Compositions useful as inhibitors of protein kinases

• US 8,288,400 B2
• Filed: 08/08/2011
• Issued: 10/16/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 10/14/2003
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
• Inventors: Jimenez, Juan-Miguel, Green, Jeremy, Gao, Huai, Moon, Young-Choon, Brenchley, Guy, Knegtel, Ronald, Pierard, Francoise
• Primary Examiner(s): Leeser, Erich A
• Application Number:
  US13/205,291
• Publication Number:
  US 20120183577A1
• Time in Patent Office: 435 Days
• Field of Search: 514/267, 544/250
• US Class Current: 514/267
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/496 Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 1/04 for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 1/16 for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 11/02 Nasal agents, e.g. decongestants
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 11/06 Antiasthmatics
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 11/08 Bronchodilators
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 13/12 of the kidneys
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 17/00 Drugs for dermatological disorders
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 17/06 Antipsoriatics
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 17/14 for baldness or alopecia
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 19/00 Drugs for skeletal disorders
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 19/02 for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 19/08 for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 19/10 for osteoporosis
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 25/00 Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 25/14 for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 25/16 Anti-Parkinson drugs
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 25/18 Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 25/28 for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 29/00 Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 3/10 : for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 31/12 : Antivirals
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 31/18 : for HIV
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 31/22 : for herpes viruses
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 35/00 : Antineoplastic agents
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 35/02 : specific for leukemia
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 37/00 : Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 37/02 : Immunomodulators
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 37/06 : Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 37/08 : Antiallergic agents antiasthmatic agents A61P11/06; ophthalmic antiallergics A61P27/14
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 43/00 : Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 7/00 : Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 9/00 : Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 9/10 : for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 239/70 : condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 239/84 : Nitrogen atoms
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 333/22 : Radicals substituted by doubly bound hetero atoms, or by two hetero atoms other than halogen singly bound to the same carbon atom
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 333/38 : Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 333/54 : with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 333/70 : attached in position 2
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 471/04 : Ortho-condensed systems
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 487/04 : Ortho-condensed systems
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 495/04 : Ortho-condensed systems
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 495/14 : Ortho-condensed systems
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 513/04 : Ortho-condensed systems

Abstract

The present invention relates to compounds useful as inhibitors of protein kinases. The invention also provides processes for preparing the compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising the compounds, and methods of using the compounds and compositions in the treatment of various disease, conditions, or disorders.

Claims

1. A compound of formula I:

3. The compound of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein R¹ and R², taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are bound form an optionally substituted 5-membered thiazole ring selected from the following groups:

4. The compound of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein each occurrence of WR^y, when present, is independently halogen, CN, NO₂, —

NRR′

, CH₂NRR′

, —

OR′

, —

CH₂OR′

, —

SR′

, —

CH₂SR′

, —

COOR′

, —

NRCOR′

, —

CONNRR′

, or —

S(O)₂NRR′

or an optionally substituted group selected from C_1-4alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl.

5. The compound of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein —

WR^y groups are each independently F, Cl, Br, I, Me, Et, —

CN, —

OMe, —

SMe, —

NMe₂, —

NEt₂, —

COOMe, —

COOH, —

OH, —

SO₂NH₂, —

CON(CH₃)₂, —

CO(optionally substituted N-piperazinyl), —

CO(N-morpholinyl), —

CO(N-piperidinyl), —

CH₂N(Me)₂, —

CH₂N(Et)₂, or an optionally substituted group selected from C_1-4alkoxy, phenyl, phenyloxy, benzyl, benzyloxy, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, thiophene, N-morpholinyl, N-piperidinyl, N-piperazinyl, or furanyl.

6. The compound of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein —

WR^y groups are each independently CF₃, F, Cl, Br, I, Me, Et, —

CN, —

OMe, —

SMe, —

NMe₂, —

NEt₂, —

COOMe, —

COOH, —

OH, —

SO₂NH₂, —

CON(CH₃)₂, —

CO(optionally substituted N-piperazinyl, —

CO(N-morpholinyl), —

CO(N-piperidinyl), —

CO(pyrrolidinyl), —

CO(N(H)pyrrolidinyl), —

CH₂N(Me)₂, —

CH₂N(Et)₂, or an optionally substituted group selected from C_1-4alkoxy, phenyl, phenyloxy, benzyl, benzyloxy, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, thiophene, N-morpholinyl, N-piperidinyl, N-piperazinyl, furanyl, pyrrolidinyl, or N(H)pyrrolidinyl.

