Mixed hardware/software architecture and method for processing communications

• US 8,325,751 B2
• Filed: 11/10/2004
• Issued: 12/04/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 03/01/2000
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Realtek Semiconductor Corp.
• Original Assignee: Realtek Semiconductor Corp.
• Inventors: Liu, Ming-Kang
• Primary Examiner(s): Divecha, Nishant B
• Assistant Examiner(s): Patel, Jay P
• Application Number:
  US10/986,502
• Publication Number:
  US 20050071800A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,946 Days
• Field of Search: 370/419
• US Class Current: 370/419
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 9/3867 using instruction pipelines
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0043 Realisations of complexity reduction techniques, e.g. use of look-up tables
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0052 Realisations of complexity reduction techniques, e.g. pipelining or use of look-up tables
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/2856 Access arrangements, e.g. Internet access asynchronous transfer mode networks H04L12/5601; broadband local area networks H04L12/2801; optical access or distribution networks H04Q11/0067; access to open networks H04L12/5691; digital subscriber line end-user equipment and bit-level processing of data on a PSTN-based network H04M11/00; home network gateways H04L12/2834; wireless access networks H04W
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/289 Single service
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2012/5665 Interaction of ATM with other protocols
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2012/6478 Digital subscriber line, e.g. DSL, ADSL, HDSL, XDSL, VDSL
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/2601 Multicarrier modulation systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/2626 Arrangements specific to the transmitter only
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/2647 Arrangements specific to the receiver only equalisation H04L27/01
• CPC Class Codes: H04M 11/062 using different frequency bands for speech and other data
• CPC Class Codes: Y02D 30/50 in wire-line communication networks, e.g. low power modes or reduced link rate

Abstract

A method of implementing a scaleable architecture for a communications system considers the requirements of a particular communications transmission process that is dividable into individual transmission tasks. A computational complexity for each of said N individual transmission tasks respectively, said computational complexity being based on a number of instructions per second (MIPs) required by a computational circuit to perform each of said N individual transmission tasks; a number of gates and/or transistors required to implement each of individual transmission task using a hardware based or software based computing circuit, etc. After determining an effective number of MIPs achievable by such circuits, the N tasks are allocated in a gate efficient manner for a final design architecture, or for a working implementation in the field. A system constructed in this fashion is highly gate efficient and cost effective, so that a multiport system can be put on single SOC integrated circuit.

Claims

1. A communication system comprising:

at least one communication port amongst a plurality of ports to receive data to be processed via a plurality of operation stages;

a hardware subsystem to perform a hardware operation associated with the received data;

a software subsystem to perform a software operation associated with the received data;

an operation determining logic to determine at least one of the operation stages to be performed by at least one of the hardware subsystem or the software subsystem, the operation determining logic configured to determine the operation stage to be performed based on a first, a second, and a third number of instructions per second (MIPs), or a first, a second, and a third number of gates or transistors or gates and transistors, or a first, a second, and a third number of number of MIPs per gates or MIPs per transistors or MIPS per gates and MIPS per transistors, or a first, a second, and a third number of instructions, or a first, a second, and a third amount of power consumption to perform the operation stage; and

each of the plurality of ports having a clock rate amongst a plurality of clock rates respectively, wherein the communication system further includes an internal clock device for generating an internal clock, wherein the rate of the internal clock is faster than the rate of each of the clocks associated with the ports respectively.

2. The communication system of claim 1, wherein the operation determining logic is configured to determine the operation stage to be performed based on

a first number of instructions per second (MIPs) required by the hardware subsystem to perform the operation stage, a second number of MIPs required by the software subsystem to perform the operation stage, and a third number of MIPs required by the combination of the hardware subsystem and the software system to perform the operation stage, or

a first number of gates or transistors or gates and transistors required by the hardware subsystem to perform the operation stage, a second number of gates or transistors or gates and transistors required by the software subsystem to perform the operation stage, and a third number of gates or transistors or gates and transistors required by the combination of the hardware subsystem and the software system to perform the operation stage, or

a first number of MIPs per gates or MIPS per transistors or MIPS per gates and MIPS per transistors required by the hardware subsystem to perform the operation stage, a second number of MIPs per gates or MIPS per transistors or MIPS per gates and MIPS per transistors required by the software subsystem to perform the operation stage, and a third number of number of MIPs per gates or MIPs per transistors or MIPS per gates and MIPS per transistors required by the combination of the hardware subsystem and the software system to perform the operation stage, or

a first number of instructions required by the hardware subsystem to perform the operation stage, a second number of instructions required by the software subsystem to perform the operation stage, and a third number of instructions required by the combination of the hardware subsystem and the software system to perform the operation stage, or

a first amount of power consumption required by the hardware subsystem to perform the operation stage, a second amount of power consumption required by the software subsystem to perform the operation stage, and a third amount of power consumption required by the combination of the hardware subsystem and the software system to perform the operation stage.

