Space-time scrambling for cellular systems

• US 8,340,216 B2
• Filed: 03/03/2006
• Issued: 12/25/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 03/18/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Inventors: Schotten, Hans Dieter, Walton, Jay Rodney
• Primary Examiner(s): Yu, Lihong
• Application Number:
  US11/367,094
• Publication Number:
  US 20070177732A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,489 Days
• Field of Search: 375/316
• US Class Current: 375/316
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0065 Serial concatenated codes
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0618 Space-time coding
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0625 Transmitter arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0675 characterised by the signaling

Abstract

Techniques for transmitting data with space-time scrambling in cellular systems (e.g., CDMA systems) are described. At least one stream of data symbols is generated, mapped to one or more physical channels, and spread with channelization codes for the physical channels. Space-time scrambling is performed on the at least one stream of data symbols to generate at least two streams of output chips. The space-time scrambling may be achieved by performing matrix multiplication with a sequence of matrices. For each time interval in which space-time scrambling is performed, a matrix may be selected (e.g., based on a scrambling code for a base station), and data to be sent in the time interval is multiplied with the selected matrix. The matrices used for space-time scrambling may be defined and selected in various manners. The streams of output chips are processed and transmitted from respective transmit antennas.

Claims

1. A base station apparatus comprising:

a processor operative to;

generate at least one stream of data symbols;

identify a set of bits associated with space-time scrambling in a current value of a pseudo-random scrambling code associated with the base station apparatus;

identify a current space-time scrambling matrix from a look-up table of space-time scrambling matrices based on the set of bits; and

perform a matrix multiplication based on the current space-time scrambling matrix and the at least one stream of data symbols to space-time scramble the at least one stream of data symbols into at least two streams of output chips; and

at least two transmitter units operative to transmit the at least two streams of output chips from at least two antennas to at least one receiver in a cellular system.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, for each time interval in which space-time scrambling is performed, the processor is operative to select the space-time scrambling matrix from among the matrices of the look-up table and to perform matrix multiplication with the selected matrix.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is operative to perform space-time scrambling using at least one space-time code, each space-time code corresponding to a different mapping of data symbols to antennas and symbol periods.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is operative to map the at least one stream of data symbols to at least one physical channel and to perform spreading for at least one physical channel with at least one channelization code.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is operative to selectively perform space-time scrambling based on capability of the at least one receiver.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cellular system is a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cellular system is a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA) system.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further operative to select different sequences of space-time scrambling matrices for at least two consecutive blocks of the at least one stream by cycling through a set of space-time scrambling matrices associated with the apparatus in a different order for the respective at least two consecutive blocks.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further operative to select a sequence of space-time scrambling matrices for the matrix multiplication of a given block based on a determination of a fastest acknowledgement (ACK) from the at least one receiver.

10. A method comprising:

generating at least one stream of data symbols;

identifying a set of bits associated with space-time scrambling in a current value of a pseudo-random scrambling code associated with a base station;

identifying a current space-time scrambling matrix from a look-up table of space-time scrambling matrices based on the set of bits;

performing a matrix multiplication based on the current space-time scrambling matrix and the at least one stream of data symbols to space-time scramble the at least one stream of data symbols into at least two streams of output chips; and

transmitting the at least two streams of output chips from at least two antennas to at least one receiver in a cellular system.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:

mapping the at least one stream of data symbols to at least one physical channel; and

performing spreading for the at least one physical channel with at least one channelization code.

12. A base station apparatus comprising:

means for generating at least one stream of data symbols;

means for identifying a set of bits associated with space-time scrambling in a current value of a pseudo-random scrambling code associated with the base station apparatus;

means for identifying a current space-time scrambling matrix from a look-up table of space-time scrambling matrices based on the set of bits;

means for performing a matrix multiplication based on the current space-time scrambling matrix and the at least one stream of data symbols to space-time scramble the at least one stream of data symbols into at least two streams of output chips;

means for transmitting the at least two streams of output chips from at least two antennas to at least one receiver in a cellular system.

13. The base station apparatus of claim 12, further comprising:

means for mapping the at least one stream of data symbols to at least one physical channel; and

means for performing spreading for the at least one physical channel with at least one channelization code.

14. A base station apparatus, comprising:

a processor operative to

generate at least one stream of data symbols for at least one terminal in a wireless communication systems;

identify a set of bits associated with space-time scrambling in a current value of a pseudo-random scrambling code associated with the base station apparatus;

identify a current space-time scrambling matrix from a look-up table of space-time scrambling matrices based on the set of bits;

perform a matrix multiplication based on the current space-time scrambling matrix and the at least one stream of data symbols to space-time scramble the at least one stream of data symbols according to a sequence of space-time scrambling matrices into at least two streams of output chips for transmission via at least two antennas, wherein neighboring base stations in the wireless communication system use different sequences of matrices for space-time scrambling;

wherein different sequences of space-time scrambling matrices are used to space-time scramble at least two consecutive blocks of the at least one stream of data symbols; and

a memory coupled to the processor.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the base station is associated with multiple sequences of matrices, and wherein the sequence of matrices used for space-time scrambling is selected from among the multiple sequences of matrices.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the multiple sequences of matrices provide different performance in different channel conditions.