7. The compound of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein m is 1 and WR^y is an optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl group, wherein substituents for the optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl group are independently selected from —

VR^V;

wherein V is a bond or is a C₁-C₆ alkylidene chain wherein up to two non-adjacent methylene units of V are independently optionally replaced by CO, CO₂, COCO, CONR, OCONR, NRNR, NRNRCO, NRCO, NRCO₂, NRCONR, SO, SO₂, NRSO₂, SO2NR, NRSO₂NR, O, S, or NR; and

each occurrence of R^V is independently selected from R′

, halogen, NO₂, or CN, or —

QR^X is ═

O, ═

S, or ═

NR′

.

8. The compound of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein m is 1 and WR^y is —

CH₂NRR′

, —

NRR′

, or —

CONRR′

.

9. The compound of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein T groups, when present are —

CH₂—

, —

CH₂CH₂, —

CO—

, or —

SO₂—

.

11. The compound of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein n is 0 and T is absent.

12. The compound of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein T is absent (n=0) or T is —

CO—

.

13. The compound of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein Cy¹ is selected from one of the following groups:

14. The compound of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein Cy¹ is selected from:

15. The compound of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein Cy¹ is selected from:

16. The compound of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein Cy¹ is phenyl (a), and compounds have the formula I-A:

17. The compound of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein QR^X groups, when present, are each independently halogen, CN, NO₂, or an optionally substituted group selected from C_1-4alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, —

NRR′

, —

CH₂NRR′

, —

OR′

, —

CH₂OR′

, —

SR′

, —

CH₂SR′

, —

COOR′

, —

NRCOR′

, —

CONRR′

, —

SO₂R′

, NRSO₂R′

, or —

SO₂NRR′

.

18. The compound of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein QR^X groups, when present, are each independently halogen, CN, NO₂, or an optionally substituted group selected from C_1-4alkyl, —

CF₃, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, —

NRR′

, —

CH₂NRR′

, —

OR′

, —

CH₂OR′

, —

SR′

, —

CH₂SR′

, —

COOR′

, —

NRCOR′

, —

CONRR′

, —

SO₂R′

, NRSO₂R′

, or —

SO₂NRR′

.

19. The compound of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein QR^X groups are each independently Cl, Br, F, CF₃, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, NO₂, —

OH, —

SO₂NH₂, SO₂CH₃, NH₂, SO₂NHCH₃, NHSO₂CH₃, or an optionally substituted group selected from C_1-4alkoxy, phenyl, phenyloxy, benzyl, or benzyloxy.

20. The compound of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein X is —

CH₂—

, and the compound has the general formula II;

21. The compound of claim 20, wherein Cy¹ is optionally substituted phenyl, and the compound has the formula II-A:

22. The compound of claim 20, wherein R¹ and R², taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are bound form an optionally substituted thiazolyl (viii-1 or viii-2), and the compound has one of the structures II-L or II-M:

23. The compound of claim 22, wherein Cy¹ is phenyl, optionally substituted with 0-3 occurrences of QR^X.

24. The compound of claim 22, wherein n is 0, or n is 1 and T is CH₂, —

CH₂CH₂—

, —

CO—

or —

SO₂—

;

k is 0-3; and

each occurrence of QR^X is independently halogen, CN, NO₂, or an optionally substituted group selected from C_1-4alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, —

NRR′

, —

CH₂RR′

, —

OR′

, —

CH₂OR′

, —

SR′

, —

CH₂SR′

, —

COOR′

, —

NRCOR′

, —

CONRR′

, —

SO₂R′

, NRSO₂R′

, or —

SO₂RR′

.

25. The compound of claim 22, wherein k is 0-3;

and each occurrence of QR^X is independently halogen, CN, NO₂, or an optionally substituted group selected from C_1-4alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, —

NRR′

, —

CH₂NRR′

, —

OR′

, —

CH₂OR′

, —

SR′

, —

CH₂SR′

, —

COOR′

, —

NRCOR′

, —

CONRR′

, —

SO₂R′

, NRSO₂R′

, or —

SO₂NRR′

.

