Chemical reactor for converting a first material into a second material

• US 8,287,814 B2
• Filed: 02/08/2008
• Issued: 10/16/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 11/17/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Battelle Energy Alliance LLC (Battelle Memorial Institute)
• Original Assignee: Battelle Energy Alliance LLC (Battelle Memorial Institute)
• Inventors: Kong, Peter C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Mayekar, Kishor
• Application Number:
  US12/028,550
• Publication Number:
  US 20110236272A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,712 Days
• Field of Search: 422/186.21
• US Class Current: 422/186.21
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/088 giving rise to electric discharges for heating purposes H05B7/00; for the production of ozone C01B13/11, H01T19/00
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0809 employing two or more electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0833 forming part of a full circle
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0871 Heating or cooling of the reactor
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0884 Gas-liquid
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0886 Gas-solid
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/089 Liquid-solid
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0894 Processes carried out in the presence of a plasma
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 6/21 Preparation of borohydrides of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, magnesium or beryllium; Addition complexes thereof, e.g. LiBH4.2N2H4, NaB2H7
• CPC Class Codes: F23G 2204/201 Plasma

Abstract

A chemical reactor and method for converting a first material into a second material is disclosed and wherein the chemical reactor is provided with a feed stream of a first material which is to be converted into a second material; and wherein the first material is combusted in the chemical reactor to produce a combustion flame, and a resulting gas; and an electrical arc is provided which is passed through or superimposed upon the combustion flame and the resulting gas to facilitate the production of the second material.

Claims

1. A chemical reactor, comprising:

a combustion assembly for receiving a first material, and combusting the first material to produce a combustion flame;

a first electrically insulative structure coupled with the combustion assembly;

a second electrically insulative structure spaced apart from the first electrically insulative structure;

a reaction chamber including a body having a flow path defined therethrough, the body being positioned between the first electrically insulative structure and the second electrically insulative structure; and

pair of electrodes disposed between the first and second electrically insulative structures, the pair of electrodes configured to produce an electrical arc which passes through the combustion flame as it flows through the flow path of the body to create a high temperature plasma.

2. A chemical reactor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the combustion assembly comprises a chemical torch.

3. A chemical reactor as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a collection chamber positioned in downstream fluid flowing relation relative to the body, wherein the collection chamber is coupled with the second electrically insulative structure, and wherein the collection chamber is configured to collect a material product produced by the high temperature plasma.

4. A chemical reactor as claimed in claim 3, wherein the combustion assembly, the reaction chamber and the collection chamber are substantially aligned along a substantially vertically oriented axis.

5. A chemical reactor as claimed in claim 3, further comprising:

a supply of sodium borate coupled with the combustion assembly to provide sodium borate as the first material;

a source of hydrogen coupled with the combustion assembly.

6. A chemical reactor as claimed in claim 5, wherein source of hydrogen comprises a source of methane.

7. A chemical reactor as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:

a first material supply coupled with the combustion assembly to provide the first material;

a second material supply coupled with the combustion assembly to provide a carbon containing material to the combustion assembly.

8. A chemical reactor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pair of electrodes includes a first electrode and a second electrode positioned in spaced relation relative to the first electrode, and wherein the chemical reactor further comprises a source of electricity which is selectively electrically coupled to the respective electrodes and which creates the electrical arc and the resulting high temperature plasma.

9. A chemical reactor as claimed in claim 8, wherein the body of the reaction chamber is formed of an electrically insulative material.

10. A chemical reactor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the combustion assembly and the pair of electrodes are cooperatively configured to produce the high temperature plasma at a temperature of greater than about 5000 degrees C. with the combustion assembly producing the combustion flame at a temperature of least about 15 percent of the temperature of high temperature plasma.

11. A chemical reactor, comprising:

a first material supply;

a chemical torch which is coupled in fluid flowing relation relative to the first material supply and which is configured to combust material from the first material supply to produce a chemical flame;

a first electrically insulative plate coupled to the chemical torch;

a reaction chamber defined, at least in part, by a body positioned downstream from the chemical torch, the body defining a passageway through which the chemical flame is directed;

a first electrode positioned between the first electrically insulative plate and the body;

a second electrode separated from the first electrode by the body of the reaction chamber;

a collection chamber positioned downstream of the body, wherein the collection chamber receives, at least in part, the chemical flame, and wherein the second electrode is electrically insulated from the collection chamber;

a second electrically insulative plate positioned between the second electrode and the collection chamber; and

a source of electrical power supplied to the first and second electrodes configured to generate an electrical arc which passes between the first and second electrodes and through the chemical flame as it passes through the passageway of the body.