Assembled battery charging method and battery charging system

• US 8,288,995 B2
• Filed: 12/22/2009
• Issued: 10/16/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 01/07/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: GS Yuasa International Ltd. (GS Yuasa Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Panasonic Corporation (Panasonic Holdings Corporation)
• Inventors: Jimbo, Hiroyuki, Murochi, Harumi, Kikuchi, Tomoya, Yoshihara, Yasuyuki
• Primary Examiner(s): WILLIAMS, ARUN C
• Application Number:
  US12/918,697
• Publication Number:
  US 20100327810A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,029 Days
• Field of Search: 320/126
• US Class Current: 320/126
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/26 for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/121 Valve regulated lead acid batteries [VRLA]
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/441 for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0018 using separate charge circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0071 with a programmable schedule
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/007182 in response to battery voltage
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The present invention provides a battery charging system that includes: an assembled battery, in which a plurality of secondary batteries are connected in parallel using valve-regulated lead-acid batteries in which separators impregnated with electrolyte are arranged between mutually opposed plate-like positive electrodes and negative electrodes; and a plurality of charging units that are provided corresponding to the respective secondary batteries and that charge the corresponding secondary battery, respectively, wherein each of the charging units executes multistage constant-current charging in which constant-current charging is repeated a preset plurality of times for supplying current of a prescribed set current value to each corresponding secondary battery until the terminal voltage of the each corresponding secondary battery reaches a prescribed charging cutoff voltage, and also the set current value is reduced each time the constant-current charging is repeated.

Claims

1. A battery charging system, comprising:

an assembled battery, in which a plurality of secondary batteries are connected in parallel using valve-regulated lead-acid batteries in which separators impregnated with electrolyte are arranged between mutually opposed plate-like positive electrodes and negative electrodes; and

a plurality of charging units that are provided corresponding to the respective secondary batteries and that charge the corresponding secondary battery, respectively, wherein

each of the charging units;

executes multistage constant-current charging in which constant-current charging is repeated a preset plurality of times for supplying current of a prescribed set current value to each corresponding secondary battery until the terminal voltage of the each corresponding secondary battery reaches a prescribed charging cutoff voltage, and also the set current value is reduced each time the constant-current charging is repeated.

2. The battery charging system according to claim 1, wherein the secondary batteries are configured by connecting a plurality of valve-regulated lead-acid batteries in series.

3. The battery charging system according to claim 1, wherein the length in the direction of gravity of portions covered with an active material in the positive electrodes and the negative electrodes is 100 mm or more.

4. The battery charging system according to claim 1, further comprising:

a plurality of temperature measurement units, which respectively measure the temperature of the secondary batteries; and

an applied electricity amount setting unit, which respectively set a total amount of electricity applied that is an amount of electricity supplied by each of the charging units to the corresponding secondary battery by executing the constant-current charging a plurality of times based on each temperature measured by each of the temperature measurement units during a preset setting period prior to the start of the multistage constant-current charging.

5. The battery charging system according to claim 4, wherein the applied electricity amount setting unit calculate, for each of the secondary batteries, an integrated value of each temperature measured by each of the temperature measurement units during the setting period, and set each total amount of electricity applied such that the total amount of electricity applied is decreased for the secondary battery having the larger integrated value.

6. The battery charging system according to claim 4, wherein the applied electricity amount setting unit acquire, for each of the secondary batteries, a maximum value of each temperature measured by each of the temperature measurement units during the setting period, and set each total amount of electricity applied such that the total amount of electricity applied is decreased for the secondary battery having the larger maximum value.

7. The battery charging system according to claim 4, further comprising a first storage unit that stores information indicating each temperature of each of the secondary batteries in correlation with information relating to the total amount of electricity applied, wherein

the applied electricity amount setting unit set each total amount of electricity applied according to the information relating to the total amount of electricity applied that is stored in the first storage unit in correlation with each temperature measured by each of the temperature measurement units.