26. The compound of claim 22, wherein m is 0-3;

and each occurrence of WR^y is independently halogen, CN, NO₂, or an optionally substituted group selected from C_1-4alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —

NRR′

, —

CH₂NRR′

, —

OR′

, —

CH₂OR′

, —

SR′

, —

CH₂SR′

, —

COOR′

, —

NRCOR′

, —

CONRR′

, or —

S(O)₂NRR′

.

27. The compound of claim 22, wherein m is 1 and WR^y is an optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl group.

28. The compound of claim 22, wherein m is 1 and WR^y is a substituted phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, thiophenyl, or furanyl group, optionally substituted with one of more occurrences of —

VR^V;

wherein V is a bond or is a C₁-C₆ alkylidene chain wherein up to two non-adjacent methylene units of V are independently optionally replaced by CO, CO₂, COCO, CONR, OCONR, NRNR, NRNRCO, NRCO, NRCO₂, NRCONR, SO, SO₂, NRSO₂, SO₂NR, NRSO₂NR, O, S, or NR; and

each occurrence of R^V is independently selected from R′

, halogen, NO₂, or CN, or —

QR^X is ═

O, ═

S, or ═

NR′

.

29. The compound of claim 20, wherein n is 0, or n is 1 and T is CH₂, —

CH₂CH₂—

, —

CO—

, or —

SO₂.

30. The compound of claim 20, wherein n is 0, or n is 1 and T is —

C(H)(CH₃)—

, or —

CH₂C(H)(CH₃).

31. The compound of claim 20, wherein n is 0, or n is 1 and T is CH₂, —

CH₂CH₂—

, —

CO—

or —

SO₂—

;

k is 0-3; and

each occurrence of QR^X is independently halogen, CN, NO₂, or an optionally substituted group selected from C_1-4alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, —

NRR′

, —

CH₂NRR′

, —

OR′

, —

CH₂OR′

, —

SR′

, —

CH₂SR′

, —

COOR′

, —

NRCOR′

, —

CONRR′

, —

SO₂R′

, NRSO₂R′

, or —

SO₂NRR′

.

32. The compound of claim 20, wherein n is 0, or n is 1 and T is —

C(H)(CH₃)—

, —

C(H)(CH₃)CH₂—

, —

CH₂C(H)(CH₃)—

, or —

CH₂CH₂CH₂—

;

k is 0-3; and

each occurrence of QR^X is independently halogen, CN, NO₂, or an optionally substituted group selected from C_1-4alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, NRR′

, —

OR′

, —

CH₂OR′

, —

SR′

, —

CH₂SR′

, —

COOR′

, —

NRCOR′

, —

CONRR′

, —

SO₂R′

, NRSO₂R′

, or —

SO₂RR′

.

34. The compound of claim 32, wherein Cy¹ is selected from any one of a through mm depicted above.

56. The compound of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein X is an optionally substituted C₃ alkylidene moiety and compounds have the general formula VII:

57. The compound of claim 56, wherein Cy¹ is selected from any one of a through mm depicted above.

58. The compound of claim 56, wherein Cy¹ is optionally substituted phenyl, and compounds have formula VII-A:

59. The compound of claim 56, wherein R¹ and R², taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are bound form an optionally substituted thiazolyl (viii-1 or viii-2), and the compound has the formulae X-L or X-M:

60. The compound of claim 59, wherein Cy¹ is phenyl, optionally substituted with 0-3 occurrences of QR^X.

61. The compound of claim 59, wherein n is 0, or n is 1 and T is CH₂, —

CH₂CH₂—

, —

CO—

or —

SO₂—

;

k is 0-3; and

each occurrence of QR^X is independently halogen ,CN, NO₂, or an optionally substituted group selected from C_1-4alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, —

NRR′

, —

CH₂NRR′

, —

OR′

, —

CH₂OR′

, —

SR′

, —

CH₂SR′

, —

COOR′

, —

NRCOR′

, —

CONRR′

, —

SO₂R′

, NRSO₂R′

, or —

SO₂NRR′

.

62. The compound of claim 59, wherein m is 0-3;

and each occurrence of WR^y is independently halogen, CN, NO₂, or an optionally substituted group selected from C_1-4alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —

NRR′

, —

CH₂NRR′

, —

OR′

, —

CH₂OR′

, —

SR′

, —

CH₂SR′

, —

COOR′

, —

NRCOR′

, —

CONRR′

, or —

S(O)₂NRR′

.

