Downscan imaging sonar

• US 8,305,840 B2
• Filed: 07/14/2009
• Issued: 11/06/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 07/14/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Navico Incorporated (Brunswick Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Navico Incorporated (Brunswick Corporation)
• Inventors: Maguire, Brian T.
• Primary Examiner(s): Alsomiri, Isam
• Assistant Examiner(s): HULKA, JAMES R
• Application Number:
  US12/460,139
• Publication Number:
  US 20110013485A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,211 Days
• Field of Search: 367/88
• US Class Current: 367/88
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 15/89 for mapping or imaging
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 15/8902 Side-looking sonar
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 15/96 for locating fish
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/56 Display arrangements short-range imaging G01S7/52053
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49826 Assembling or joining

Abstract

A downscan imaging sonar utilizes a linear transducer element to provide improved images of the sea floor and other objects in the water column beneath a vessel. A transducer array may include a plurality of transducer elements and each one of the plurality of transducer elements may include a substantially rectangular shape configured to produce a sonar beam having a beamwidth in a direction parallel to longitudinal length of the transducer elements that is significantly less than a beamwidth of the sonar beam in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal length of the transducer elements. The plurality of transducer elements may be positioned such that longitudinal lengths of at least two of the plurality of transducer elements are parallel to each other. The plurality of transducer elements may also include at least a first linear transducer element, a second linear transducer element and a third linear transducer element. The first linear transducer element may be positioned within the housing to project sonar pulses from a first side of the housing in a direction substantially perpendicular to a centerline of the housing. The second linear transducer element may be positioned within the housing to lie in a plane with the first linear transducer element and project sonar pulses from a second side of the housing that is substantially opposite of the first side. The third linear transducer element may be positioned within the housing to project sonar pulses in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane.

Claims

1. A sonar assembly for imaging an underwater environment beneath a watercraft traveling on a surface of a body of water, the sonar assembly comprising:

a housing mountable to the watercraft;

a single linear downscan transducer element positioned within the housing, the linear downscan transducer element having a substantially rectangular shape configured to produce a fan-shaped sonar beam having a relatively narrow beamwidth in a direction parallel to a longitudinal length of the linear downscan transducer element and a relatively wide beamwidth in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal length of the transducer element, the linear downscan transducer element being positioned with the longitudinal length thereof extending in a fore-to-aft direction of the housing;

wherein the linear downscan transducer element is positioned within the housing to project fan-shaped sonar beams in a direction substantially perpendicular to a plane corresponding to the surface of the body of water, said sonar beams being repeatedly emitted so as to sequentially insonify different fan-shaped regions of the underwater environment as the watercraft travels; and

a sonar signal processor receiving signals representative of sonar returns resulting from each of the fan-shaped sonar beams and processing the signals to produce sonar image data for each fan-shaped region and to create an image of the underwater environment as a composite of images of the fan-shaped regions arranged in a progressive order corresponding to the travel of the watercraft.

2. The sonar assembly of claim 1, wherein the linear downscan transducer element is configured to operate at a selected one of at least two selectable operating frequencies.

3. The sonar assembly of claim 1, wherein the selectable operating frequencies include about 455 kHz and 800 kHz.

4. The sonar assembly of claim 1, wherein the beamwidth of the linear downscan transducer element is about 0.8 degrees by about 32 degrees or about 1.4 degrees by about 56 degrees.

5. The sonar assembly of claim 1, wherein the linear downscan transducer element is configured to communicate with a single transceiver.

6. The sonar assembly of claim 1, wherein a length of a rectangular face of the linear downscan transducer element is about 120 mm and a width of the rectangular face of the linear downscan transducer element is about 3 mm.

7. The sonar assembly of claim 1, wherein the housing is mountable to the watercraft such that the fan-shaped beam extends from one side of the watercraft to an opposite side of the watercraft.

8. The sonar assembly of claim 1, wherein the housing has a streamlined shape.

9. The sonar assembly of claim 1, wherein the beamwidth in the direction parallel to a longitudinal length of the linear downscan transducer element is less than about five percent as large as the beamwidth of the sonar beam in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal length of the linear downscan transducer element.

10. The sonar assembly of claim 1, wherein the linear downscan transducer element is configured to provide data displayable as sonar data images in which images corresponding to data received via the linear downscan transducer element provide data regarding bottom features over less than fifty percent of a display screen when displayed.

11. The sonar assembly of claim 1, wherein the linear downscan transducer element is configured to provide data displayable as sonar data images in which images corresponding to data received via the linear downscan transducer element provide data regarding bottom features over less than twenty percent of a display screen when displayed.

12. The sonar assembly of claim 1, wherein the linear downscan transducer element is configured to provide data displayable as sonar data images in which images corresponding to data received via the linear downscan transducer element provide data indicative of bottom depth.

13. The sonar assembly of claim 1, wherein the linear downscan transducer element is configured to provide data displayable as sonar data images in which images corresponding to data received via the linear downscan transducer element provide data indicative of water column features.

