Interconnecting forwarding contexts using u-turn ports

• US 8,340,090 B1
• Filed: 03/08/2007
• Issued: 12/25/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 03/08/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Inventors: Bettink, John H. W., Ward, David Delano, Uberoy, Pawan
• Primary Examiner(s): Chung, Hoon J
• Application Number:
  US11/715,759
• Time in Patent Office: 2,119 Days
• Field of Search: 370/230, 370/235, 370/389, 370/392, 370/395.31, 370/400, 370/401, 709/232, 709/238, 709/243, 709/244, 711/211, 379/272
• US Class Current: 370/389
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/60 Router architectures
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 49/30 Peripheral units, e.g. input or output ports
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 49/70 Virtual switches
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/162 at the data link layer

Abstract

Disclosed are, inter alia, methods, apparatus, computer-readable media, mechanisms, and means for interconnecting forwarding contexts using U-turn ports. A U-turn port typically comprises an egress port and an ingress port such that packets placed in the egress port are automatically forwarded to the ingress port. Other forwarding contexts are able to communicate packets to a next-destination forwarding context by sending these packets to the U-turn port of the next-destination forwarding context.

Claims

1. A packet switching device comprising:

a switching mechanism;

a first line card associated with a first forwarding context configured to identify forwarding information for packets based on a first forwarding information base stored on the first line card, the first line card including a first ingress port and a first egress port; and

a second line card associated with a second forwarding context configured to identify forwarding information for packets based on a second forwarding information base stored on the second line card, the second line card including within the second forwarding context a U-turn port comprising a second ingress port and a second egress port;

wherein the packet switching device is configured to automatically forward all packets, received on the second egress port from the switching mechanism and not dropped at the second egress port, to the second ingress port from the second egress port;

wherein the switching mechanism is configured to communicate packets among a plurality of line cards of the packet switching device, the plurality of line cards including the first line card and the second line card; and

wherein the first line card is configured to forward packets, identified to be sent to the second forwarding context or the second line card based on the first forwarding information base, from the first ingress port over the switching mechanism to the second egress port of the U-turn port via the switching mechanism without traversing an ingress port of the second line card.

2. The packet switching device of claim 1, including:

a third line card associated with a third forwarding context configured to identify forwarding information for packets based on a third forwarding information base stored on the third line card, the third line card including a third ingress port and a third egress port;

wherein the plurality of line cards includes the third line card; and

wherein the third line card is configured to forward packets identified, based on the third forwarding information base, to be sent to the second forwarding context or the second line card from the third ingress port over the switching mechanism to the second egress port of the U-turn port via the switching mechanism without traversing an ingress port of the second line card.

3. The packet switching device of claim 2, wherein all packets (a) forwarded from the first forwarding context on the first line card to the second forwarding context on the second line card, and (b) from the third forwarding context on the third line card to the second forwarding context on the second line card, are forwarded through the U-turn port.

4. The packet switching device of claim 2, wherein the first, the second, and the third forwarding contexts are associated with different logical routers.

5. The packet switching device of claim 2, wherein the second line card is configured to process said packets received on the U-turn port according to the configuration of the second forwarding context.

6. The packet switching device of claim 1, wherein all packets forwarded from the first forwarding context on the first line card to the second forwarding context on the second line card are forwarded through the U-turn port.

7. The packet switching device of claim 1, wherein the first line card includes a third forwarding context configured to identify forwarding information for packets based on a third forwarding information base stored on the first line card, the first line card including a third ingress port and a third egress port;

wherein the first line card is configured to forward packets identified, based on the third forwarding information base, to be sent to the second forwarding context or the second line card from the third ingress port over the switching mechanism to the second egress port of the U-turn port via the switching mechanism without traversing an ingress port of the second line card.

8. The packet switching device of claim 7, wherein all packets forwarded from the first and the third forwarding contexts on the first line card to the second forwarding context on the second line card are forwarded through the U-turn port.

9. The packet switching device of claim 7, wherein the second line card is configured to process said packets received on the U-turn port according to the configuration of the second forwarding context.