17. The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising:

a controller operative to receive feedback from the at least one terminal and to select one sequence of matrices from among multiple sequences of matrices based on the received feedback, wherein the selected sequence of matrices is used by the processor for space-time scrambling.

18. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the sequence of matrices has a predetermined duration and repeats periodically.

19. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the sequence of matrices has a duration of one frame or less in a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system.

20. A method comprising:

generating at least one stream of data symbols for at least one terminal in a wireless communication system;

identifying a set of bits associated with space-time scrambling in a current value of a pseudo-random scrambling code associated with a base station;

identifying a current space-time scrambling matrix from a look-up table of space-time scrambling matrices based on the set of bits;

performing a matrix multiplication based on the current space-time scrambling matrix and the at least one stream of data symbols to space-time scramble the at least one stream of data symbols according to a sequence of space-time scrambling matrices into at least two streams of output chips for transmission via at least two antennas, wherein neighboring base stations in the wireless communication system use different sequences of matrices for space-time scrambling; and

wherein different sequences of matrices are used to space-time scramble at least two consecutive blocks of the at least one stream of data symbols.

21. A base station apparatus comprising:

means for generating at least one stream of data symbols for at least one terminal in a wireless communication system;

means for identifying a subset of bits associated with space-time scrambling in a current value of a pseudo-random scrambling code associated with the base station apparatus;

means for identifying a current space-time scrambling matrix from a look-up table of space-time scrambling matrices based on the subset of bits; and

means for performing a matrix multiplication based on the current space-time scrambling matrix and the at least one stream of data symbols to space-time scramble the at least one stream of data symbols according to a sequence of space-time scrambling matrices into at least two streams of output chips for transmission via at least two antennas, wherein neighboring base stations in the wireless communication system use different sequences of matrices for space-time scrambling;

wherein different sequences of matrices are used to space-time scramble at least two consecutive blocks of the at least one stream of data symbols.

22. A base station apparatus, comprising:

a processor operative to

generate at least one stream of data symbols for at least one terminal;

map the at least one stream of data symbols to at least one physical channel;

perform spreading for the at least one physical channel with at least one channelization code to generate at least one stream of data chips;

identify a set of bits associated with space-time scrambling in a current value of a pseudo-random scrambling code associated with the base station apparatus;

identify a current space-time scrambling matrix from a look-up table of space-time scrambling matrices based on the set of bits; and

perform a matrix multiplication based on the current space-time scrambling matrix and the at least one stream of data chips to space-time scramble the at least one stream of data chips into at least two streams of output chips for transmission via at least two antennas;

wherein different sequences of space-time scrambling matrices are used to perform space-time scrambling on at least two consecutive blocks of the at least one stream of data symbols; and

a memory coupled to the processor.

23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein for each time interval in which space-time scrambling is performed the processor is operative to select the space-time scrambling matrix from among the matrices associated with the look-up table and to perform matrix multiplication with the selected matrix.

24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein each time interval corresponds to a chip period, and wherein the processor is operative to select the space-time scrambling matrix from among the plurality of matrices in each chip period.

25. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein each time interval corresponds to a symbol period, and wherein the processor is operative to select a new space-time scrambling matrix from among the matrices associated with the look-up table in each symbol period.

26. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the processor is operative to perform space-time scrambling for all physical channels being transmitted by the base station.

27. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the at least one stream of data symbols is for High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) in Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA).

28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the processor is operative to perform space-time scrambling for High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channels (HS-PDSCHs).

29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the processor is further operative to perform space-time scrambling for Shared Control Channels for High Speed Downlink Shared Channels (HS-DSCH) (HS-SCCHs).

30. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the processor is further operative to perform space-time scrambling for a Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH) and a Common Pilot Channel (CPICH).

31. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the processor is further operative to perform space-time scrambling for a downlink Dedicated Physical Channel (DPCH).

32. A base station apparatus, comprising:

a processor operative to;

process a plurality of blocks of data to generate at least one stream of data symbols for at least one terminal, each block of data being sent in a transmission time interval (TTI);

map the at least one stream of data symbols to at least one physical channel;

perform spreading for the at least one physical channel with at least one channelization code to generate at least one stream of data chips;

identify a set of bits associated with space-time scrambling in a current value of a pseudo-random scrambling code associated with the base station apparatus;

identify a current space-time scrambling matrix from a look-up table of space-time scrambling matrices based on the set of bits; and

perform a matrix multiplication of the current space-time scrambling matrix and the at least one stream of data symbols to space-time scramble the at least one stream of data chips into at least two streams of output chips for transmission via at least two antennas;

wherein the processor is operative to selectively perform space-time scrambling for each of a plurality of TTIs such that space-time scrambling is not performed for at least one of the plurality of TTIs,

wherein each TTI comprises multiple time intervals,

wherein for each time interval in which space-time scrambling is performed the processor is operative to select a new space-time scrambling matrix from among the space-time scrambling matrices associated with the look-up table based on the scrambling code and to perform matrix multiplication on the at least one stream of data chips with the selected new space-time scrambling matrix; and

a memory coupled to the processor.

33. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the processor is operative to selectively perform space-time scrambling on TTIs that serve terminals capable of performing space-time descrambling, and to omit space-time descrambling on TTIs that serve terminals not capable of performing space-time descrambling.

34. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the processor is operative to send signaling for respective TTIs in the plurality of TTIs indicating whether space-time scrambling has been performed for the respective TTIs.

35. A method comprising:

generating at least one stream of data symbols for at least one terminal;

mapping the at least one stream of data symbols to at least one physical channel;

performing spreading for the at least one physical channel with at least one channelization code to generate at least one stream of data chips;

identifying a set of bits associated with space-time scrambling in a current value of a pseudo-random scrambling code associated with a base station;

identifying a current space-time scrambling matrix from a look-up table of space-time scrambling matrices based on the set of bits; and

performing a matrix multiplication of the current space-time scrambling matrix and the at least one stream of data chips to space-time scramble the at least one stream of data chips into at least two streams of output chips for transmission via at least two antennas;

wherein different sequences of space-time scrambling matrices are used to space-time scramble at least two consecutive blocks of the at least one stream of data chips.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein the at least one stream of data symbols is for High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), and wherein space-time scrambling is performed for High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channels (HS-PDSCHs).

37. A base station apparatus comprising:

means for generating at least one stream of data symbols for at least one terminal;

means for mapping the at least one stream of data symbols to at least one physical channel;

means for performing spreading for the at least one physical channel with at least one channelization code to generate at least one stream of data chips;

means for identifying a set of bits associated with space-time scrambling in a current value of a pseudo-random scrambling code;

means for identifying a current space-time scrambling matrix from a look-up table of space-time scrambling matrices based on the set of bits; and

means for performing a matrix multiplication of the current space-time scrambling matrix and the at least one stream of data chips to space-time scramble the at least one stream of data chips into at least two streams of output chips for transmission via at least two antennas;

wherein different sequences of matrices are used to space-time scramble at least two consecutive blocks of the at least one stream of data chips.

38. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein the at least one stream of data symbols is for High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), and wherein space-time scrambling is performed for High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channels (HS-PDSCHs).

39. An apparatus comprising:

at least one receiver unit operative to;

receive at least two streams of output chips from a transmitter in a cellular system and to generate at least one stream of input samples; and

a processor operative to;

identify a set of bits associated with space-time scrambling in a current value of a pseudo-random scrambling code associated with the transmitter;

identify a current space-time scrambling matrix from a look-up table of space-time scrambling matrices based on the set of bits;

perform a matrix multiplication based on the current space-time scrambling matrix and the at least one stream of input samples to space-time descramble the at least one stream of input samples into at least one stream of descrambled samples; and

process the at least one stream of descrambled samples to obtain an estimate of at least one stream of data symbols.

40. The apparatus of claim 39, wherein the processor is operative to perform despreading on the at least one stream of descrambled samples for at least one physical channel with at least one channelization code to obtain at least one stream of despread symbols.

41. A method comprising:

obtaining at least one stream of input samples for at least two streams of output chips received from a transmitter in a cellular system;

identifying a set of bits associated with space-time scrambling in a current value of a pseudo-random scrambling code associated with the transmitter;

identifying a current space-time scrambling matrix from a look-up table of space-time scrambling matrices based on the set of bits;

performing a matrix multiplication based on the current space-time scrambling matrix and the at least one stream of input samples to space-time descramble the at least one stream of input samples into at least one stream of descrambled samples; and

processing the at least one stream of descrambled samples to obtain an estimate of at least one stream of data symbols.

42. An apparatus comprising:

means for obtaining at least one stream of input samples for at least two streams of output chips received from a transmitter in a cellular system;

means for identifying a set of bits associated with space-time scrambling in a current value of a scrambling code associated with the transmitter;

means for identifying a current space-time scrambling matrix from a look-up table of space-time scrambling matrices based on the set of bits;

means for performing a matrix multiplication based on the current space-time scrambling code matrix and the at least one stream of input samples to space-time descramble the at least one stream of input samples into at least one stream of descrambled samples; and

means for processing the at least one stream of descrambled samples to obtain an estimate of at least one stream of data symbols.

43. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer-executable instructions for:

generating at least one stream of data symbols;

identifying a set of bits associated with space-time scrambling in a current value of a continually updated pseudo-random scrambling code;

identifying a current space-time scrambling matrix from a look-up table of space-time scrambling matrices based on the set of bits; and

performing a matrix multiplication based on the current space-time scrambling matrix and the at least one stream of data symbols to space-time scramble the at least one stream of data symbols into at least two streams of output chips.

44. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 43, the computer-executable instructions further for:

mapping the at least one stream of data symbols to at least one physical channel; and

performing spreading for the at least one physical channel with at least one channelization code.