Method and apparatus for establishing low frequency/ultra low frequency and very low frequency communications
First Claim
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1. A method for generating electromagnetic waves in the ELF/ULF comprising the step of:
- using a ground-based horizontal electric dipole antenna to send electromagnetic pulses upwardly in the E-region of the ionosphere to form an oscillatory or pulsed electric field, the oscillatory or pulsed electric field interacting with magnetized plasma of the lower ionosphere to generate oscillatory or pulsed horizontal and vertical currents which have an associated electric dipole moment, the oscillatory or pulsed horizontal and vertical currents radiating in the earth-ionosphere waveguide.
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Abstract
A method for generating electromagnetic waves in the ELF/ULF comprising the steps of using a ground-based Horizontal Electric Dipole (HED) antenna to send electromagnetic pulses upwardly in the E-region of the ionosphere to form an oscillatory or pulsed electric field; allowing said pulsed electric field to interact with magnetized plasma of the lower ionosphere to generate a pulsed horizontal and vertical current which have associated Horizontal and Vertical Electric Dipole moment; and allowing them to radiate.
109 Citations
27 Claims
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1. A method for generating electromagnetic waves in the ELF/ULF comprising the step of:
using a ground-based horizontal electric dipole antenna to send electromagnetic pulses upwardly in the E-region of the ionosphere to form an oscillatory or pulsed electric field, the oscillatory or pulsed electric field interacting with magnetized plasma of the lower ionosphere to generate oscillatory or pulsed horizontal and vertical currents which have an associated electric dipole moment, the oscillatory or pulsed horizontal and vertical currents radiating in the earth-ionosphere waveguide. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
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7. Apparatus for communicating from a ground-based transmitter at extra low frequencies to a receiver, comprising;
a ground-based transmitter having an antenna located near the magnetic equator of the earth, said transmitter transmitting extremely low frequency signals to said receiver, whereby the signal strength at said receiver is stronger than that associated with signals from an identical ground-based transmitter located at high geomagnetic latitudes. - View Dependent Claims (8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17)
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18. Apparatus for communicating from a ground-based transmitter at extra low frequencies to a receiver, comprising:
a ground-based transmitter having an antenna located near the magnetic equator of the earth, said transmitter transmitting extremely low frequency signals to said receiver, whereby the strength of said signals at said receiver is stronger than that associated with signals from an identical ground-based transmitter located at high geomagnetic latitudes, wherein said receiver is a subsurface receiver located in a subterranean location, whereby the received extra low frequency signals are detected at a significant distance from the surface due to the magnitude of said received extra low frequency signals. - View Dependent Claims (19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26)
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27. Apparatus for communicating from a ground-based transmitter at extra low frequencies to a receiver, comprising:
a ground-based transmitter having an antenna located near the magnetic equator of the earth, said transmitter transmitting extremely low frequency signals to said receiver, whereby the signal strength at said receiver is stronger than that associated with signals from an identical ground-based transmitter located at high geomagnetic latitudes, wherein said receiver is a sub-sea receiver, whereby the received extra low frequency signals are detected at a significant distance from the surface due to the magnitude of said received extra low frequency signals, and further including a submarine, said sub-sea receiver located on said submarine.
Specification