Imaging for evaluating performance characteristics

• US 8,334,513 B1
• Filed: 01/10/2012
• Issued: 12/18/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 10/19/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Computational Systems Incorporated (Emerson Electric Company)
• Original Assignee: CSI Technology Incorporated (Emerson Electric Company)
• Inventors: Garvey, Raymond Earl III, Skeirik, Robert Darrell
• Primary Examiner(s): Kim, Kiho
• Application Number:
  US13/346,989
• Time in Patent Office: 343 Days
• Field of Search: 250330-335, 2503361-3362, 2503381-3385, 2503391-33915, 250/340, 2503411-3418
• US Class Current: 250/330
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/00 Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/025 Interfacing a pyrometer to an external device or network; User interface
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/0265 Handheld, portable ear thermometers G01J5/049
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/07 Arrangements for adjusting the solid angle of collected radiation, e.g. adjusting or orienting field of view, tracking position or encoding angular position optical collimating elements G01J5/0806
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/0859 Sighting arrangements, e.g. cameras

Abstract

Apparatuses and methods are provided for enhancing inspections using cameras through in-field displays and performance calculations. A field transportable apparatus typically includes a camera and programmable device having memory and logic. Generally the apparatus includes an interactive user interface suitable for displaying images and prompting response and accepting input from the camera operator in the field during an inspection. An operator may designate at least one thing of interest on a displayed infrared image; and the programmable device may uses an understood aspect of the object in the intended function to determine a performance characteristic of the object. An output display may be used to report the performance characteristic to the operator in the field.

Claims

1. A field transportable apparatus for use by an operator to determine a performance characteristic associated with an object having an intended function, the apparatus comprising;

a) a camera to produce at least one image;

b) an interface for the operator to identify or designate the object in the at least one image;

c) a programmable device comprising memory and logic to determine the performance characteristic of the object using an understood aspect of the object in the intended function, the understood aspect of the object including an elapsed time interval and the performance characteristic including a delta-temperature value; and

d) an output display to report the performance characteristic to the operator in the field.

2. The field transportable apparatus of claim 1 wherein the camera comprises a detector responsive to visible wavelength energy.

3. The field transportable apparatus of claim 1 wherein the camera comprises a focal detector responsive to infrared wavelength energy for producing infrared image information.

4. The field transportable apparatus of claim 1 wherein the understood aspect of the object further comprises a known reference distance in the at least one image and the performance characteristic further comprises a proportional dimension value.

5. The field transportable apparatus of claim 1 where in the understood aspect of the object further comprises a thermal model and the performance characteristic further comprises a thermal-property characteristic.

6. The field transportable apparatus of claim 1 wherein the understood aspect of the object further comprises a mathematical relationship between changing temperature and changing electrical power, and the performance characteristic further comprises an electrical-property characteristic.

7. The field transportable apparatus of claim 1 wherein the object comprises a building, the intended function comprises thermal insulation, the understood aspect of the object further comprises an experience based calculation regarding a diminished insulating R-value, and the performance characteristic further comprises a cash value.

8. A field transportable apparatus for use by an operator to determine a performance characteristic associated with a valve having an intended function, the apparatus comprising;

a) a camera to produce at least one image;

b) an interface for the operator to identify or designate the valve in the at least one image;

c) a programmable device comprising memory and logic to determine the performance characteristic of the valve using an understood aspect of the valve in the intended function, the understood aspect of the valve including a flow rate and the performance characteristic including a cash value; and

d) an output display to report the performance characteristic to the operator in the field.

9. The field transportable apparatus of claim 8 wherein the cash value comprises one or more cash values selected from the group consisting of:

(a) a value associated with a savings,

(b) a value associated with an expense,

(c) a value associated with an energy loss,

(d) a value associated with an operation of a faulty component,

(e) a value associated with a repair,

(f) a value associated with a replacement,

(g) a value associated with an upgrade,

(h) a value associated with a leaked substance,

(i) a value associated with a material, and

(j) a value associated with an accumulation of savings or expenses.

10. A field transportable apparatus for use by an operator to determine a performance characteristic associated with a building having an intended function including thermal insulation, the apparatus comprising;

a) a camera to produce at least one image;

b) an interface for the operator to identify or designate the building in the at least one image;

c) a programmable device comprising memory and logic to determine the performance characteristic of the building using an understood aspect of the building in the intended function, the understood aspect of the building including an experience based calculation regarding a diminished insulating R-value and the performance characteristic including a cash value, the cash value comprising one or more cash values selected from the group consisting of;

(a) a value associated with a savings,

(b) a value associated with an expense,

(c) a value associated with an energy loss,

(d) a value associated with an operation of a faulty component,

(e) a value associated with a repair,

(f) a value associated with a replacement,

(g) a value associated with an upgrade,

(h) a value associated with a material, and

(i) a value associated with an accumulation of savings or expenses; and

(d) an output display to report the performance characteristic to the operator in the field.

