Reduction of echo decorrelation facilitating motion estimation

• US 8,306,293 B2
• Filed: 05/15/2009
• Issued: 11/06/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 05/15/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: University of Virginia Patent Foundation (University of Virginia)
• Original Assignee: University of Virginia Patent Foundation (University of Virginia)
• Inventors: Walker, William F., Viola, Francesco, Mauldin, William F. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Chang, Joseph
• Application Number:
  US12/467,216
• Publication Number:
  US 20090304246A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,271 Days
• Field of Search: 382/128, 382/260
• US Class Current: 382/128
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/58 Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/89 for mapping or imaging
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 15/58 Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems velocity measurement in imaging systems G01S15/8979
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 15/8977 using special techniques for image reconstruction, e.g. FFT, geometrical transformations, spatial deconvolution, time deconvolution
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 15/8979 Combined Doppler and pulse-echo imaging systems
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 15/8981 Discriminating between fixed and moving objects or between objects moving at different speeds, e.g. wall clutter filter
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/52034 Data rate converters
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/52042 determining elastic properties of the propagation medium or of the reflective target diagnostic techniques involving the measurement of strain A61B8/485
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/52046 Techniques for image enhancement involving transmitter or receiver image enhancement by image data processing G06T5/00
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 18/2135 based on approximation criteria, e.g. principal component analysis
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2218/04 Denoising

Abstract

Methods systems and computer readable media are provided for extracting information pertaining to at least one moving target. A set of signal data are inputted to a principal components processor, wherein the set of signal data comprise signal data corresponding to at least one waveform acquired from the at least one moving target. A complex representation of the set of signal data is formed and, using a principal components processor, at least one complex principal component of the complex representation is calculated. At least one of the calculated complex principal components is automatically selected and each of the at least one automatically selected complex principal component is applied to extract information about the at least one moving target. Methods systems and computer readable media are provided extracting information pertaining to at least one moving target. A set of signal data comprising signal data corresponding to at least one waveform acquired from the at least one moving target are inputted to a principal components processor. A complex representation of the set of signal data is formed, and at least one complex principal component of the complex representation is calculated. An estimated value of a physical characteristic of the at least one moving, target is then calculated, using a phase of at least one of the at least one complex principal components.

Claims

1. A method of extracting information pertaining to at least one moving target, said method comprising:

inputting to a principal components processor, a set of signal data comprising signal data corresponding to at least one waveform acquired from said at least one moving target;

forming a complex representation of said set of signal data;

windowing the signal data to provide a windowed substantially statistically-stationary complex representation;

calculating, using a principal components processor, at least one complex principal component of said windowed substantially statistically-stationary complex representation;

automatically selecting at least one of said at least one complex principal components; and

applying each of said at least one automatically selected complex principal component to extract information about said at least one moving target.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the calculating, using a principal components processor, the at least one complex principal component of said windowed substantially statistically-stationary complex representation includes determining a sample covariance of a mean-reduced complex representation of the signal data.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein said automatically selecting selects one complex principal component, wherein said one complex principal component is a most energetic principal component of all of said at least one complex principal components.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein a single complex principal component is automatically selected, said single complex principal component being a second most energetic principal component of all of said at least one complex principal components.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein a single complex principal component is automatically selected based on a phase shift property.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein said forming a complex representation is performed prior to said inputting a set of signal data, and wherein said inputting a set of signal data comprises inputting said set of signal data as said complex representation of said set of signal data.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein said automatically selecting and said applying reduce echo decorrelation for motion estimation.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein said applying comprises calculating one or more of time delay estimation values or phase delay estimation values based on said at least one selected principal component, relative to reference signals;

and

outputting motion estimation results based on said one or more of time delay estimation values or phase delay estimation values.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein said signal data comprises signal data from echoes reflected off said moving target from a plurality of different depths measured along a beam axis along which the waves are emitted from a transducer, and wherein said calculating principal components and said calculating time delay estimation values are performed for said signal data at a first depth of said plurality of depths, said method further comprising:

repeating said calculating principal components and said calculating time delay estimation values for signal data at another depth different from said first depth.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein said motion estimation is used in performing sonorheometery.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein said signal data is transduced from ultrasonic waves.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein said method comprises estimating blood velocity in a patient.

