Seam-based reduction and expansion of images with table-based priority

• US 8,280,186 B1
• Filed: 07/31/2008
• Issued: 10/02/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 07/31/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Adobe Inc.
• Original Assignee: Adobe Systems Incorporated (Adobe Inc.)
• Inventors: Avidan, Shmuel, Chien, Jen-Chan, Intwala, Chintan
• Primary Examiner(s): Koziol, Stephen R
• Application Number:
  US12/184,039
• Time in Patent Office: 1,524 Days
• Field of Search: 382/100, 382/284, 382/293, 382/295, 382/300, 345/629
• US Class Current: 382/284
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 3/04 Context-preserving transformations, e.g. by using an importance map panospheric to cylindrical image transformations G06T3/12

Abstract

A system and method for expansion and reduction of images uses a look-up table to define an arbitrary mapping of data (e.g., pixel values) representing an image to respective energy values. Each pixel value may represent an absolute color or intensity value, a difference in color or intensity values, or an average, derivative, minimum, or maximum of two or more pixel values. The energy values may then be used to determine one or more low-cost seams of the image to be removed for an image reduction operation or replicated for an image expansion operation, where the cost of each seam is dependent on the energy values of the pixels of the seam. The look-up table may be used to apply a threshold and/or cap on the energy values mapped to pixel values. The look-up table may also provide a mechanism for reconfiguring mappings, thresholds, and/or caps.

Claims

1. A system, comprising:

one or more processors; and

a memory coupled to the one or more processors and storing program instructions executable by the one or more processors to implement;

accessing data representing an image;

accessing a look-up table defining a mapping of pixel values to respective energy values, wherein the energy values indicate the importance of each pixel with respect to resizing operations;

determining a respective energy value for each pixel of the image dependent on said mapping;

identifying a seam of the image having a lowest cost, wherein the cost of the seam is dependent on the respective energy values of pixels of the seam; and

performing a resizing operation on the image along the identified seam to produce a resized version of the image.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the program instructions are further executable to implement repeating said identifying and said performing for a next lowest cost seam until the resized version of the image meets a specified target size or a specified target aspect ratio.

3. The system of claim 1,

wherein the resizing operation comprises a reduction operation;

and

wherein said performing comprises removing the pixels of the seam.

4. The system of claim 1,

wherein the resizing operation comprises an expansion operation;

and

wherein said performing comprises replicating the pixels of the seam and inserting the replicated pixels into the image.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the cost of the seam is dependent on one or more of:

a sum of the respective energy values of all pixels of the seam, an average of the respective energy values of all pixels of the seam a weighted average of the respective energy values of all pixels of the seam, or a maximum value of the respective energy values of all pixels of the seam.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein said identifying a seam of the image having a lowest cost comprises identifying a shortest path across the image.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein said identifying a seam of the image having a lowest cost comprises applying a dynamic programming technique.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the look-up table maps one or more ranges of pixel values to respective energy values.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein the look-up table maps a pre-defined maximum or minimum energy value to two or more pixel values.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein the two or more pixel values are determined dependent on a pixel value threshold.

11. The system of claim 1, wherein the program instructions are further executable to implement modifying the mapping of pixel values to respective energy values in the look-up table.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein said modifying the mapping is dependent on user input.

13. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the pixel values mapped to respective energy values represents one or more of:

an absolute color value, an absolute intensity value, a difference in color values, a difference in intensity values, a derivative of two or more pixel values, an average of two or more pixel values, a maximum of two or more pixel values, or a minimum of two or more pixel values.

14. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors comprise at least one of:

a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), or a graphics processing unit (GPU).

15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, storing program instructions computer-executable to implement:

accessing data representing an image;

accessing a look-up table defining a mapping of pixel values to respective energy values, wherein the energy values indicate the importance of each pixel with respect to resizing operations;

determining a respective energy value for each pixel of the image dependent on said mapping;

identifying a seam of the image having a lowest cost, wherein the cost of the seam is dependent on the respective energy values of pixels of the seam; and

performing a resizing operation on the image along the identified seam to produce a resized version of the image.

