Methods and systems for distributing solar energy charging capacity to a plurality of electric vehicles

• US 8,321,296 B2
• Filed: 04/08/2011
• Issued: 11/27/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 04/08/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: General Electric Company
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Ansari, Adil, Caird, Kenneth James
• Primary Examiner(s): FADOK, MARK A
• Application Number:
  US13/082,448
• Publication Number:
  US 20120259723A1
• Time in Patent Office: 599 Days
• Field of Search: 700/286, 700/291, 700/295, 705/26.3
• US Class Current: 705/26.3
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/63 in response to network capacity
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00002 characterised by monitoring
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/22 The renewable source being solar energy
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/24 of photovoltaic origin
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/48 for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/008 involving trading of energy or energy transmission rights
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/381 Dispersed generators
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00036 Charger exchanging data with battery
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00045 Authentication, i.e. circuits for checking compatibility between one component, e.g. a battery or a battery charger, and another component, e.g. a power source
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00047 with provisions for charging different types of batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0013 acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially H02J7/1423 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00712 the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/35 with light sensitive cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/30 Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/56 Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/00 Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 : Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/167 : Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/126 : the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/221 : General power management systems
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 30/12 : Remote or cooperative charging
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 30/14 : Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing

Abstract

A method of distributing charge capacity to electric vehicles in a charging system that includes a solar charge capacity generated locally. The method may include: determining a requested charge for the plurality of electric vehicles, calculating a requested charge time, the solar charge capacity comprising the total charging capacity of the charging system via solar generated energy; calculating a charge time capacity, the charge time capacity comprising the available charge time of the charging system; comparing the requested charge to the solar charge capacity; comparing the requested charge time to the charge time capacity; and if it is determined that either the requested charge is greater than the solar charge capacity or the requested charge time is greater than the charge time capacity, auctioning the solar charge capacity to operators of the plurality of electric vehicles.

Claims

1. A method of distributing charge capacity to a plurality of electric vehicles in a charging system that includes a solar charge capacity that is generated locally from solar energy, the method comprising at least one processor executing instructions for performing the steps of:

determining a requested charge for the plurality of electric vehicles, the requested charge comprising the total energy required to charge the batteries of the plurality of electric vehicles from a current state-of-charge to a desired state-of-charge;

calculating a requested charge time, the requested charge time comprising the total charging time required to charge the batteries of the plurality of electric vehicles from the current state-of-charge to the desired state-of-charge;

calculating the solar charge capacity, the solar charge capacity comprising the total charging capacity of the charging system via the locally generated solar energy;

calculating a charge time capacity, the charge time capacity comprising the available charge time of the charging system;

comparing the requested charge to the solar charge capacity;

comparing the requested charge time to the charge time capacity; and

when a capacity shortage is determined via a finding that the requested charge is greater than the solar charge capacity or the requested charge time is greater than the charge time capacity, auctioning the solar charge capacity to operators of the plurality of electric vehicles.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of grouping the plurality of electric vehicles into an auction group based on a predetermined criterion;

wherein the step of auctioning the solar charge capacity comprises auctioning the solar charge capacity to the auction group.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the predetermined criterion by which the electric vehicles are grouped comprised the time at which the electric vehicles arrived at the charging system, wherein the electric vehicles are grouped within an auction group based upon whether each electric vehicle arrived at the charging system within a predetermined window of time;

and

wherein the charge time capacity calculation is based upon the hours of operation of the charging system, the number of charging stations at the charging system, and an availability for charging for each of the electric vehicles within the auction group.

4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising a step of registering each of the electric vehicles;

wherein, for each electric vehicle, registration includes collecting operator specified charging deadlines that indicate the time period in which the electric vehicle is available for charging; and

wherein the charge time capacity calculation includes taking into account the operator specified charging deadlines.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the registration step includes collecting the following types of information for each of the electric vehicles in the auction group:

a battery type used by the electric vehicle, charging characteristics for the battery type, payment information from the operator, the current state-of-charge, the desired state-of-charge, and communication information for the operator; and

wherein the communication information includes at least a manner in which the operator may be contacted and a manner by which the operator plans to submit bids during the auctioning step.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the communication information includes at least one of an email address and a number to a smart phone.

7. The method according to claim 2, wherein the step of auctioning the solar charge capacity includes soliciting bids from each of the operators of the electric vehicles within the auction group;

and wherein the bids relate to a price per unit of energy from the solar charge capacity.

8. The method according to claim 2, wherein a system operator for the charging system defines a maximum desired state-of-charge that is less than a full charge level for each battery to be charged.

9. The method according to claim 8, further comprising the steps of:

asking the operators of the electric vehicles if they want to pay an increased fee to exceed the maximum desired state-of-charge; and

permitting only those operators who opt to pay this increased fee the ability to charge the battery of their electric vehicles beyond the level of the maximum desired state-of-charge.

10. The method according to claim 2, wherein the step of auctioning the solar charge capacity includes soliciting bids from each of the operators of the electric vehicles within the auction group;

and wherein the bids relate to a price per a unit of charge time where the energy for the charging during the unit of charge time is derived from the solar charge capacity.

11. The method according to claim 2, wherein the step of auctioning the solar charge capacity includes the steps of:

a determining an auction parameter that resolves the capacity shortage in whichever of the solar charge capacity or the charge time capacity or both;

communicating the auction parameter to and soliciting bids from each operator within the auction group;

receiving bids from the operators within the auction group; and

based on the received bids, determining whether the capacity shortage is resolved, in whole or in part, in a desired manner.