14. The sonar assembly of claim 1, wherein the linear downscan transducer element is configured to provide data displayable as sonar data images indicative of bottom data.

15. The sonar assembly of claim 1, wherein the linear downscan transducer element is configured to provide data displayable as sonar data images indicative of two or more of depth data water column data and bottom data.

16. The sonar assembly of claim 1, further comprising a circular transducer element positioned to project conical sonar pulses in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane corresponding to the surface.

17. The sonar assembly of claim 16, wherein the linear downscan and circular transducer elements are in the same housing.

18. The sonar assembly of claim 16, wherein the linear downscan transducer and circular transducer elements are positioned to project fan-shaped and conical sonar beams that at least partially overlap.

19. The sonar assembly of claim 16, wherein the sonar signal returns from the circular transducer element and linear downscan transducer element provide generally simultaneous data.

20. The sonar assembly of claim 1, wherein the linear downscan transducer element is configured to emit fan-shaped sonar beams as well to receive echo returns and convert sound energy of the echo returns into electrical signals.

21. The sonar assembly of claim 1, wherein the housing is mounted to the watercraft.

22. The sonar assembly of claim 1, wherein the linear downscan transducer element is configured to produce a generally planar fan-shaped beam.

23. A sonar system for imaging an underwater environment beneath a watercraft traveling on a surface of a body of water, the sonar system comprising:

a single linear downscan transducer element positioned within a housing that is mountable to the watercraft, the linear downscan transducer element having a substantially rectangular shape configured to produce a fan-shaped sonar beam having a relatively narrow beamwidth in a direction parallel to longitudinal length of the linear downscan transducer element and a relatively wide beamwidth in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal length of the transducer element, the linear downscan transducer element being positioned with the longitudinal length thereof extending in a fore-to-aft direction of the housing;

wherein the linear downscan transducer element is positioned to project fan-shaped sonar beams in a direction substantially perpendicular to a plane corresponding to the surface of the body of water, said sonar beams being repeatedly emitted so as to sequentially insonify different fan-shaped regions of the underwater environment as the watercraft travels;

a sonar module configured to enable operable communication with the linear downscan transducer element, the sonar module including;

a sonar signal processor to process sonar return signals, and

at least one transceiver configured to provide communication between the linear downscan transducer element and the sonar signal processor;

the sonar signal processor receiving signals representative of sonar returns resulting from each of the fan-shaped sonar beams and processing the signals to produce sonar image data for each fan-shaped region and to create an image of the underwater environment as a composite of images of the fan-shaped regions arranged in a progressive order corresponding to the travel of the watercraft.

24. The sonar system of claim 23, wherein the sonar module further comprises an Ethernet hub in communication with the signal processor.

25. The sonar system of claim 23, wherein the sonar module is provided within a separate housing.

26. The sonar system of claim 23, further comprising at least one visual display presenting the image.

27. The sonar system of claim 26, wherein the display and the sonar module are in the same housing.

28. The sonar system of claim 26, wherein at least one display of the plurality of displays is enabled to simultaneously provide different images representing different information from the processed sonar return signals.

29. The sonar system of claim 23, wherein the sonar module further comprises configuration settings defining a predefined set of display images that may be presented.

30. The sonar system of claim 23, wherein the linear downscan transducer element is configured to operate at a selected one of at least two selectable operating frequencies.

31. The sonar system of claim 23, wherein the selectable operating frequencies include about 455 kHz and 800 kHz.

32. The sonar system of claim 23, wherein the housing is mountable to the watercraft such that the fan-shaped beam extends from one side of the watercraft to an opposite side of the watercraft.

33. The sonar system of claim 23, wherein the sonar signal processor is configured to display images of sonar data in which images corresponding to data received via the linear downscan transducer element provide data regarding bottom features over less than fifty percent of a display screen when displayed.

34. The sonar system of claim 23, wherein the sonar signal processor is configured to display images of sonar data corresponding to data received via the linear downscan transducer element representing bottom data.

35. The sonar system of claim 23, wherein the sonar signal processor is configured to display images of sonar data corresponding to data received via the linear downscan transducer element representing water column data.

36. The sonar system of claim 23, wherein the sonar signal processor is configured to display images of sonar data corresponding to data received via the linear downscan transducer element representing depth data.

37. The sonar system of claim 23, wherein the sonar signal processor is configured to display images of sonar data corresponding to data received via the linear downscan transducer element representing two or more of depth data, water column data and bottom data.

38. The sonar system of claim 23, wherein the sonar signal processor is configured to display images of sonar data corresponding to data received via the linear downscan transducer element representing data vertically below the linear transducer element.

39. The sonar system of claim 23, further comprising a circular transducer element producing a conical downscan beam.

40. The sonar system of claim 39, wherein the fan-shaped sonar beams from the linear downscan transducer element and the sonar pulses from the circular transducer element insonify areas of the bottom that at least partially overlap.

41. The sonar system of claim 39, wherein the sonar signal returns from the circular transducer element and linear downscan downscan element provide generally simultaneous data.

