitor charging method of claim 1, wherein the step of specifying a voltage balance hysteresis as variable V_BAL_HYST is performed by said digital controller.

5. The ultracapacitor charging method of claim 1, wherein after a predetermined period of time has passed, steps c, d, e and f are repeated.

19. The ultracapacitor charging method of claim 1, further comprising the step of establishing a predetermined time interval.

20. The ultracapacitor charging method of claim 19, wherein said steps c, d, e and f are performed for a period of time equal to said time interval, and wherein step d is repeated after said period of time has passed.

6. An ultracapacitor charging method for charging a series connected string of ultracapacitor cells having a plurality of balancing circuits, said method comprising the steps of:

a. specifying a voltage balance hysteresis as variable V_BAL_HYST;

b. charging said string of ultracapacitor cells;

c. establishing a predetermined time interval; and

d. performing the following steps for a period of time equal to said time interval;

turning all balancing circuits off;

ii. measuring the voltage of each ultracapacitor cell to determine the smallest measured cell voltage;

iii. storing said smallest measured cell voltage as variable V_min in a digital controller;

iv. for each ultracapacitor cell in the series connected string iteratively performing the following steps by said digital controller;

a) measuring the voltage of the ultracapacitor cell to set Vcell;

b) computing the difference of Vcell and V_min;

c) comparing difference of Vcell and V_min to V_BAL_HYST, wherein if the difference of Vcell and V_min>

V_BAL_HYST, then turning on the balancing circuit for the cell, draining current from the cell; and

e. repeating step d after said period of time has passed.

7. The ultracapacitor charging method of claim 6, wherein the step of measuring the voltage of each ultracapacitor cell to determine the smallest measured cell voltage is performed via an analog measurement circuit.

8. The ultracapacitor charging method of claim 6, wherein the step of charging said string of ultracapacitor cells is performed by a charger.

9. The ultracapacitor charging method of claim 6, wherein the step of specifying a voltage balance hysteresis as variable V_BAL_HYST is performed by said digital controller.

10. An apparatus for charging a series connected string of ultracapacitor cells, said apparatus comprising:

a charger for charging said string of ultracapacitor cells;

a plurality of balancing circuits for draining current from the cell; and

a digital controller, said digital controller specifying a voltage balance hysteresis as variable V_BAL_HYST, said digital controller turning all balancing circuits off, determining which cell has the smallest cell voltage (V_min), wherein as the ultracapacitor cells charge said digital controller monitors the voltage of each of the ultracapacitor cells, turning the corresponding balancing circuit on for any ultracapacitor cells where the difference between the voltage of the ultracapacitor cell and V_min>

V_BAL_HYST.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein an analog measurement circuit is utilized to measure the voltage of each ultracapacitor cell so that said digital controller can determine the smallest measured cell voltage.

12. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising an artificial time delay for providing said ultracapacitor cells with an adequate time to balance, wherein after said time delay said digital controller turning all balancing circuits off, determining which cell has the smallest cell voltage (V_min), wherein as the ultracapacitor cells charge said digital controller monitors the voltage of each of the ultracapacitor cells, turning the corresponding balancing circuit on for any ultracapacitor cells where the difference between the voltage of the ultracapacitor cell and V_min>

V_BAL_HYST.

13. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein said plurality of balancing circuits comprises at least one first balancing circuit which allows current to be drained from each ultracapacitor cell in said string.

14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein said at least one first balancing circuit comprises a plurality of resistors, at least one MOSFET, and at least one zener diode.

15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein said at least one first balancing circuit comprises a plurality of resistors and at least one transistor.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein said at least one transistor is at least one bi-polar junction transistor.

17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein said at least one transistor is at least one phototransistor.

18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein said at least one transistor is at least one insulated gate bipolar transistor.