16. The storage medium of claim 15, wherein the program instructions are further executable to implement repeating said identifying and said performing for a next lowest cost seam until the resized version of the image meets a specified target size or a specified target aspect ratio.

17. The storage medium of claim 15,

wherein the resizing operation comprises a reduction operation;

and

wherein said performing comprises removing the pixels of the seam.

18. The storage medium of claim 15,

wherein the resizing operation comprises an expansion operation;

and

wherein said performing comprises replicating the pixels of the seam and inserting the replicated pixels into the image.

19. The storage medium of claim 15, wherein the cost of the seam is dependent on one or more of:

a sum of the respective energy values of all pixels of the seam, an average of the respective energy values of all pixels of the seam, a weighted average of the respective energy values of all pixels of the seam, or a maximum value of the respective energy values of all pixels of the seam.

20. The storage medium of claim 15, wherein said identifying a seam of the image having a lowest cost comprises one or more of:

identifying a shortest path across the image or applying a dynamic programming technique.

21. The storage medium of claim 15, wherein the look-up table maps one or more ranges of pixel values to respective energy values.

22. The storage medium of claim 15, wherein the look-up table maps a pre-defined maximum or minimum energy value to two or more pixel values.

23. The storage medium of claim 22, wherein the two or more pixel values are determined dependent on a pixel value threshold.

24. The storage medium of claim 15, wherein the program instructions are further executable to implement modifying the mapping of pixel values to respective energy values in the look-up table.

25. The storage medium of claim 15, wherein each of the pixel values mapped to respective energy values represents one or more of:

an absolute color value, an absolute intensity value, a difference in color values, a difference in intensity values, a derivative of two or more pixel values, an average of two or more pixel values, a maximum of two or more pixel values, or a minimum of two or more pixel values.

26. A computer-implemented method, comprising:

accessing data representing an image;

accessing a look-up table defining a mapping of pixel values to respective energy values, wherein the energy values indicate the importance of each pixel with respect to resizing operations;

determining a respective energy value for each pixel of the image dependent on said mapping;

identifying a seam of the image having a lowest cost, wherein the cost of the seam is dependent on the respective energy values of pixels of the seam; and

performing a resizing operation on the image along the identified seam to produce a resized version of the image.

27. The method of claim 26, further comprising repeating said identifying and said performing for a next lowest cost seam until the resized version of the image meets a specified target size or a specified target aspect ratio.

28. The method of claim 26,

wherein the resizing operation comprises a reduction operation;

and

wherein said performing comprises removing the pixels of the seam.

29. The method of claim 26,

wherein the resizing operation comprises an expansion operation;

and

wherein said performing comprises replicating the pixels of the seam and inserting the replicated pixels into the image.

30. The method of claim 26, wherein the cost of the seam is dependent on one or more of:

a sum of the respective energy values of all pixels of the seam, an average of the respective energy values of all pixels of the seam, a weighted average of the respective energy values of all pixels of the seam, or a maximum value of the respective energy values of all pixels of the seam.

31. The method of claim 26, wherein said identifying a seam of the image having a lowest cost comprises one or more of:

identifying a shortest path across the image or applying a dynamic programming technique.

32. The method of claim 26, wherein the look-up table maps one or more ranges of pixel values to respective energy values.

33. The method of claim 26, wherein the look-up table maps a pre-defined maximum or minimum energy value to two or more pixel values.

34. The method of claim 33, wherein the two or more pixel values are determined dependent on a pixel value threshold.

35. The method of claim 26, further comprising modifying the mapping of pixel values to respective energy values in the look-up table.

36. The method of claim 26, wherein each of the pixel values mapped to respective energy values represents one or more of:

an absolute color value, an absolute intensity value, a difference in color values, a difference in intensity values, a derivative of two or more pixel values, an average of two or more pixel values, a maximum of two or more pixel values, or a minimum of two or more pixel values.