Inserting time of departure information in frames to support multi-channel location techniques

• US 8,335,173 B2
• Filed: 07/07/2008
• Issued: 12/18/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 04/11/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Inventors: Hart, Brian Donald, Stager, Paul J., Thomson, Allan
• Primary Examiner(s): Ng, Fan
• Application Number:
  US12/168,250
• Publication Number:
  US 20090257426A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,625 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 370/310
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/0226 Transmitters

Abstract

A device whose location is to be determined (target device) generates a plurality of frames (messages) and time of departure (TOD) timestamp information indicating when the target device transmits the plurality of frames in a sequence or burst. The target device transmits the plurality of frames and the TOD information, wherein the plurality of frames are transmitted such that at least two of the frames are on different radio frequency (RF) channels. Within a sequence or burst (or across multiple sequences or bursts), multiple widely spaced transmissions on the same channel are included to allow for estimation of the crystal frequency offset of the transmitting device. The TOD information included in the transmitted packets allows devices that receive the packets not to change their channels of operation solely for the purpose of receiving packets from the device to be located.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

generating a plurality of messages at a first device whose location is to be determined and time of departure (TOD) information that indicates when the respective messages are transmitted from the first device; and

wirelessly transmitting the plurality of messages and the TOD information from the first device, wherein the plurality of messages are transmitted such that at least two of the messages are on different radio frequency (RF) channels.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting further comprises transmitting at least two messages spaced apart in time on the same RF channel.

3. The method of claim 1, and further comprising generating the information representing the TOD information in terms of absolute time or relative time as measured from a counter, oscillator, clock, or other timing reference.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the plurality of messages comprises including the TOD information within a field of at least one of the plurality of messages.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein generating comprises embedding the TOD information for each message within the respective message.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein generating comprises embedding the TOD information for the plurality of messages into a summary message that is transmitted by the first device.

7. The method of claim 1, and further comprising:

receiving one or more of the plurality of messages at multiple ones of a plurality of second devices; and

computing a location of the first device based on data associated with time of arrival (TOA) of the messages at multiple ones of the second devices and the information representing the TOD information associated with the plurality of messages.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein computing comprises computing an estimate of a frequency offset of an oscillator in the first device based on the TOAs of at least two messages that are transmitted on the same RF channel and the TOD information of the respective messages that are received at at least one of the second devices.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein computing comprises computing the location of the first device by normalizing to a reference time the TOD information for messages received at multiple second devices using the frequency offset and computing the location of the first device from the TOAs of the messages as if the plurality of messages were transmitted on the same RF channel.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein computing is performed at one or more third devices.

27. The method of claim 1, wherein wireless transmitting comprises wirelessly transmitting the plurality of messages on different frequency channels so that different second devices operating on different frequency channels receive different ones of the plurality of messages and determine time of arrival of received messages to enable computation of the location of the first device using the times of arrival of the messages at different second devices and times of departure of the messages.

11. An apparatus comprising:

a controller that is configured to generate a plurality of messages and time of departure (TOD) information that indicates when the respective messages are transmitted from a first device; and

a transmitter coupled to the controller, wherein the transmitter is configured to wirelessly transmit the plurality of messages and the TOD information from the first device such that at least two of the messages are on different radio frequency (RF) channels.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the transmitter is further configured to transmit at least two messages spaced apart in time on the same RF channel.

13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the controller generates the information representing the TOD information in terms of absolute time or relative time as measured from a counter, oscillator, clock, or other timing reference.

14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the controller is configured to include the TOD information within a field of at least one of the messages.

15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the controller is configured to embed the TOD information for each message within the respective message.

16. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the controller is configured to embed the TOD information for the plurality of messages into a summary message.

28. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the controller is configured to control the transmitter to transmit the plurality of messages on different frequency channels so that different second devices operating on different frequency channels receive different ones of the plurality of messages and determine time of arrival of received messages to enable computation of the location of the first device using the times of arrival of the messages at different second devices and times of departure of the messages.

17. Logic encoded in one or more non-transitory tangible media for execution and when executed operable to:

generate a plurality of messages which are to be transmitted from a first device whose location is to be determined;

generate time of departure (TOD) information that indicates when the respective messages are transmitted from the first device; and

select radio frequency (RF) channels for wireless transmission of the plurality of messages such that at least two of the messages are transmitted on different RF channels.

18. The logic of claim 17, wherein the logic that selects comprises logic that further selects the same RF channel for wireless transmission of at least two messages spaced apart in time.

19. The logic of claim 17, and further comprising logic that generates the TOD information in terms of absolute time or relative time as measured from a counter, oscillator, clock, or other timing reference.

20. The logic of claim 17, wherein the logic that generates the plurality of messages comprises logic that includes the TOD information within a field of at least one of the messages.

21. The logic of claim 17, and further comprising logic that embeds the TOD information for each message within the respective messages.

22. The logic of claim 17, and further comprising logic that embeds the TOD information for each of the plurality of messages within a message.

29. The logic of claim 17, wherein the logic that selects comprises logic that selects different frequency channels so that different second devices operating on different frequency channels receive different ones of the plurality of messages and determine time of arrival of received messages to enable computation of the location of the first device using the times of arrival of the messages at different second devices and times of departure of the messages.

23. A method comprising:

receiving data representing time of arrival (TOA) of messages that are wireles sly transmitted on multiple radio frequency (RF) channels by a first device and received at multiple ones of a plurality of second devices, and time of departure (TOD) data that indicates when each of the plurality of messages was transmitted by the first device; and

computing a location of the first device based on the TOA of the messages and the TOD data.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein computing comprises computing an estimate of a frequency offset R of an oscillator in the first device based on the TOAs of at least two messages that are transmitted on the same RF channel and the TOD information for the plurality of messages that are received at at least one of the second devices.

25. The method of claim 23, wherein computing comprises computing the location of the first device by normalizing to a reference time the TOD information for messages received at multiple second devices using the frequency offset R and computing the location of the first device from the TOAs of the messages as if the messages were transmitted on the same RF channel.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein computing is performed at one or more third devices.

30. A system comprising:

a first device comprising;

a controller configured to generate a plurality of messages and time of departure (TOD) information that indicates when the respective messages are transmitted from the first device;

a transmitter coupled to the controller, wherein the transmitter is configured to wirelessly transmit the plurality of messages and the TOD information from the first device such that at least two of the messages are on different radio frequency (RF) channels;

a plurality of second devices configured to receive one or more of the plurality of messages; and

a server computer in communication with the plurality of second devices and configured to compute a location of the first device based on data associated with time of arrival (TOA) of the messages at multiple ones of the second devices and the information representing the TOD information associated with the plurality of messages.

31. The system of claim 30, wherein the controller is configured to generate the information representing the TOD information in terms of absolute time or relative time as measured from a counter, oscillator, clock, or other timing reference.

32. The system of claim 30, wherein the controller is configured to include the TOD information within a field of at least one of the messages.

33. The system of claim 30, wherein the controller is configured to embed the TOD information for the plurality of messages into a summary message.

34. The system of claim 30, wherein the server computer is configured to compute an estimate of a frequency offset of an oscillator in the first device based on the TOAs of at least two messages that are transmitted on the same RF channel and the TOD information of the respective messages that are received at at least one of the second devices.

35. The system of claim 34, wherein the server computer is configured to compute the location of the first device by normalizing to a reference time the TOD information for messages received at multiple second devices using the frequency offset and to compute the location of the first device from the TOAs of the messages as if the plurality of messages were transmitted on the same RF channel.