63. The compound of claim 59, wherein m is 1 and WR^y is an aryl or heteroaryl group optionally substituted with one or more occurrences of —

VR^V;

wherein V is a bond or is a C₁-C₆ alkylidene chain wherein up to two non-adjacent methylene units of V are independently optionally replaced by CO, CO₂, COCO, CONR, OCONR, NRNR, NRNRCO, NRCO, NRCO₂, NRCONR, SO, SO₂, NRSO₂, SO₂NR, NRSO₂NR, O, S, or NR; and

each occurrence of R^V is independently selected from R′

, halogen, NO₂, or CN, or —

QR^X is ═

O, ═

S, or ═

NR′

.

64. The compound of claim 59, wherein m is 1 and WR^y is a phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, thiophenyl, or furanyl group optionally substituted with one or more occurrences of —

VR^V;

wherein V is a bond or is a C₁-C₆ alkylidene chain wherein up to two non-adjacent methylene units of V are independently optionally replaced by CO, CO₂, COCO, CONR, OCONR, NRNR, NRNRCO, NRCO, NRCO₂, NRCONR, SO, SO₂, NRSO₂, SO₂NR, NRSO₂NR, O, S, or NR; and

each occurrence of R^V is independently selected from R′

, halogen, NO₂, or CN, or —

QR^X is ═

O, ═

S, or ═

NR′

.

65. The compound of claim 59, wherein m is 1, W is —

CH₂—

, a bond, or —

CO—

, and is R^y is NRR′ and

the compound has the formula X-L-ii below;

66. The compound of claim 59, wherein one occurrence of WR^y is an optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl group, denoted by Ar¹ in formula X-L-i below, wherein m is 1-5:

67. The compound of claim 66, wherein Ar¹ is a phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, thiophenyl, or furanyl group optionally substituted with one or more occurrences of —

VR^V;

wherein V is a bond or is a C₁-C₆ alkylidene chain wherein up to two non-adjacent methylene units of V are independently optionally replaced by CO, CO₂, COCO, CONR, OCONR, NRNR, NRNRCO, NRCO, NRCO₂, NRCONR, SO, SO₂, NRSO₂, SO₂NR, NRSO₂NR, O, S, or NR; and

each occurrence of R^V is independently selected from R′

, halogen, NO₂, or CN, or —

QR^X is ═

O, ═

S, or ═

NR′

.

68. The compound of claim 59, wherein n is 0, or n is 1 and T is CH₂, —

CH₂CH₂—

, —

CO—

or —

SO₂.

69. The compound of claim 59, wherein n is 0, or n is 1 and T is CH₂, —

CH₂CH₂—

, —

CO—

or —

SO₂—

;

k is 0-3; and

each occurrence of QR^X is independently halogen, CN, NO₂, or an optionally substituted group selected from C_1-4alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, —

NRR′

, —

CH₂NRR′

, —

OR′

, —

CH₂OR′

, —

SR′

, —

CH₂SR′

, —

NRCOR′

, —

CONRR′

, —

SO₂R′

, NRSO₂R′

, or —

SO₂NRR′

.

70. The compound of claim 1 or 2, wherein X is —

CH═

CH—

.

2. A compound of formula I:

10. The compound of claim 2, wherein T groups, when present are —

C(H)(CH₃)—

, —

C(H)(CH₃)CH₂—

, —

H₂C(H)(CH₃)—

, or —

CH₂CH₂CH₂—

.

33. The compound of claim 2, wherein X is —

(CH₂)₂—

, —

CH═

CH—

, —

S—

CH₂—

, —

CH₂—

S—

, —

CH₂—

O—

, —

O—

CH₂—

, and the compound has one of the structures III, IV, V, VI, VIII, or IX;

35. The compound of claim 33, wherein Cy¹ is optionally substituted phenyl, and the compound has one of the following formulae:

36. The compound of claim 33, wherein R¹ and R², taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are bound form an optionally substituted thiazolyl (viii-1 or viii-2).