11. A field transportable apparatus for use by an operator to determine a performance characteristic associated with an electrical apparatus having an intended function including electrical power conversion, the apparatus comprising;

a) a camera to produce at least one image;

b) an interface for the operator to identify or designate the electrical apparatus in the at least one image;

c) a programmable device comprising memory and logic to determine the performance characteristic of the electrical apparatus using an understood aspect of the electrical apparatus in the intended function, the understood aspect of the electrical apparatus including mathematical relationship between changing temperature and changing electrical power and the performance characteristic including a cash value; and

d) an output display to report the performance characteristic to the operator in the field.

12. The field transportable apparatus of claim 11 wherein the cash value comprises one or more cash values selected from the group consisting of:

(a) a value associated with a savings,

(b) a value associated with an expense,

(c) a value associated with an energy loss,

(d) a value associated with an operation of a faulty component,

(e) a value associated with a repair,

(f) a value associated with a replacement,

(g) a value associated with an upgrade,

(h) a value associated with a material, and

(i) a value associated with an accumulation of savings or expenses.

13. A field transportable apparatus for use by an operator to determine a performance characteristic associated with a mechanical apparatus having an intended function including mechanical work, the apparatus comprising;

a) a camera to produce at least one image;

b) an interface for the operator to identify or designate the mechanical apparatus in the at least one image;

c) a programmable device comprising memory and logic to determine the performance characteristic of the mechanical apparatus using an understood aspect of the mechanical apparatus in the intended function, the understood aspect of the mechanical apparatus including a mathematical relationship between changing temperature and mechanical friction and the performance characteristic including a cash value; and

d) an output display to report the performance characteristic to the operator in the field.

14. The field transportable apparatus of claim 13 wherein the cash value comprises one or more cash values selected from the group consisting of:

(a) a value associated with a savings,

(b) a value associated with an expense,

(c) a value associated with an energy loss,

(d) a value associated with an operation of a faulty component,

(e) a value associated with a repair,

(f) a value associated with a replacement,

(g) a value associated with an upgrade,

(h) a value associated with a material, and

(i) a value associated with an accumulation of savings or expenses.

15. A field transportable apparatus for use by an operator to determine a performance characteristic associated with an object having an intended function, the apparatus comprising;

a) a camera to produce at least one image;

b) an interface for the operator to identify or designate the object in the at least one image;

c) a programmable device comprising memory and logic to determine the performance characteristic of the object using an understood aspect of the object in the intended function and to evaluate a sequential change comparison; and

d) an output display to report the performance characteristic to the operator in the field.

16. The field transportable apparatus of claim 15 wherein the sequential change comparison includes one or more of a comparisons selected from the group of comparisons consisting of:

(a) a delta comparison between a first point in time indication and a second point in time indication,

(b) a delta comparison between a first button click indication and a second button click indication,

(c) a delta comparison between a first camera orientation indication and a second camera orientation indication,

(d) a delta comparison between a baseline indication and an in-service indication,

(e) a serial comparison between several indications to find a sporadic activity characteristic,

(f) a serial comparison between several indications to identify a transient event characteristic,

(g) a serial comparison between several indications to identify a trend characteristic,

(h) a temperature measurement change,

(i) a geometric change,

(j) a first fire expanse and a second fire expanse, and

(k) a first thermal performance characteristic and a second thermal performance characteristic.

17. A field transportable apparatus for use by an operator to determine a performance characteristic associated with a valve having an intended function including affecting the flow of a substance, the apparatus comprising;

a) a camera to produce at least one image;

b) an interface for the operator to identify or designate the valve in the at least one image;

c) a programmable device comprising memory and logic to determine the performance characteristic of the valve using an understood aspect of the valve in the intended function, the understood aspect of the valve including a normal open/normal close characterization and the performance characteristic including a cycle-time characteristic; and

d) an output display to report the performance characteristic to the operator in the field.

