Photoelectrocatalytic fluid analyte sensors and methods of fabricating and using same
First Claim
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1. A fluid analyte sensor, comprising:
- an array of photoelectrocatalytic elements, a respective one of which is configured to be exposed to the fluid, if present, and to respond to photoelectrocatalysis of at least one analyte in the fluid that occurs in response to impingement of optical radiation upon the respective photoelectrocatalytic element;
an array of semiconductor light emitting sources, a respective one of which is configured to impinge the optical radiation upon the respective one of the photoelectrocatalytic elements; and
an array of heaters that is separate from the array of semiconductor light emitting sources, a respective one of the heaters being configured and independently regulated to separately generate thermal energy and apply the thermal energy to only the respective photoelectrocatalytic element so as to affect interaction between the at least one analyte and the array of photoelectrocatalytic elements.
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Abstract
Fluid analyte sensors include a photoelectrocatalytic element that is configured to be exposed to the fluid, if present, and to respond to photoelectrocatalysis of at least one analyte in the fluid that occurs in response to impingement of optical radiation upon the photoelectrocatalytic element. A semiconductor light emitting source is also provided that is configured to impinge the optical radiation upon the photoelectrocatalytic element. Related solid state devices and sensing methods are also described.
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Citations
65 Claims
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1. A fluid analyte sensor, comprising:
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an array of photoelectrocatalytic elements, a respective one of which is configured to be exposed to the fluid, if present, and to respond to photoelectrocatalysis of at least one analyte in the fluid that occurs in response to impingement of optical radiation upon the respective photoelectrocatalytic element; an array of semiconductor light emitting sources, a respective one of which is configured to impinge the optical radiation upon the respective one of the photoelectrocatalytic elements; and an array of heaters that is separate from the array of semiconductor light emitting sources, a respective one of the heaters being configured and independently regulated to separately generate thermal energy and apply the thermal energy to only the respective photoelectrocatalytic element so as to affect interaction between the at least one analyte and the array of photoelectrocatalytic elements. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59)
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27. A solid state device comprising:
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an array of photoelectrocatalytic elements; an array of semiconductor light emitting sources; an array of heaters that is separate from the array of semiconductor light emitting sources; and a housing that is configured to position a respective one of the array of photoelectrocatalytic elements, a respective one of the array of semiconductor light emitting sources and a respective one of the array of heaters relative to one another such that the respective one of the semiconductor light emitting sources impinges optical radiation on the respective one of the photoelectrocatalytic elements upon electrical energization of the respective semiconductor light emitting source and a the respective one of the heaters is independently regulated separately to generate thermal energy and apply the thermal energy to only the respective one of the photoelectrocatalytic elements upon electrical energization of the respective heater. - View Dependent Claims (28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65)
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45. A sensing method, comprising:
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energizing a respective one of an array of semiconductor light emitting sources to impinge optical radiation upon a respective one of an array of photoelectrocatalytic elements that is configured to be exposed to a fluid, if present, so that the respective one of the array of semiconductor light emitting sources impinges the optical radiation on the respective one of the array of photoelectrocatalytic elements; energizing a respective one of an array of heaters that is separate from the array of semiconductor light emitting sources and is independently regulated to separately generate thermal energy and apply the thermal energy to the array of photoelectrocatalytic elements, so that the respective one of the heaters applies the thermal energy to only the respective one of the array of photoelectrocatalytic elements; and detecting a response of the array of photoelectrocatalytic elements in response to the energizing of the array of semiconductor light emitting sources and the array of heaters. - View Dependent Claims (46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52)
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Specification