37. The compound of claim 33, wherein R¹ and R², taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are bound form an optionally substituted thiazolyl (viii- 1 or viii-2), the compound has the structure of III-L or III-M:

38. The compound of claim 33, wherein R¹ and R², taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are bound form an optionally thiazolyl (viii-1 or viii-2), and the compound has the structure of IV-L or IV-M:

39. The compound of claim 33, wherein R¹ and R², taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are bound form an optionally substituted thiazolyl (viii-1 or viii-2), and the compound has the structure of V-L or V-M:

40. The compound of claim 33, wherein R¹ and R², taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are bound form an optionally substituted thiazolyl (viii-1 or viii-2), and the compound has the structure of IX-L or IX-M:

41. The compound of claim 33, wherein Cy¹ is phenyl, optionally substituted with 0-3 occurrences of QR^X.

42. The compound of claim 33, wherein n is 0, or n is 1 and T is CH₂, —

CH₂CH₂—

, —

CO—

or —

SO₂—

;

k is 0-3; and

each occurrence of QR^X is independently halogen, CN, NO₂, or an optionally substituted group selected from C_1-4alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, —

NRR′

, —

CH₂RR′

, —

OR′

, —

CH₂OR′

, —

SR′

, —

CH₂SR′

, —

COOR′

, —

NRCOR′

, —

CONRR′

, —

SO₂R′

, NRSO₂R′

, or —

SO₂NRR′

.

43. The compound of claim 33, wherein m is 0-3;

and each occurrence of WR^y is independently halogen, CN, NO₂, or an optionally substituted group selected from C_1-4alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —

NRR′

, —

CH₂RR′

, —

OR′

, —

CH₂OR′

, —

SR′

, —

CH₂SR′

, —

COOR′

, —

NRCOR′

, —

CONRR′

, or S(O)₂NRR′

.

44. The compound of claim 33, wherein —

WR^y groups are each independently F, Cl, Br, I, Me, Et, —

CN, —

OMe, —

SMe, —

NMe₂, —

NEt₂, —

COOMe, —

COOH, —

OH, —

SO₂NH₂, —

CON(CH₃)₂, —

CO(optionally substituted N-piperazinyl), —

CO(N-morpholinyl), —

CO(N-piperidinyl), —

CH₂N(Me)₂, —

CH₂N(Et)₂, or an optionally substituted group selected from C_1-4alkoxy, phenyl, phenyloxy, benzyl, benzyloxy, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, thiophene, N-morpholinyl, N-piperazinyl, or furanyl.

45. The compound of claim 33, wherein —

WR^y groups are each independently CF₃, F, Cl, Br, I, Me, Et, —

CN, —

OMe, —

SMe, —

NMe₂, —

NEt₂, —

COOMe, —

COOH, —

OH, —

SO₂NH₂, —

CON(CH₃)₂, —

CO(optionally substituted N-piperazinyl), —

CO(N-morpholinyl), —

CO(N-piperidinyl), —

CO(pyrrolidinyl), —

CO(N(H)pyrrolidinyl), —

CH₂N(Me)₂, —

CH₂N(Et)₂, or an optionally substituted group selected from C_1-4alkoxy, phenyl, phenyloxy, benzyl, benzyloxy, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, thiophene, N-morpholinyl, N-piperidinyl, N-piperazinyl, furanyl, pyrrolidinyl, or N(H)pyrrolidinyl.

46. The compound of claim 43, wherein one occurrence of WR^y is an optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl group, denoted by Ar¹ in one of formulae III-L-i, III-M-i, IV-L-i, IV-M-i, V-L-i, V-M-i, IX-L-i, or IX-M-i below, wherein m is 1-3:

47. The compound of claim 46, wherein m is 1 and Ar¹ is a phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, thiophenyl, or furanyl group optionally substituted with one or more occurrences of —

VR^V;

wherein V is a bond or is a C₁-C₆ alkylidene chain wherein up to two non-adjacent methylene units of V are independently optionally replaced by CO, CO₂, COCO, CONR, OCONR, NRNR, NRNRCO, NRCO, NRCO₂, NRCONR, SO, SO₂, NRSO₂, SO₂NR, NRSO₂NR, O, S, or NR; and

each occurrence of R^V is independently selected from R′

, halogen, NO₂, or CN, or —

QR^X is ═

O, ═

S, or ═

NR′

.

