Methods for watermarking media data
First Claim
1. A method for encoding watermark information into media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain, the method comprising:
- dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples;
processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section;
grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections;
assigning a nominal bit value to each group according to a bit assignment rule, the bit assignment rule based on the energy values of the sections in the group;
assigning a watermark bit value to each group;
for each group, comparing the watermark bit value to the nominal bit value and, if the nominal bit value and the watermark bit value of the watermark information bit do not match, modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group such that re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group;
wherein assigning the nominal bit value to each group according to the bit assignment rule comprises;
categorizing each group into one of a plurality of categories according to a categorization rule; and
for each category, assigning a nominal zero bit value or a nominal one bit value to each group according to a unique category bit assignment rule associated with the category; and
wherein, for each category, the corresponding category bit assignment rule is based on relative differences between the energy values of sections that are adjacent to one another in the sample domain.
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Abstract
Methods are provided for encoding watermark information into media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain. The method involves: dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections; assigning a nominal bit value to each group according to a bit assignment rule, the bit assignment rule based on the energy values of the sections in the group; and assigning a watermark bit value to each group. The methods also involve, for each group, comparing the watermark bit value to the nominal bit value and, if the nominal bit value and the watermark bit value of the watermark information bit do not match, modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group such that re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group. The bit assignment rule may comprise: a categorization rule for categorizing each group into one of a plurality of categories; and for each category, a unique category bit assignment rule for assigning a nominal zero bit value or a nominal one bit value to each group.
60 Citations
43 Claims
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1. A method for encoding watermark information into media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain, the method comprising:
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dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections; assigning a nominal bit value to each group according to a bit assignment rule, the bit assignment rule based on the energy values of the sections in the group; assigning a watermark bit value to each group; for each group, comparing the watermark bit value to the nominal bit value and, if the nominal bit value and the watermark bit value of the watermark information bit do not match, modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group such that re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group; wherein assigning the nominal bit value to each group according to the bit assignment rule comprises; categorizing each group into one of a plurality of categories according to a categorization rule; and for each category, assigning a nominal zero bit value or a nominal one bit value to each group according to a unique category bit assignment rule associated with the category; and wherein, for each category, the corresponding category bit assignment rule is based on relative differences between the energy values of sections that are adjacent to one another in the sample domain. - View Dependent Claims (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 14, 28, 29, 42)
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2. A method for encoding watermark information into media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain, the method comprising:
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dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections; assigning a nominal bit value to each group according to a bit assignment rule, the bit assignment rule based on the energy values of the sections in the group; assigning a watermark bit value to each group; for each group, comparing the watermark bit value to the nominal bit value and, if the nominal bit value and the watermark bit value of the watermark information bit do not match, modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group such that re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group; wherein assigning the nominal bit value to each group according to the bit assignment rule comprises; categorizing each group into one of a plurality of categories according to a categorization rule; and for each category, assigning a nominal zero bit value or a nominal one bit value to each group according to a unique category bit assignment rule associated with the category; wherein each group comprises an ordered plurality of three or more sections, wherein first and second sections are adjacent to one another in the sample domain and a third section is adjacent to the second section in the sample domain, but spaced apart from the first section in the sample domain; and wherein, for each category, the corresponding category bit assignment rule is based on a difference between the energy values of the first and second sections relative to a difference between the energy values of the second and third sections. - View Dependent Claims (31, 43)
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3. A method for encoding watermark information into media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain, the method comprising:
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dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections; assigning a nominal bit value to each group according to a bit assignment rule, the bit assignment rule based on the energy values of the sections in the group; assigning a watermark bit value to each group; for each group, comparing the watermark bit value to the nominal bit value and, if the nominal bit value and the watermark bit value of the watermark information bit do not match, modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group such that re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group; wherein assigning the nominal bit value to each group according to the bit assignment rule comprises; categorizing each group into one of a plurality of categories according to a categorization rule; and for each category, assigning a nominal zero bit value or a nominal one bit value to each group according to a unique category bit assignment rule associated with the category; wherein each group comprises an ordered plurality of three or more sections, wherein first and second sections are adjacent to one another in the sample domain and a third section is adjacent to the second section in the sample domain, but spaced apart from the first section in the sample domain; and wherein, for each category, the category bit assignment rule is based on a slope between the energy values of the first and second sections relative to a slope between the energy values of the second and third sections.