18. A field transportable apparatus for use by an operator to determine a performance characteristic associated with a hydrocarbon vessel or pipe having an intended function including containing the hydrocarbon, the apparatus comprising;

a) a camera to produce at least one image;

b) an interface for the operator to identify or designate the hydrocarbon vessel or pipe in the at least one image;

c) a programmable device comprising memory and logic to determine the performance characteristic of the hydrocarbon vessel or pipe using an understood aspect of the hydrocarbon vessel or pipe in the intended function, the understood aspect of the hydrocarbon vessel or pipe including a fuel to oxygen ratio consideration and the performance characteristic including an assessment of risk from a detected leak in the hydrocarbon storage vessel or pipe; and

d) an output display to report the performance characteristic to the operator in the field.

19. A field transportable apparatus for use by an operator to determine a performance characteristic associated with a wall having an intended function including fire containment, the apparatus comprising;

a) a camera to produce at least one image;

b) an interface for the operator to identify or designate the wall in the at least one image;

c) a programmable device comprising memory and logic to determine the performance characteristic of the wall using an understood aspect of the wall in the intended function, the understood aspect of the wall including a wall temperature point at which the wall temperature is high enough to ignite all flammable materials simultaneously and the performance characteristic including an assessment of risk of flashover or flameover; and

d) an output display to report the performance characteristic to the operator in the field.

20. A field transportable apparatus for use by an operator to determine a performance characteristic associated with an electrical device having an intended function including human protection, the apparatus comprising;

a) a camera to produce at least one image;

b) an interface for the operator to identify or designate the electrical device in the at least one image;

c) a programmable device comprising memory and logic to determine the performance characteristic of the electrical device using an understood aspect of the electrical device in the intended function, the understood aspect of the electrical device including a fault severity and the performance characteristic including an arc-flash boundary; and

d) an output display to report the performance characteristic to the operator in the field.

21. A field transportable apparatus for use by an operator to determine a performance characteristic associated with a steam trap having an intended function including affecting a flow of steam, the apparatus comprising;

a) a camera to produce at least one image;

b) an interface for the operator to identify or designate the steam trap in the at least one image;

c) a programmable device comprising memory and logic to determine the performance characteristic of the steam trap using an understood aspect of the steam trap in the intended function, the understood aspect of the steam trap including the type of stream trap and the performance characteristic including a pounds/hour of steam loss; and

d) an output display to report the performance characteristic to the operator in the field.

22. The field transportable apparatus of claim 21 wherein the understood aspect further comprises a cost of steam and the performance characteristic further comprises a cost value.

23. A field transportable apparatus for use by an operator to determine a performance characteristic associated with an vessel or pipe having an intended function including containing a flowing substance, the apparatus comprising;

a) a camera to produce at least one image;

b) an interface for the operator to identify or designate the vessel or pipe in the at least one image;

c) a programmable device comprising memory and logic to determine the performance characteristic of the vessel or pipe using an understood aspect of the vessel or pipe in the intended function, the understood aspect of the vessel or pipe including the flowing substance pressure inside the vessel or pipe and the performance characteristic including a volumetric rate of substance leaking from the vessel or pipe; and

d) an output display to report the performance characteristic to the operator in the field.

24. A field transportable apparatus for use by an operator to determine a performance characteristic associated with a building insulation having an intended function including impedance of heat transfer, the apparatus comprising:

a) a camera to produce at least one image;

b) an interface for the operator to identify or designate the building insulation in the at least one image;

c) a programmable device comprising memory and logic to determine the performance characteristic of the building insulation using an understood aspect of the building insulation in the intended function, the understood aspect of the building insulation including an installed insulation R-value-and the performance characteristic including an effective insulating R-value; and

d) an output display to report the performance characteristic to the operator in the field.

25. A field transportable apparatus for use by an operator to determine a performance characteristic associated with a building wall or ceiling having an intended function, the apparatus comprising;

a) a camera to produce at least one image;

b) an interface for the operator to identify or designate the building wall or ceiling in the at least one image;

c) a programmable device comprising memory and logic to determine the performance characteristic of the building wall or ceiling using an understood aspect of the building wall or ceiling in the intended function, the understood aspect of the building wall or ceiling including an image area frame of reference for the building wall or ceiling and the performance characteristic including a flashover or flameover fire characteristic; and

d) an output display to report the performance characteristic to the operator in the field.

26. A field transportable apparatus for use by an operator to determine a performance characteristic associated with a machinery device having an intended function including a mechanical operation, the apparatus comprising;

a) a camera to produce at least one image;

b) an interface for the operator to identify or designate the machinery device in the at least one image;

c) a programmable device comprising memory and logic to determine the performance characteristic of the machinery device using an understood aspect of the machinery device in the intended function, the understood aspect of the machinery device including a mathematical relationship between a changing temperature and mechanical friction and the performance characteristic including a machinery health characteristic; and

d) an output display to report the performance characteristic to the operator in the field.