8. The battery charging system according to claim 5, further comprising a first storage unit that stores the integrated values in correlation with information relating to the total amount of electricity applied, wherein

the applied electricity amount setting unit set each total amount of electricity applied according to the information relating to the total amount of electricity applied that is stored in the first storage unit in correlation with the integrated values such that the total amount of electricity applied is decreased for the secondary battery having the larger integrated value.

9. The battery charging system according to claim 6, further comprising a first storage unit that stores the maximum values in correlation with information relating to the total amount of electricity applied, wherein

the applied electricity amount setting unit set each total amount of electricity applied according to the information relating to the total amount of electricity applied that is stored in the first storage unit in correlation with the maximum values such that the total amount of electricity applied is decreased for the secondary battery having the larger maximum value.

10. The battery charging system according to claim 1, further comprising:

a temperature measurement unit that measures a temperature relating to the plurality of secondary batteries;

a temperature information storage unit that stores in advance temperature information indicating a relationship between the temperature to which each of the secondary batteries is exposed and the temperature measured by the temperature measurement unit; and

an applied electricity amount setting unit, which respectively set a total amount of applied electricity that is an amount of electricity supplied by each of the charging units to the corresponding secondary battery by executing the constant-current charging a plurality of times based on the temperature information stored in the temperature information storage unit and the temperature measured by the temperature measurement unit.

11. The battery charging system according to claim 10, wherein the temperature information is information that indicates, for each of the secondary batteries, a temperature difference between an actually measured temperature measured by the temperature measurement unit and the internal temperature of each of the secondary batteries, and

the applied electricity amount setting unit estimate, for a secondary battery that indicates an internal temperature higher than the actually measured temperature in the temperature information stored in the temperature information storage unit, the internal temperature of the secondary battery by adding a temperature difference indicated in the temperature information to an actually measured temperature measured by the temperature measuring unit, and estimate, for a secondary battery that indicates an internal temperature lower than the actually measured temperature in the temperature information stored in the temperature information storage unit, the internal temperature of the secondary battery by subtracting a temperature difference indicated in the temperature information from the actually measured temperature measured by the temperature measuring unit, and sets each total amount of electricity applied such that the total amount of electricity applied is decreased for the secondary battery having the higher estimated internal temperature.

12. The battery charging system according to claim 11, wherein the applied electricity amount setting unit set the total amount of electricity applied by decreasing the total amount of electricity applied by lowering the charging cutoff voltage, and increasing the total amount of electricity applied by raising the charging cutoff voltage, during the plurality of rounds of constant-current charging in multistage constant-current charging executed by each of the charging units.

13. The battery charging system according to claim 12, wherein the applied electricity amount setting unit calculate and set the charging cutoff voltage Ve using the following formula (A) when defining a full charging voltage at a reference temperature T0 preset for each of the secondary batteries as Vf, defining a temperature coefficient that represents the relationship between temperature and a full charging voltage as k, defining an actually measured temperature measured by the temperature measurement unit as Tr, and defining a temperature difference indicated by the temperature information as Td:

Ve=Vf−

k×

(Tr+Td−

T0) 

 

(A).

14. The battery charging system according to claim 5, wherein the applied electricity amount setting unit set the total amount of electricity applied by decreasing the total amount of electricity applied by lowering the charging cutoff voltage, and increasing the total amount of electricity applied by raising the charging cutoff voltage, during the plurality of rounds of constant-current charging in multistage constant-current charging executed by each of the charging units.

15. The battery charging system according to claim 4, wherein the setting period is a period from the end of the execution of the previous round of multistage constant-current charging until the multistage constant-current charging is newly started by each of the charging units.

16. The battery charging system according to claim 1, wherein each of the charging units continues the finally executed constant-current charging among the constant-current charging repeated during the multistage constant-current charging, for a prescribed supplemental charging time regardless of the terminal voltage of the secondary battery.

17. The battery charging system according to claim 5, wherein each of the charging units continues the finally executed constant-current charging among constant-current charging repeated during the multistage constant-current charging, for a prescribed supplemental charging time regardless of the terminal voltage of the secondary battery, and

the battery charging system further comprising a supplemental charging time correction unit that corrects each of the supplemental charging time used in each of the charging units such that the supplemental charging time becomes shorter as the integrated value calculated by the applied electricity amount setting unit for the secondary battery corresponding to each of the charging units increases.