10. The packet switching device of claim 1, wherein the second line card is configured to process said packets received on the U-turn port according to the configuration of the second forwarding context.

11. The packet switching device of claim 1, wherein the first and the second forwarding contexts are associated with different virtual routers.

12. The packet switching device of claim 1, wherein the first and the second forwarding contexts are associated with different logical routers.

13. The packet switching device of claim 1, wherein the second egress port is configured such that no packets are dropped by the second egress port.

14. The packet switching device of claim 1, wherein the second ingress port is communicatively coupled to the switching mechanism for communicating packets over the switching mechanism.

15. A method, comprising:

performing operations by a packet switching device, including a switching mechanism;

packet forwarding hardware operating a plurality of forwarding contexts on one or more line cards, including a first forwarding context and a second forwarding context; and

memory associated with the first forwarding context configured to store a first forwarding information base and memory associated with the second forwarding context configured to store a second forwarding information base;

wherein the first forwarding context is associated with a first ingress port and a first egress port for respectively receiving packets and transmitting packets;

wherein the second forwarding context is associated with a U-turn port comprising a second ingress port and a second egress port within the second forwarding context; and

wherein said operations include;

identifying forwarding information for packets associated with the first forwarding context based on the first forwarding information base;

identifying forwarding information for packets associated with the second forwarding context based on the second forwarding information base;

automatically forwarding all packets, that are received on the second egress port from the switching mechanism and not dropped at the second egress port, to the second ingress port from the second egress port;

communicating packets by the switching mechanism among the plurality of forwarding contexts; and

forwarding packets, identified in the first forwarding context based on the first forwarding information base to be sent to the second forwarding context, from the first ingress port over the switching mechanism to the second egress port of the U-turn port without traversing an ingress port of the second forwarding context.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein all packets forwarded from the first forwarding context to the second forwarding context are forwarded through the U-turn port.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the first and the second forwarding contexts are associated with different virtual routers.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein the first and the second forwarding contexts are associated with different logical routers.

19. The packet switching device of claim 15, wherein the second ingress port is communicatively coupled to the switching mechanism for communicating packets over the switching mechanism.

20. A packet switching device comprising:

a switching mechanism; and

one or more line cards configured to forward packets according to a first forwarding context configured to identify forwarding information for packets based on a first forwarding information base, the first forwarding context being associated with a first ingress port and a first egress port for respectively receiving packets and transmitting packets, the first forwarding context including a first U-turn port comprising a particular ingress port and a particular egress port within the first forwarding context;

wherein the packet switching device is configured to automatically forward all packets, that are received on the particular egress port from the switching mechanism and not dropped at the particular egress port, to the particular ingress port from the particular egress port; and

wherein said one or more line cards configured to forward packets according to a second forwarding context configured to identify forwarding information for packets based on a second forwarding information base, the second forwarding context being associated with a second U-turn port comprising a second ingress port and a second egress port within the second forwarding context;

wherein the packet switching device is configured to automatically forward all packets, that are received on the second egress port from the switching mechanism and not dropped at the second egress port, to the second ingress port from the second egress port;

wherein the switching mechanism is configured to communicate packets among a plurality of forwarding contexts of said one or more line cards, with the plurality of forwarding contexts including the first and the second forwarding contexts;

wherein the first forwarding context is configured to forward packets identified, based on the first forwarding information base, to be sent to the second forwarding context from the particular ingress port of the first U-turn over the switching mechanism to the second egress port of the second U-turn port via the switching mechanism without traversing an ingress port of the second forwarding context.

21. The packet switching device of claim 20, wherein the first forwarding context is configured to send packets received on the first ingress port and identified as being associated with a tunnel to the particular egress port of the first U-turn port.

22. The packet switching device of claim 20, wherein the first forwarding context and the second forwarding context are associated with different virtual routers.

23. The packet switching device of claim 20, wherein each of the first ingress port and second ingress port is communicatively coupled to the switching mechanism for communicating packets over the switching mechanism.