Energetic material detector

• US 8,292,496 B1
• Filed: 11/14/2007
• Issued: 10/23/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 07/27/2005
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: L-3 Communications Security & Detection Systems, Inc. (Leidos Holdings, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: L-3 Communications CyTerra Corporation (L3Harris Technologies, Inc.)
• Inventors: Fine, David H., Bromberg, Edward E. A., Christiansen, Sean C., Konduri, Ravi K., Solomon, Geoffrey, Bullock, Steven
• Primary Examiner(s): Caputo, Lisa
• Assistant Examiner(s): WILLIAMS, JAMEL E
• Application Number:
  US11/940,152
• Time in Patent Office: 1,805 Days
• Field of Search: 374/8
• US Class Current: 374/8
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 1/2273 Atmospheric sampling
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2001/022 sampling for security purposes, e.g. contraband, warfare agents
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2001/028 Sampling from a surface, swabbing, vaporising
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/227 Explosives, e.g. combustive properties thereof detecting explosives in air G01N33/0057

Abstract

In one general aspect, a sample area is energized. A thermal energy status of the sample area is monitored. The thermal energy status including at least one of a radiant energy and a temperature. A thermal signature of a region included in the sample area is determined based on the thermal energy status of the region. The thermal signature is analyzed to determine whether explosive particles are included in the region.

Claims

1. A method of detecting explosive materials, the method comprising:

energizing a sample area in an atmosphere that comprises ambient oxygen, the energizing being sufficient to initiate anaerobic decomposition of explosive particles;

monitoring a thermal energy status of the sample area, the thermal energy status including at least one of a radiant energy and a temperature; and

analyzing the thermal energy status of the sample area to determine whether explosive particles are included in a region included in the sample area.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein:

monitoring a thermal energy status of the sample area comprises monitoring the sample area with a thermal detector and detecting radiant energy released from the sample area, and

a region included in the sample area comprises a region imaged by a pixel of the thermal detector.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring a thermal energy status of the sample area includes monitoring at least one of radiant energy or temperature released from exothermic decomposition of particles.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein energizing the sample area includes resistively heating the sample area and applying a current through a conductive collection material.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein applying a current through a conductive collection material includes applying a current through a metal mesh.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein applying a current through a conductive collection material includes applying one or more of a step current and a ramp current.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein energizing the sample area includes radiatively heating the sample area.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein radiatively heating the sample area includes radiatively heating the sample area from a distance outside an area adjacent to the device used to radiatively heat the sample area.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein radiatively heating the sample area comprises radiatively heating the sample area using a laser or a lamp.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein energizing the sample area comprises heating the sample area at a rate between about 300°

C./second and 400°

C./second.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring the thermal energy status of the sample area comprises monitoring the thermal energy status of the region, and further comprising determining a thermal signature of the region included in the sample area based on the thermal energy status of the region.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein:

a value of the thermal signature includes an increase during a first time period and a decrease during a second time period, and

determining whether explosive particles are included in the region comprises determining whether the thermal signature includes the increase during the first time period and the decrease during the second time period.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the first time period occurs before the second time period.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein determining the thermal signature of the region included in the sample area comprises determining the time rate of change of the thermal energy status of the region.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein determining the thermal signature of the region included in the sample area further comprises:

determining the average monitored thermal energy status of the sample area at a time, and

subtracting the average monitored thermal energy status at the time from the thermal energy status of the region before determining the time rate of change of the thermal energy status of the region.

16. The method of claim 11, wherein analyzing the thermal energy status to determine whether explosive particles are included in the region comprises determining that explosive particles are included in the region and further comprising:

determining one or more characteristics of the thermal signature;

comparing at least one of the one or more characteristics of the thermal signature to characteristics of known thermal signatures; and

classifying the thermal signature based on the comparison after determining that explosive particles are included in the region.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein determining one or more characteristics of the thermal signature includes analyzing the thermal signature to determine a heat of decomposition of the explosive particles.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein determining one or more characteristics of the thermal signature includes analyzing the thermal signature to determine an activation energy of the explosive particles.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein classifying the thermal signature based on the comparison comprises identifying the one or more explosive particles as a particular explosive material.