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9. A method for encoding watermark information into media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain, the method comprising:
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dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections; assigning a nominal bit value to each group according to a bit assignment rule, the bit assignment rule based on the energy values of the sections in the group; assigning a watermark bit value to each group; for each group, comparing the watermark bit value to the nominal bit value and, if the nominal bit value and the watermark bit value of the watermark information bit do not match, modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group such that re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group; wherein assigning the nominal bit value to each group according to the bit assignment rule comprises; categorizing each group into one of a plurality of categories according to a categorization rule; and for each category, assigning a nominal zero bit value or a nominal one bit value to each group according to a unique category bit assignment rule associated with the category; and wherein modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group comprises incrementally modifying at least one of the one or more energy values until satisfying a termination condition, the termination condition based on the one or more energy values of the one or more corresponding sections in the group. - View Dependent Claims (10, 11, 40, 41)
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13. A method for encoding watermark information into media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain, the method comprising:
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dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections; assigning a nominal bit value to each group according to a bit assignment rule, the bit assignment rule based on the energy values of the sections in the group; assigning a watermark bit value to each group; for each group, comparing the watermark bit value to the nominal bit value and, if the nominal bit value and the watermark bit value of the watermark information bit do not match, modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group such that re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group; wherein grouping the sections into groups comprises defining the groups to overlap one another such that the adjacent groups in the sampling domain include one or more sections in common; and wherein modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group comprises avoiding modifying energy values of sections that are common to more than one group.
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15. A method for encoding watermark information into media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain, the method comprising:
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dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections; assigning a nominal bit value to each group according to a bit assignment rule, the bit assignment rule based on the energy values of the sections in the group; assigning a watermark bit value to each group; for each group, comparing the watermark bit value to the nominal bit value and, if the nominal bit value and the watermark bit value of the watermark information bit do not match, modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group such that re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group; wherein the watermark information comprises an index to a database record, the database record comprising additional information relating to the media data. - View Dependent Claims (39)
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16. A method for encoding watermark information into media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain, the method comprising:
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dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections; assigning a nominal bit value to each group according to a bit assignment rule, the bit assignment rule based on the energy values of the sections in the group; assigning a watermark bit value to each group; for each group, comparing the watermark bit value to the nominal bit value and, if the nominal bit value and the watermark bit value of the watermark information bit do not match, modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group such that re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group; wherein modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group comprises, for each section having a modified energy value, adjusting values of one or more of the corresponding plurality of samples. - View Dependent Claims (17, 18, 19, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38)
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20. A method for encoding watermark information into media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain, the method comprising:
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dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections; assigning a nominal bit value to each group according to a bit assignment rule, the bit assignment rule based on the energy values of the sections in the group; assigning a watermark bit value to each group; for each group, comparing the watermark bit value to the nominal bit value and, if the nominal bit value and the watermark bit value of the watermark information bit do not match, modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group such that re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group; wherein modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group comprises modifying a single energy value corresponding to a single section in the group; and wherein modifying the single energy value corresponding to the single section in the group comprises modifying the samples of the single section to distribute the modification of the single energy value of the single section evenly over the samples of the single section.
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21. A method for encoding watermark information into media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain, the method comprising:
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dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections; assigning a nominal bit value to each group according to a bit assignment rule, the bit assignment rule based on the energy values of the sections in the group; assigning a watermark bit value to each group; for each group, comparing the watermark bit value to the nominal bit value and, if the nominal bit value and the watermark bit value of the watermark information bit do not match, modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group such that re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group; wherein modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group comprises modifying a single energy value corresponding to a single section in the group; and wherein modifying the single energy value corresponding to the single section in the group comprises modifying the samples of the single section to distribute the modification of the single energy value of the single section unevenly over the samples of the single section. - View Dependent Claims (22, 23, 30)
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24. A method for encoding watermark information into media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain, the method comprising:
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dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections; assigning a nominal bit value to each group according to a bit assignment rule, the bit assignment rule based on the energy values of the sections in the group; assigning a watermark bit value to each group; for each group, comparing the watermark bit value to the nominal bit value and, if the nominal bit value and the watermark bit value of the watermark information bit do not match, modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group such that re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group; wherein modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group comprises modifying three or more energy values corresponding to three or more sections in the group; wherein modifying the three or more energy values corresponding to three or more sections in the group comprises repetitively incrementally modifying at least one of the three or more energy values until satisfying a termination condition, the termination condition based on the three or more energy values; and wherein repetitively incrementally modifying at least one of the three or more energy values comprises repetitively incrementally modifying a plurality of the energy values until satisfying one or more intermediate conditions, the one or more intermediate conditions based on two of the three or more energy values. - View Dependent Claims (25)
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26. A method for encoding watermark information into media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain, the method comprising:
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dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections; assigning a nominal bit value to each group according to a bit assignment rule, the bit assignment rule based on the energy values of the sections in the group; assigning a watermark bit value to each group; for each group, comparing the watermark bit value to the nominal bit value and, if the nominal bit value and the watermark bit value of the watermark information bit do not match, modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group such that re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group; wherein modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group comprises modifying three or more energy values corresponding to three or more sections in the group; wherein modifying the three or more energy values corresponding to three or more sections in the group comprises repetitively incrementally modifying at least one of the three or more energy values until satisfying a termination condition, the termination condition based on the three or more energy values; and wherein repetitively incrementally modifying at least one of the three or more energy values comprises modifying a first one of the three or more energy values when a corresponding intermediate condition is satisfied and modifying a second one of the three or more energy values regardless of whether the corresponding intermediate condition is satisfied. - View Dependent Claims (27)
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Specification