13. The method of claim 1 wherein said method is used in performing ultrasonic elastography.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein said inputting signal data is performed in real time using signal data transduced from waves reflected off or emitted from a moving target, and said method is performed in real time.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein said signal data is inputted from a computer memory storing said signal data generated from waves reflected off or emitted from a moving target.

16. A method of extracting information pertaining to at least one moving target, said method comprising:

inputting to a principal components processor, a set of signal data comprising signal data corresponding to at least one waveform acquired from said at least one moving target;

forming a complex representation of said set of signal data;

windowing the signal data to provide a windowed substantially statistically-stationary complex representation;

calculating, using a principal components processor, at least one complex principal component of said windowed substantially statistically-stationary complex representation; and

calculating an estimated value of a physical characteristic of said at least one moving target, using a phase of at least one of said at least one complex principal components.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein said physical characteristic is velocity.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the calculating, using a principal components processor, the at least one complex principal component of said windowed substantially statistically-stationary complex representation includes determining a sample covariance of a mean-reduced complex representation of the signal data.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein estimated values of said physical characteristic arc calculated, using a phase of at least two of said at least one complex principal components.

20. The method of claim 16, comprising automatically selecting at least one of said at least one complex principal component for use in said calculating an estimated value.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein a single complex principal component is automatically selected.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein said single complex principal component is automatically selected based on a phase shift property.

23. The method of claim 16, wherein said forming a complex representation is performed prior to said inputting a set of signal data, and wherein said inputting a set of signal data comprises inputting said set of signal data as said complex representation of said set of signal data.

24. The method of claim 16, wherein said signal data is transduced from ultrasonic waves.

25. The method of claim 16, wherein said estimated value is an estimated value used for motion estimation.

27. The method of claim 16, wherein said method comprises estimating blood velocity in a patient.

28. The method of claim 16, wherein said method is used in performing ultrasonic elastography.

29. The method of claim 16, wherein said inputting signal data is performed in real time using signal data transduced from waves reflected off or emitted from a moving target, and said method is performed in real time.

30. The method of claim 16, wherein said signal data is inputted from a computer memory storing said signal data generated from waves reflected off or emitted from a moving target.

26. The method of 25, wherein said motion estimation is used in performing sonorheometry.

31. A system for reducing echo decorrelation for a moving target, said system comprising:

a computer including an input device configured to input signal data to said computer,

a processor configured to transform the signal data from real data to complex data having an imaginary component, to window the complex data to provide windowed substantially statistically-stationary complex data, to automatically calculate at least one principal component of said windowed substantially statistically-stationary complex data, to automatically select at least one calculated principal component, and to extract parameters from said at least one automatically selected principal component to estimate a property of the target.

32. The system of claim 31, wherein said property comprises motion.

33. The system of claim 31, further comprising

an output device configured to receive signals from said processor and to output property estimate results.

34. The system of claim 31, further comprising an array of transducers configured to receive said input signal data and to input said input signal data to said computer.

35. The system of claim 34, wherein said array of transducers is further configured to emit signals toward an object, wherein the emitted signals reflect off said object and are received by said array of transducers.

36. The system of claim 31, wherein the processor is configured to automatically calculate at least one principal component of said windowed substantially statistically-stationary complex data via determining a sample covariance of a mean-reduced complex representation of the signal data.

37. A computer readable medium that provides instructions, which when executed on a processor, cause the processor to perform a method comprising:

accessing a set of signal data, wherein said signal data is generated from waves reflected off or emitted from a moving target;

forming a complex representation of said set of signal data;

windowing the complex representation of the set of signal data to provide a windowed substantially statistically-stationary complex representation;

calculating, using a principal components processor, at least one complex principal component of said windowed substantially statistically-stationary complex representation including determining a sample covariance of a mean-reduced complex representation of the signal data;

automatically selecting at least one of said at least one complex principal components; and

applying each of said at least one automatically selected complex principal component to extract information about said at least one moving target.

38. A computer readable medium that provides instructions, which when executed on a processor, cause the processor to perform a method comprising:

accessing a set of signal data, wherein said signal data is generated from waves reflected off or emitted from a moving target;

forming a complex representation of said set of signal data;

windowing the complex representation of the set of signal data to provide a windowed substantially statistically-stationary complex representation;

calculating, using a principal components processor, at least one complex principal component of said windowed substantially statistically-stationary complex representation including determining a sample covariance of a mean-reduced complex representation of the signal data; and

calculating an estimated value of a physical characteristic of said at least one moving target, using a phase of at least one of said at least one complex principal components.