20. The method of claim 16, wherein classifying the thermal signature based on the comparison comprises identifying the one or more explosive particles as belonging to a class of explosive materials.

21. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

determining, based on the analyzed thermal energy status, that one or more explosive materials are included in the sample area;

comparing the thermal signature to known thermal signatures after determining that the sample area includes explosive materials;

determining whether the known thermal signatures includes the thermal signature; and

if a determination is made that the known thermal signatures do not include the thermal signature, storing the thermal signature as one of the known thermal signatures.

22. The method of claim 11, wherein analyzing the thermal energy status to determine whether explosive particles are included in the region comprises:

determining one or more characteristics of the thermal signature;

comparing at least one of the one or more characteristics of the thermal signature to characteristics of known thermal signatures; and

classifying the thermal signature based on the comparison.

29. The method of claim 14, further comprising:

applying a filter to data representing the time rate of change of the thermal energy status of the region; and

identifying an endotherm and an exotherm in the filtered data.

23. A system for detecting explosive materials, the system comprising:

a sample energizer configured to energize a sample area in an atmosphere that comprises ambient oxygen, the sample energizer configured to produce energy sufficient to initiate anaerobic decomposition of an explosive particle;

a sensor configured to monitor a thermal energy status of the sample area, the thermal energy status including at least one of a radiant energy and a temperature; and

an electronic processor configured to;

determine the presence of explosive particles based on the thermal energy status of the region.

24. The system of claim 23, wherein monitoring the thermal energy status of the sample area comprises monitoring the thermal energy status of the region, and the processor is further configured to determine a thermal signature of the region included in the sample area, the determination being based on the thermal energy status of the region.

25. The system of claim 24, wherein:

a value of the thermal signature includes an increase during a first time period and a decrease during a second time period, and

the analyzing device is configured to determine the presence of explosive particles based on characteristics of the thermal signature by determining whether the thermal signature includes the increase during the first time period and the decrease in the thermal energy status during the second time period.

26. The system of claim 24, wherein determining the thermal signature of a region included in the sample area comprises determining the time rate of change of the thermal energy status of the region.

27. The system of claim 24, wherein the electronic processor is further configured to:

determine, based on the analyzed thermal signature, that one or more explosive materials are included in the sample area;

determine one or more characteristics of the thermal signature;

compare characteristics of the thermal signature to a library of characteristics of known thermal signatures; and

classify the thermal signature based on the comparison.

33. The system of claim 23, wherein the sample area comprises at least a portion of a reusable collection material that is configured to hold particles, and further comprising:

a housing defining an opening configured to receive the reuseable collection material that is configured to hold particles.

34. The system of claim 33, wherein the electronic processor is further configured to:

determine a thermal signature of a region included in the sample area based on the monitored thermal energy status.

28. A computer program product tangibly embodied on a computer-readable medium, the computer program product including instructions that, when executed, cause a thermal signature analysis component to perform operations comprising:

energizing a sample area in an atmosphere that comprises ambient oxygen, the energizing being sufficient to initiate anaerobic decomposition of an explosive particle;

monitoring a thermal energy status of the sample area, the thermal energy status including at least one of a radiant energy and a temperature; and

analyzing the thermal energy status of the sample area to determine whether explosive particles are included in the region.

30. A method of detecting explosive materials, the method comprising:

energizing a sample area;

monitoring a thermal energy status of the sample area, the thermal energy status including at least one of a radiant energy and a temperature;

determining a thermal signature of a region included in the sample area based on a thermal energy status of the region; and

analyzing the thermal signature to determine whether explosive particles are included in the region,

wherein energizing the sample area includes radiatively heating the sample area.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein radiatively heating the sample area includes radiatively heating the sample area from a distance outside an area adjacent to the device used to radiatively heat the sample area.

32. The method of claim 30, wherein radiatively heating the sample area comprising radiatively heating the sample area using a laser.