12. The method according to claim 11, further comprising the steps of:

if it is determined that the received bids do not, in whole or in part, resolve the capacity shortage in a desired manner, then selecting and completing one of the following sets of procedures;

a) using the same auction parameter and the same auction group, soliciting revised bids from the auction group;

b) using the same auction group, determining a modified auction parameter and soliciting bids from the auction group pursuant to the modified auction parameter; and

c) performing the auction process again using a subgroup with of the auction group, wherein the subset of the auction group comprises a sub-group whose members are determined to have submitted losing bids in the original auction process;

wherein the auction process for the subgroup includes either the same auction parameter or a modified auction parameter.

13. The method according to claim 11, further comprising the steps of:

if it is determined that the received bids resolve the capacity shortage, in whole or in part, in a desired manner, then completing the following steps;

determining, based on the received bids and the auction parameter, winning bids from the auctioning step;

based on the bid amounts, determining fees that apply to each of the electric vehicles of the winning bids for charging at the charging system;

charging the batteries of the electric vehicles of the winning bids to the desired state-of-charge; and

collecting payment from the operators of the winning bids based on the determined fees.

14. The method according to claim 2, wherein the charging system further includes a grid charge capacity that is configured such that the charging system also may function to charge electric vehicles with energy drawn from the grid;

wherein a first fee comprises the fee for charging electric vehicles from the solar charge capacity, and a second fee comprises the fee for charging electric vehicles from the grid charge capacity;

wherein the first fee is less than the second fee; and

wherein the step of auctioning of the solar charge capacity comprises having the operators within the auction group bid a premium above the first fee that each is willing to pay for the right to have their electric vehicle charged with energy derived from the solar charge capacity.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the step of auctioning the solar charge capacity comprises having the operators of the electric vehicles in the auction group bid within a fee range approximately defined by, on a low end, the first fee associated with charging the electric vehicle from the solar charge capacity, and, on a higher end, the second fee associated with charging the electric vehicle from the grid charge capacity.

16. The method according to claim 11, wherein the charging system further includes a grid charge capacity that is configured such that the charging system also may function to charge electric vehicles with energy drawn from the grid;

further comprising the steps of;

determining, based on the received bids and the auction parameter, winning bids and losing bids from the auctioning step; and

for the losing bids, asking the corresponding operators whether they want their electric vehicles charged from energy drawn from the grid charge capacity.

17. The method according to claim 2, wherein the charging system includes a local storage device for storing the locally generated solar energy;

and

wherein calculating the solar charge capacity is based on the following;

the amount of energy stored in the local storage device, solar energy currently being locally generated by the charging system, and solar energy expected to he generated by the charging system over a predetermined period of time in the near future.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the solar energy expected to be generated by the charging system over the predetermined period of time in the near future is calculated based on historical climate and seasonal data, current weather conditions, predicted weather conditions over the predetermined period of time in the near future, and historical solar energy generation records.

19. A system for distributing battery charge capacity to a plurality of electric vehicles, the system comprising:

means for generating solar energy locally;

means for locally storing the locally generated solar energy;

a plurality of charging stations for charging the batteries of the electric vehicles; and

a computer-implemented control unit;

wherein the control unit is configured to;

group a plurality of electric vehicles into an auction group based on a predetermined criterion;

determine a requested charge for the auction group, the requested charge comprising the total energy required to charge the batteries of the electric vehicles of the auction group from a current state-of-charge to a desired state-of-charge;

calculate a requested charge time, the requested charge time comprising the total charging time required to charge the batteries of the electric vehicles of the auction group from the current state-of-charge to the desired state-of-charge;

calculate the solar charge capacity, the solar charge capacity comprising the total charging capacity of the charging system via the locally generated solar energy;

calculate a charge time capacity, the charge time capacity comprising the available charge time of the charging system;

comparing the requested charge to the solar charge capacity;

comparing the requested charge time to the charge time capacity; and

when a capacity shortage is determined via a finding that the requested charge is greater than the solar charge capacity or the requested charge time is greater than the charge time capacity, auctioning the solar charge capacity to operators of the electric vehicles of the auction group.

20. The system according to claim 19, wherein the control unit is further configured such that the auctioning of the solar charge capacity includes electronically soliciting bids from each of the operators of the electric vehicles within the auction group;

and wherein the bids relate to a price per unit of energy from the solar charge capacity; and

wherein calculating the solar charge capacity is based on the following;

the amount of energy stored in the local storage device, a current level of local solar energy generation; and

an expected level of local solar energy generation over a predetermined period of time in the near future.

21. The system according to claim 19, wherein the control unit is further configured to:

determine an auction parameter that resolves the capacity shortage in whichever of the solar charge capacity or the charge time capacity or both;

electronically communicate the auction parameter to and solicit bids from each of the operators within the auction group;

electronically receive bids from the operators within the auction group; and

based on the received bids, determining whether the capacity shortage is resolved, in whole or in part, in a desired manner.

22. The system according to claim. 19, further comprising, a grid connection, wherein the grid connection includes a grid charge capacity that is configured such that the charging system also functions to charge electric vehicles with energy drawn from the grid;

wherein the control unit is configured such that;

a first fee comprising the fee for charging electric vehicles from the solar charge capacity, and a second fee comprising the fee for charging electric vehicles from the grid charge capacity;

the first fee is less than the second fee; and

the auctioning of the solar charge capacity comprises soliciting bids from the operators within the auction group relating to a premium above the first fee that each is willing to pay for the right to have their electric vehicle charged with energy derived from the solar charge capacity.