3. The communication system of claim 1, wherein the operation determining logic determines the operation stage to be performed based on a first, a second, and a third number of instructions per second (MIPs) required by the hardware subsystem, the software subsystem, and the combination of the hardware subsystem and the software system respectively to perform the operation stage.

4. The communication system of claim 1, wherein the operation determining logic determines the operation stage to be performed based on a first, a second, and a third number of gates or transistors or gates and transistors required by the hardware subsystem, the software subsystem, and the combination of the hardware subsystem and the software system respectively to perform the operation stage.

5. The communication system of claim 1, wherein the operation determining logic determines the operation stage to be performed based on a first, a second, and a third number of MIPs per gates or MIPS per transistors or MIPS per gates and MIPS per transistors required by the hardware subsystem, the software subsystem, and the combination of the hardware subsystem and the software system respectively to perform the operation stage.

6. The communication system of claim 1, wherein the operation determining logic determines the operation stage to be performed by based on a first, a second, and a third number of instructions required by the hardware subsystem, the software subsystem, and the combination of the hardware subsystem and the software system respectively to perform the operation stage.

7. The communication system of claim 1, wherein the operation determining logic determines the operation stage to be performed based on a first, a second, and a third amount of power consumption required by the hardware subsystem, the software subsystem, and the combination of the hardware subsystem and the software system respectively to perform the operation stage.

8. The communication system of claim 1, wherein wherein the operation determining logic also determines the operation stage to be performed by at least one of the hardware subsystem or the software subsystem based on a first time period required by the hardware subsystem to perform the operation stage, a second time period required by the software subsystem to perform the operation stage, and a third time period required by the combination of the hardware subsystem and the software system to perform the operation stage.

9. The communication system of claim 8, wherein the hardware subsystem comprises one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) to perform the hardware operation and the software subsystem comprises one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) to perform the software operation.

10. The communication system of claim 1, wherein the system further includes a memory for storing the data, wherein the hardware subsystem and the software subsystem are capable of accessing the data stored in the memory and store the processed data into the memory.

11. The communication system of claim 10, wherein the memory includes a first page to output the data and a second page to input the data.

12. The communication system of claim 1, wherein the operation stages are performed in an order.

13. The communication system of claim 12, wherein the order is flexible and alterable.

14. The communication system of claim 1, wherein the hardware subsystem is operable to perform the hardware operation while the software subsystem performs the software operation.

15. The communication system of claim 1, wherein the data includes at least one of a bit stream, a packet based stream, and a cell based stream.

16. The communication system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the hardware operation is a physical medium dependent operation or a convergence operation and at least one of the software operation is a physical medium dependent operation or a convergence operation.

17. The communication system of claim 1, wherein the data further includes a data signal and a control information.

18. The communication system of claim 17, wherein the control information further includes at least one of an information identifying the communication port associated with the data, a communication path associated with the data including whether the data is associated with a transmit operation or a receive operation, and an operation or port specific information or operation and port specific information such that at least one of the monitoring, testing, and adaptive feedback can be generated by a first operation stage to a second operation stage.

19. The system of claim 1, wherein the internal clock is programmable and adjustable.

20. The communication system of claim 1, wherein the hardware subsystem comprises one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) to perform the hardware operation and the software subsystem comprises one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) to perform the software operation.

21. A communication method comprising:

receiving data, in at least one communication port amongst a plurality of ports of a communication system, to be processed via a plurality of operation stages in the communication system, the communication system having a hardware subsystem to perform a hardware operation associated with the received data, the hardware subsystem being a hardware based unit, the communication system having a software subsystem to perform a software operation associated with the received data, the software subsystem being a software based unit, the software subsystem being different from the hardware subsystem;

determining, using an operation determining logic of the communication system, an operation stage of the plurality of operation stages to be performed by at least one of the hardware subsystem or the software subsystem, the determination based on one of more of

a first number of instructions per second (MIPs) required by the hardware subsystem to perform the operation stage, a second number of MIPs required by the software subsystem to perform the operation stage, and a third number of MIPs required by the combination of the hardware subsystem and the software system to perform the operation stage, or

a first number of gates or transistors or gates and transistors required by the hardware subsystem to perform the operation stage, a second number of gates or transistors or gates and transistors required by the software subsystem to perform the operation stage, and a third number of gates or transistors or gates and transistors required by the combination of the hardware subsystem and the software system to perform the operation stage, or

a first number of MIPs per gates or MIPS per transistors or MIPS per gates and MIPS per transistors required by the hardware subsystem to perform the operation stage, a second number of MIPs per gates or MIPS per transistors or MIPS per gates and MIPS per transistors required by the software subsystem to perform the operation stage, and a third number of number of MIPs per gates or MIPs per transistors or MIPS per gates and MIPS per transistors required by the combination of the hardware subsystem and the software system to perform the operation stage, or

a first number of instructions required by the hardware subsystem to perform the operation stage, a second number of instructions required by the software subsystem to perform the operation stage, and a third number of instructions required by the combination of the hardware subsystem and the software system to perform the operation stage, or