42. The sonar system of claim 23, further comprising a circular transducer element producing a conical downscan beam from within the housing.

43. The sonar system of claim 23, further comprising sources of data from at least one of the group of radar, GPS, digital mapping, time and temperature.

44. The sonar system of claim 43, wherein a display format for display of the data is in a user selectable format.

45. The sonar system of claim 23, wherein the linear downscan transducer element is configured to emit fan-shaped sonar beams as well to receive echo returns and convert sound energy of the echo returns into electrical signals.

46. The sonar system of claim 23, further comprising a display in communication with the sonar module.

47. The sonar system of claim 46, wherein the sonar module and display communicate with each other via a network.

48. The sonar system of claim 46, further comprising at least one additional display in communication with the sonar module.

49. The sonar system of claim 46, further comprising a user interface in communication with the sonar module and configured to receive an input from a user.

50. The sonar system of claim 49, wherein the display, the sonar signal processor, and the user interface are all contained in a single housing.

51. The sonar system of claim 49, wherein the user interface is part of the display.

52. The sonar system of claim 46, wherein the linear downscan transducer element, the transceiver, and the display respectively comprise at least two separate modules.

53. The sonar system of claim 46, wherein the sonar signal processor is further configured to implement signal processing or enhancement to improve display characteristics.

54. The sonar system of claim 46, wherein the sonar signal processor is further configured to process GPS information.

55. The sonar system of claim 46, wherein the sonar signal processor is further configured to process waypoint designations.

56. The sonar system of claim 46, wherein the sonar signal processor is further configured to process time data.

57. The sonar system of claim 46, wherein the sonar signal processor is further configured to process temperature data.

58. The sonar system of claim 46, wherein the sonar signal processor is further configured to implement a notice or alarm regarding depth.

59. The sonar system of claim 46, wherein the sonar signal processor is further configured to implement a notice or alarm regarding presence of fish.

60. The sonar system of claim 46, wherein the sonar signal processor is further configured to implement a notice or alarm regarding proximity of other watercraft.

61. The sonar system of claim 46, wherein the processor, in combination with a memory, stores incoming transducer data or screen images for future playback or transfer.

62. The sonar system of claim 46, wherein the sonar signal processor is further configured to perform additional processing to implement zoom.

63. The sonar system of claim 46, wherein the sonar signal processor is further configured to perform additional processing to correlate sonar data to a GPS position.

64. The sonar system of claim 23, wherein the housing containing the linear downscan transducer element is mounted to the watercraft.

65. The sonar system of claim 23, wherein the housing containing the linear downscan transducer element is mounted on an intermediate structure that in turn is mounted to the watercraft.

66. The sonar system of claim 23, wherein the housing containing the linear downscan transducer element has a streamlined profile.

67. The sonar system of claim 23, wherein the housing containing the linear downscan transducer element is mounted on an accessory on the watercraft enabling the fan-shaped beam to assume various orientations with respect to the watercraft.

68. The sonar system of claim 23, further comprising a display in communication with the sonar module, and wherein the system is configured to indicate a position of the watercraft on the display.

69. The sonar system of claim 23, further comprising a display in communication with the sonar module, and wherein the system is configured to indicate water depth on the display.

70. The sonar system of claim 23, further comprising a second transducer positioned and configured to produce a conical sonar beam directed downwardly from the watercraft, wherein the system further includes a display in communication with the sonar module, and wherein the system is configured to indicate on the display an intensity of a return echo received from the conical sonar beam.

71. The sonar system of claim 70, wherein the linear downscan transducer element and the second transducer are both contained in the housing.

72. The sonar system of claim 70, wherein the linear downscan transducer element and the second transducer operate at different respective frequencies.

73. A sonar imaging apparatus comprising:

a housing mountable to a watercraft that traverses a surface of a body of water, the watercraft defining a center plane that extends from fore to aft and that is perpendicular to the surface of the body of water;

a linear transducer element positioned within the housing, the linear transducer element being configured to produce a fan-shaped sonar beam having a longitudinal beamwidth in a direction parallel to a longitudinal length of the linear transducer element that is significantly less than a transverse beamwidth of the sonar beam in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal length of the transducer element;

wherein the housing is configured for mounting to the watercraft such that the longitudinal length of the linear transducer element is parallel to said center plane, and

wherein the transverse beamwidth of the sonar beam is sufficiently wide in relation to a direction in which the linear transducer element is aimed such that the transverse beamwidth spans from a port side of said center plane to a starboard side of said center plane, said fan-shaped sonar beam being repeatedly emitted so as to sequentially insonify different fan-shaped regions of an underwater environment beneath the watercraft as the watercraft travels across the surface of the water; and

a sonar signal processor receiving signals representative of sonar returns resulting from each of the fan-shaped sonar beams and processing the signals to produce sonar image data for each fan-shaped region and to create an image of the underwater environment as a composite of images of the fan-shaped regions arranged in a progressive order corresponding to the travel of the watercraft.