48. The compound of claim 43, wherein one occurrence of WR^y is —

CH₂NRR′

, and the compound has one of formulae III-L-ii, III-M-ii, IV-L-ii, IV-M-ii, V-L-ii, V-M-ii, IX-L-ii, or IX-M-ii below, wherein m is 1-3;

49. The compound of claim 43, wherein one occurrence of WR^y is —

NRR′

, and the compound has one of formulae III-L-iii, III-M-iii, IV-L-iii, IV-M-iii, V-L-iii, V-M-iii, IX-L-iii, or IX-M-iii below, wherein m is 1-3;

50. The compound of claim 43, wherein one occurrence of WR^y is —

CONRR′ and

the compound has one of the formulae III-L-iv, III-M-iv, IV-L-iv, IV-M-iv, V-L-iv, V-M-iv, IX-L-iv, or IX-M-iv below, wherein m is 1-3;

51. The compound of claim 48, 49, or 50, wherein —

CH₂NRR′

is —

CH₂N(CH₃)₂, —

CH₂N(CH₂CH₃)₂, —

CH₂(optionally substituted N-piperazinyl), —

CH₂(optionally substituted N-piperidinyl), or —

CH₂(optionally substituted N-morpholinyl);

—

NRR′

is —

N(CH₃)₂, —

N(CH₂CH₃)₂, -optionally substituted N-piperazinyl, optionally substituted N-piperidinyl, or -optionally substituted N-morpholinyl; and

—

CONRR′

is —

CON(CH₃)₂, —

CON(CH₂CH₃)₂, —

CO(optionally substituted N-piperazinyl), —

CO(optionally substituted N-piperidinyl), or —

CO(optionally substituted N-morpholinyl).

52. The compound of claim 48, 49, or 50, wherein —

CH₂NRR′

is —

CH₂N(CH₃)₂, —

CH₂N(CH₂CH₃)₂, —

CH₂(optionally substituted N-piperazinyl), —

CH₂(optionally substituted N-piperidinyl), or —

CH₂(optionally substituted N-morpholinyl);

—

NRR′

is —

N(CH₃)₂, —

N(CH₂CH₃)₂, -optionally substituted N-piperazinyl, optionally substituted N-piperidinyl, or -optionally substituted N-morpholinyl; and

—

CONRR′

is —

CON(CH₃)₂, —

CON(CH₂CH₃)₂, —

CO(optionally substituted N-piperazinyl), —

CO(optionally substituted N-piperidinyl), —

CO(optionally substituted N-morpholinyl), —

CO(optionally substituted pyrrolidinyl), —

CO(N(H)optionally substituted pyrrolidinyl), optionally substituted pyrrolidinyl, or —

N(H)(optionally substituted pyrrolidinyl).

53. The compound of claim 33, wherein n is 0, or n is 1 and T is CH₂, —

CH₂CH₂—

, —

CO—

or —

SO₂.

54. The compound of claim 33, wherein wherein n is 0, or n is 1 and T is —

C(H)(CH₃)—

, or —

CH₂C(H)(CH₃).

55. The compound of one of claim 33, wherein n is 0, or n is 1 and T is CH₂, —

CH₂CH₂—

, —

CO—

or —

SO₂—

;

k is 0-3; and

each occurrence of QR^X is independently halogen, CN, NO₂, or an optionally substituted group selected from C_1-4alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, —

NRR′

, —

CH₂NRR′

, —

OR′

, —

CH₂OR′

, —

SR′

, —

CH₂SR′

, —

COOR′

, —

NRCOR′

, —

CONRR′

, —

SO₂R′

, NRSO₂R′

, or —

SO₂NRR′

.

71. A compound that is selected from:

72. A compound that is selected from:

73. A composition comprising a compound of formula I:

74. The composition of claim 73, wherein the compound is present in a therapeutically effective amount.

75. The composition of claim 73, wherein the compound is present in an amount to detectably inhibit GSK-3, SYK, Aurora-2, CDK-2, JAK-3, LCK, SRC, and/or Tec family protein kinase activity.

76. The composition of claim 73, further comprising an additional therapeutic agent selected from a chemotherapeutic or anti-proliferative agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive agent, a neurotrophic factor, an agent for treating cardiovascular disease, an agent for treating destructive bone disorders, an agent for treating liver disease, an anti-viral agent, an agent for treating blood disorders, an agent for treating diabetes, or an agent for treating immunodeficiency disorders.