Method and apparatus for cooling

• US 8,322,155 B2
• Filed: 06/11/2008
• Issued: 12/04/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 08/15/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: American Power Conversion Corporation (Schneider Electric SE)
• Original Assignee: American Power Conversion Corporation (Schneider Electric SE)
• Inventors: Tutunoglu, Ozan, Bean, John H. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Jules, Frantz
• Assistant Examiner(s): Comings, Daniel C
• Application Number:
  US12/137,177
• Publication Number:
  US 20080245083A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,637 Days
• Field of Search: 621/961, 621/964, 621/97, 621/25, 621/26, 621/27, 622/08, 622/09, 236/12.1
• US Class Current: 62/208
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 11/30 for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 11/52 Indication arrangements, e.g. displays
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 11/63 Electronic processing
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 1/00 Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle F25B3/00, F25B5/00, F25B6/00, F25B7/00, F25B9/00 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2400/0403 for the condenser
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2500/18 Optimization, e.g. high integration of refrigeration components
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2500/19 Calculation of parameters
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2600/111 of condenser fans
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2600/112 of evaporator fans
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2600/2501 Bypass valves
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2700/13 Mass flow of refrigerants
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2700/1931 Discharge pressures
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2700/1933 Suction pressures
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 49/005 of safety devices F25B49/02 and F25B49/04 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 49/02 for compression type machines, plants or systems
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 7/20827 within rooms for removing heat from cabinets, e.g. air conditioning devices
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 30/70 Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

Abstract

A method of calculating net sensible cooling capacity of a cooling unit includes measuring a discharge pressure from of fluid from a compressor and a suction pressure from an evaporator, calculating a condensing temperature of fluid flowing from the compressor and an evaporating temperature of fluid flowing from the evaporator, calculating a mass flow rate of fluid flowing from the compressor, calculating enthalpy of fluid flowing from the compressor, of fluid flowing from the thermal expansion valve, and of fluid flowing from the evaporator, calculating a mass flow rate of fluid flowing through the hot gas bypass valve, and calculating net sensible cooling capacity. Embodiments of cooling units and other methods are further disclosed.

Claims

1. A method of calculating net sensible cooling capacity of each of a plurality of cooling units within a data center, each cooling unit of the type comprising a compressor, a condenser in fluid communication with the compressor, a thermal expansion valve in fluid communication with the condenser, an evaporator in fluid communication with the thermal expansion valve, a hot gas bypass valve in fluid communication with the compressor and the evaporator, and a controller, the method comprising:

measuring a discharge pressure of fluid from the compressor and a suction pressure from the evaporator;

calculating a condensing temperature of fluid flowing from the compressor and an evaporating temperature of fluid flowing from the evaporator;

calculating a mass flow rate of fluid flowing from the compressor;

calculating enthalpy of fluid flowing from the compressor, of fluid flowing from the thermal expansion valve, and of fluid flowing from the evaporator;

calculating a mass flow rate of fluid flowing through the hot gas bypass valve;

calculating net sensible cooling capacity of each cooling unit, wherein the calculating is performed by the controller in each cooling unit, and wherein the controller in each cooling unit is configured to reduce the net sensible cooling capacity by bypassing hot gas at the bypass valve back to the evaporator, and wherein the controller in each cooling unit includes firmware comprising a program control loop;

measuring a parameter of the bypass valve, the parameter being a pressure differential; and

manipulating the operation of the bypass valve when the parameter is above a predetermined threshold,

wherein determining the pressure differential is achieved by measuring the pressure of fluid flowing through a discharge pressure sensor and measuring the pressure of fluid flowing through a suction pressure sensor.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein calculating net sensible cooling capacity is determined by employing the following equation:

P_c=(Q_total−

Q_{comp loss}−

1052.6*C*0.2928104−

P_f)/1000

where P_c—

net sensible cooling capacity (kW);

Q_total—

total cooling capacity (W);

Q_{comp loss}—

compressor heat loss (W);

C—

condensate production rate (lbs/hr);

1052.6—

amount of energy required to condense one pound of water;

0.2928104—

converts BTU/hour to Watts; and

1000—

converts Watts to Kilowatts.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein total cooling capacity is determined by employing the following equations:

Q_total=M*(h_{suction gas}−

h_{mix evaporator inlet}); and

h_{mix evaporator inlet}=(M_bypass*h_{hot gas}+(M−

M_bypass)*h_liquid)/M,

where Q_total—

total cooling capacity (W);

M —

refrigerant mass flow rate calculated via using ARI-540 mass flow rate coefficients (kg/sec);

h_{suction gas}—

enthalpy of the gas refrigerant at evaporator coil inlet (W/kg);

h_{mix evaporator inlet}—

enthalpy of the mixed refrigerant at evaporator coil inlet (W/kg);

M_bypass—

refrigerant mass flow rate bypassed through bypass valve (kg/sec);

h_{hot gas}—

enthalpy of the hot gas refrigerant at compressor outlet (W/kg); and

h_liquid—

enthalpy of the liquid refrigerant at expansion valve inlet (W/kg).

4. The method of claim 1, wherein calculating net sensible cooling comprising calculating total cooling.