27. A field transportable apparatus for use by an operator to determine a performance characteristic associated with a flame having an intended function including flame suppression, the apparatus comprising;

a) a camera to produce at least one image;

b) an interface for the operator to identify or designate the flame in the at least one image;

c) a programmable device comprising memory and logic to determine the performance characteristic of the flame using an understood aspect of the flame in the intended function, the understood aspect of the flame including combustion of fuel in the presence of oxygen and the performance characteristic including a flash over or flameover potential; and

d) an output display to report the performance characteristic to the operator in the field.

28. A field transportable apparatus for use by an operator to determine a performance characteristic associated with a boiler furnace having an intended function including heat transfer, the apparatus comprising;

a) a camera to produce at least one image;

b) an interface for the operator to identify or designate the boiler furnace in the at least one image;

c) a programmable device comprising memory and logic to determine the performance characteristic of the boiler furnace using an understood aspect of the boiler furnace in the intended function, the understood aspect of the boiler furnace including a thermal model and the performance characteristic including a boiler surface characteristic; and

d) an output display to report the performance characteristic to the operator in the field.

29. A field transportable apparatus for use by an operator to determine a performance characteristic associated with an object having an intended function, the apparatus comprising;

a) a camera to produce at least one image;

b) an interface for the operator to identify or designate the object in the at least one image;

c) a programmable device comprising memory and logic to determine the performance characteristic of the object using an understood aspect of the object in the intended function, the understood aspect of the object including a geometric orientation of the object and the performance characteristic including a dimensional performance characteristic; and

d) an output display to report the performance characteristic to the operator in the field.

30. A method for determining a performance status of an object of interest using a field transportable imaging apparatus comprising;

a) producing at least one image of the object of interest;

b) selecting the object of interest in the image;

c) associating an understood aspect of the object of interest with a performance characteristic of the object of interest;

d) determining a physical dimension associated with the object of interest in the image;

e) determining the performance status of the object of interest using the understood aspect of the object of interest and the physical dimension associated with the object of interest and

f) using the understood aspect of the object of interest and the physical dimension associated with the object of interest to determine one or more findings selected from a group of findings consisting of;

(a) a dimensioned-measurement value finding,

(b) a thermal-property characteristic finding,

(c) an electrical-property characteristic finding,

(d) a cash value finding,

(e) a sequential change comparison finding,

(f) a cycle-time characteristic finding,

(g) an assessment of risk finding,

(h) an assessment of danger finding,

(i) a valve performance finding,

(j) a gas emissions characteristic finding,

(k) an insulation characteristic finding,

(l) a fire characteristic finding,

(m) a friction effects finding,

(n) a deviation from a baseline finding,

(o) a trend over time thermal characteristic finding, and

(p) a camera orientation characteristic.

31. The method of claim 30 wherein the step of producing at least one image comprises producing at least one image from visible wavelength energy.

32. The apparatus of claim 30 wherein the step of producing at least one image comprises producing at least one image from infrared wavelength energy.

33. The method of claim 30 wherein the step of selecting the object of interest in the image comprises an operator selecting the object of interest in the image.

34. The method of claim 30 wherein the sequential change comparison comprises one or more comparisons selected from the group of comparisons consisting of:

(a) a delta comparison between a first point in time indication and a second point in time indication,

(b) a delta comparison between a first button click indication and a second button click indication,

(c) a delta comparison between a first camera orientation indication and a second camera orientation indication,

(d) a delta comparison between a baseline indication and an in-service indication,

(e) a serial comparison between several indications to find a sporadic activity characteristic,

(f) a serial comparison between several indications to identify a transient event characteristic, and

(g) a serial comparison between several indications to identify a trend characteristic.

35. The method of claim 30 wherein the cash value finding comprises one or more cash value findings selected from the group consisting of:

(a) a value associated with a savings,

(b) a value associated with an expense,

(c) a value associated with an energy loss,

(d) a value associated with an operation of a faulty component,

(e) a value associated with a repair,

(f) a value associated with a replacement,

(g) a value associated with an upgrade,

(h) a value associated with a leaked substance,

(i) a value associated with a material, and

(j) a value associated with an accumulation of savings or expenses.

36. The method of claim 30 wherein determining a physical dimension associated with the object of interest in the image comprises determining the physical dimension using a known reference distance in the at least one thermal image.