a first amount of power consumption required by the hardware subsystem to perform the operation stage, a second amount of power consumption required by the software subsystem to perform the operation stage, and a third amount of power consumption required by the combination of the hardware subsystem and the software system to perform the operation stage;

performing the operation stage on the data based on the determined result; and

operating each of the plurality of ports including the at least one communication port having a clock rate amongst a plurality of clock rates respectively wherein the communication system uses an internal clock device for generating an internal clock, wherein the rate of the internal clock is faster than the rate of each of the clocks associated with the ports respectively.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the step of determining determines at least one of the operation stages based on a first, a second, and a third number of instructions per second (MIPs) required by the hardware subsystem, the software subsystem, and the combination of the hardware subsystem and the software system respectively to perform the operation stage.

23. The method of claim 21, wherein the step of determining determines at least one of the operation stages based on a first, a second, and a third number of gates or transistors or gates and transistors required by the hardware subsystem, the software subsystem, and the combination of the hardware subsystem and the software system respectively to perform the operation stage.

24. The method of claim 21, wherein the step of determining determines at least one of the operation stages based on a first, a second, and a third number of MIPs per gates or MIPS per transistors or MIPs per gates and or MIPS per transistors required by the hardware subsystem, the software subsystem, and the combination of the hardware subsystem and the software system respectively to perform the operation stage.

25. The method of claim 21, wherein the step of determining determines at least one of the operation stages based on a first, a second, and a third number of instructions required by the hardware subsystem, the software subsystem, and the combination of the hardware subsystem and the software system respectively to perform the operation stage.

26. The method of claim 21, wherein the step of determining determines at least one of the operation stages based on a first, a second, and a third amount of power consumption required by the hardware subsystem, the software subsystem, and the combination of the hardware subsystem and the software system respectively to perform the operation stage.

27. The method of claim 21, wherein the operation stages are performed in an order.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein the order is flexible and alterable.

29. The method of claim 21, wherein the operation stages includes a first operation stage which to be performed by the hardware subsystem and a second operation stage which to be performed by the software subsystem, wherein the first operation stage and the second operation stage can be performed simultaneously.

30. The method of claim 21, wherein the data can be at least one of a bit stream, a packet based stream, and a cell based stream.

31. The method of claim 21, wherein at least one of the operation stages is a physical medium dependent operation or a convergence operation.

32. The method of claim 21, wherein that data further includes a data signal and a control information.

33. The method of claim 32, wherein the control information further includes at least one of an information identifying the communication port associated with the data, a communication path associated with the data including whether the data is associated with a transmit operation or a receive operation, and an operation or port specific information or operation and port specific information such that at least one of the monitoring, testing, and adaptive feedback can be generated by a first operation stage to a second operation stage.

34. A communication method comprising:

receiving data, in at least one communication port amongst a plurality of ports of a communication system, to be processed via a plurality of operation stages in the communication system, the communication system having a hardware subsystem to perform a hardware operation associated with the received data, the hardware subsystem being a hardware based unit, the communication system having a software subsystem to perform a software operation associated with the received data, the software subsystem being a software based unit, the software subsystem being different from the hardware subsystem;

determining, using an operation determining logic of the communication system, an operation stage of the plurality of operation stages to be performed by at least one of the hardware subsystem or the software subsystem, the determination based on one of more of

a first number of instructions per second (MIPs) to perform the operation stage, a second number of MIPs to perform the operation stage and a third number of MIPs to perform the operation stage, or

a first number of gates or transistors or gates and transistors to perform the operation stage, a second number of gates or transistors or gates and transistors to perform the operation stage, and a third number of gates or transistors or gates and transistors to perform the operation stage, or

a first number of MIPs per gates or MIPS per transistors or MIPS per gates and MIPS per transistors to perform the operation stage, a second number of MIPs per gates or MIPS per transistors or MIPS per gates and MIPS per transistors to perform the operation stage, and a third number of number of MIPs per gates or MIPs per transistors or MIPS per gates and MIPS per transistors to perform the operation stage, or

a first number of instructions to perform the operation stage, a second number of instructions to perform the operation stage, and a third number of instructions to perform the operation stage, or

a first amount of power consumption to perform the operation stage, a second amount of power consumption to perform the operation stage, and a third amount of power consumption to perform the operation stage;

performing the operation stage on the data based on the determined result, wherein the step of determining also determines the operation stage based on a first time period required by the hardware subsystem to perform the operation stage, a second time period required by the software subsystem to perform the operation stage, and a third time period required by the combination of the hardware subsystem and the software system to perform the operation stage; and

operating each of the plurality of ports including the at least one communication port having a clock rate amongst a plurality of clock rates respectively wherein the communication system uses an internal clock device for generating an internal clock, wherein the rate of the internal clock is faster than the rate of each of the clocks associated with the ports respectively.