Catholytes for aqueous lithium/air battery cells
First Claim
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1. A battery cell, comprising:
- a protected anode, comprising,a lithium anode having a first surface and a second surface,a protective membrane architecture on at least the first surface of the anode,a cathode compartment comprising, prior to initial discharge, a cathode for reducing molecular oxygen and an aqueous catholyte comprising water and an active first salt dissolved therein, wherein the active first salt comprises a component selected from the group consisting of a nitrate, an aluminum halide, a magnesium halide and a titanium halide; and
,wherein the protective membrane architecture comprises one or more materials configured to provide a first membrane surface chemically compatible with the lithium anode in contact with the anode, and a second membrane surface substantially impervious to and chemically compatible with the aqueous catholyte.
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Abstract
Li/air battery cells are configurable to achieve very high energy density. The cells include a protected a lithium metal or alloy anode and an aqueous catholyte in a cathode compartment. In addition to the aqueous catholyte, components of the cathode compartment include an air cathode (e.g., oxygen electrode) and a variety of other possible elements.
197 Citations
55 Claims
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1. A battery cell, comprising:
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a protected anode, comprising, a lithium anode having a first surface and a second surface, a protective membrane architecture on at least the first surface of the anode, a cathode compartment comprising, prior to initial discharge, a cathode for reducing molecular oxygen and an aqueous catholyte comprising water and an active first salt dissolved therein, wherein the active first salt comprises a component selected from the group consisting of a nitrate, an aluminum halide, a magnesium halide and a titanium halide; and
,wherein the protective membrane architecture comprises one or more materials configured to provide a first membrane surface chemically compatible with the lithium anode in contact with the anode, and a second membrane surface substantially impervious to and chemically compatible with the aqueous catholyte. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18)
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19. A battery cell, comprising:
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a protected anode, comprising, a lithium anode having a first surface and a second surface, a protective membrane architecture on at least the first surface of the anode, a cathode compartment comprising, prior to initial discharge, a cathode for reducing molecular oxygen and an aqueous catholyte comprising water, an active first salt dissolved therein, and a second salt different than the active first salt; wherein the protective membrane architecture comprises one or more materials configured to provide a first membrane surface chemically compatible with the alkali metal anode in contact with the anode, and a second membrane surface substantially impervious to and chemically compatible with the components of the cathode compartment. - View Dependent Claims (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44)
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39. The cell of 19, wherein the catholyte, prior to initial discharge, has a nitrate concentration of at least 6 Molar and a Li concentration of at least 2 Molar.
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45. A battery cell, comprising:
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a protected anode, comprising, a lithium anode having a first surface and a second surface, a protective membrane architecture on at least the first surface of the anode, a cathode compartment comprising, prior to initial discharge, a cathode for reducing molecular oxygen and an aqueous catholyte comprising water, an active first salt dissolved therein, and wherein the catholyte is a saturated salt solution, wherein the protective membrane architecture comprises one or more materials configured to provide a first membrane surface chemically compatible with the lithium anode in contact with the anode, and a second membrane surface substantially impervious to and chemically compatible with the aqueous catholyte. - View Dependent Claims (46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55)
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Specification