18. The battery charging system according to claim 6, wherein each of the charging units continues the finally executed constant-current charging among constant-current charging repeated during the multistage constant-current charging, for a prescribed supplemental charging time regardless of the terminal voltage of the secondary battery, and

the battery charging system further comprising a supplemental charging time correction unit that corrects each of the supplemental charging time used in each of the charging units such that the supplemental charging time becomes shorter as a maximum value acquired by the applied electricity amount setting unit for the secondary battery corresponding to each of the charging units increases.

19. The battery charging system according to claim 11, wherein each of the charging units continues the finally executed constant-current charging among constant-current charging repeated during the multistage constant-current charging for a prescribed supplemental charging time regardless of the terminal voltage of the secondary battery, and

the battery charging system further comprising a supplemental charging time correction unit that corrects each of the supplemental charging time used in each of the charging units such that the supplemental charging time becomes shorter as an internal temperature estimated by the applied electricity amount setting unit rises.

20. The battery charging system according to claim 16, further comprising a timing unit that measures, for each of the secondary batteries, the duration of the initially executed constant-current charging among the constant-current charging repeated during the multistage constant-current charging,

a second storage unit that stores the duration of the initially executed constant-current charging for each of the secondary batteries in correlation with the amount of electricity applied that is required to fully charge a secondary battery to be charged,

a target applied electricity amount acquisition unit that acquires an amount of applied electricity stored in the second storage unit in correlation with the duration of the initially executed constant-current charging for each of the secondary batteries that is measured by the timing unit, as a target amount of electricity applied that is a target value of the amount of electricity applied that is to be supplied to each of the secondary batteries during the multistage constant-current charging,

an applied electricity amount detection unit that respectively detects the amount of electricity applied that is supplied to each of the secondary batteries by each of the charging units from the start of the multistage constant-current charging to prior to the start of the finally executed constant-current charging, and

a supplemental charging time calculation unit that calculates the supplemental charging time by dividing the difference between the target amount of electricity applied acquired by the target applied electricity amount acquisition unit and the amount of electricity applied that is detected by the applied electricity amount detection unit, by a set current value in the finally executed constant-current charging.

21. An assembled battery charging method for an assembled battery in which a plurality of secondary batteries are connected in parallel using valve-regulated lead-acid batteries in which separators impregnated with electrolyte are arranged between mutually opposed plate-like positive electrodes and negative electrodes, comprising:

a charging step of executing, by a plurality of charging units provided corresponding to the respective secondary batteries, multistage constant-current charging by repeating constant-current charging a preset plurality of times for supplying current of a prescribed set current value to each corresponding secondary battery until the terminal voltage of the each corresponding secondary battery reaches a prescribed charging cutoff voltage, and also by reducing the set current value each time the constant-current charging is repeated.

22. The assembled battery charging method according to claim 21, further comprising:

a temperature measurement step of respectively measuring the temperature of the secondary batteries during a preset setting period prior to the start of the multistage constant-current charging; and

an applied electricity amount setting step of respectively setting a total amount of electricity applied that is an amount of electricity supplied by each of the charging units to the corresponding secondary battery by executing the constant-current charging a plurality of times based on each temperature measured in the temperature measurement step.

23. The assembled battery charging method according to claim 21, further comprising:

a temperature measurement step of measuring a temperature relating to the plurality of secondary batteries;

a temperature information storage step of storing in advance temperature information indicating a relationship between the temperature to which each of the secondary batteries is exposed and the temperature measured in the temperature measurement step; and

an applied electricity amount setting step of respectively setting a total amount of applied electricity that is an amount of electricity supplied by each of the charging units to the corresponding secondary battery by executing the constant-current charging a plurality of times based on temperature information stored in the temperature information storage step and the temperature measured in the temperature measurement step.

24. The assembled battery charging method according to claim 21, further comprising:

a supplemental charging step of continuing finally executed constant-current charging among constant-current charging repeated during multistage constant-current charging in the charging step, for a prescribed supplemental charging time regardless of the terminal voltage of the secondary battery.