Method and system for corn fractionation

• US 8,344,108 B2
• Filed: 07/21/2009
• Issued: 01/01/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 01/06/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Board of Trustees of The University of Illinois
• Original Assignee: Board of Trustees of The University of Illinois
• Inventors: Cheryan, Munir
• Primary Examiner(s): TSAY, MARSHA M
• Application Number:
  US12/506,862
• Publication Number:
  US 20100016554A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,260 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 530/376
• CPC Class Codes: A23J 1/006 from vegetable materials A23J1/005, A23J1/12 and A23J1/14 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A23J 1/144 Desolventization
• CPC Class Codes: A23K 20/147 Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
• CPC Class Codes: A23L 5/23 by extraction with solvents
• CPC Class Codes: A23L 7/115 Cereal fibre products, e.g. bran, husk
• CPC Class Codes: A23L 7/197 Treatment of whole grains not provided for in groups A23L7/117 - A23L7/196 preservation A23B9/00
• CPC Class Codes: C08B 30/044 from corn or maize
• CPC Class Codes: C11B 1/10 by extracting
• CPC Class Codes: C11B 1/108 after-treatment, e.g. of miscellae

Abstract

Methods and apparatus for processing corn into one or more corn products. Zein is extracted from corn or corn products or by-products with a solvent. The corn-solvent mixture is separated into streams, one of which preferably includes an extract containing at least zein and solvent, and another that contains de-zeined corn solids and adsorbed solvent. The solvent is separated from the zein, and the de-zeined, desolventized corn solids are processed to provide one or more corn products.

Claims

1. A process for fractionation of corn, the process comprising:

preparing the corn for extraction to obtain prepared corn that has not been steeped and has not been de-germed;

extracting zein from the prepared corn that has not been steeped and has not been de-germed with a solvent to provide an extracted zein-solvent mixture, wherein the solvent comprises at least one of an alcohol, an ethanol, and a solution of at least one of an alcohol or ethanol combined with water;

separating the extracted zein-solvent mixture into at least a stream including an extract comprising the zein and solvent, and another stream comprising de-zeined corn solids and adsorbed solvent;

separating zein from the solvent in the extract by membrane processing the extract;

desolventizing the de-zeined corn solids to remove the adsorbed solvent;

resuspending said desolventized, de-zeined corn solids in water; and

separating one or more of the fiber, starch, and protein from the resuspended desolventized, de-zeined corn solids to produce one or more corn products.

2. The process of claim 1 wherein said preparing the corn for extraction comprises at least one of dry-grinding the corn and flaking the corn.

3. The process of claim 1 wherein said extracting using the solvent comprises at least one of batch and continuous extracting.

4. The process of claim 1 wherein said separating the extracted corn-solvent mixture uses at least one of centrifugation, filtration, and membrane filtration.

5. The process of claim 1 wherein said separating the solvent from the zein comprises ultrafiltration.

6. The process of claim 1 wherein said desolventizing the de-zeined corn solids uses at least one of vacuum, heat, steam, air and gas.

7. The process of claim 1 wherein said separating one or more of the fiber, starch, and protein comprises separating fiber, and further comprising:

washing the separated fiber.

8. The process of claim 7 further comprising:

dewatering and drying the separated and washed fiber.

9. The process of claim 8 wherein the wash water from said fiber dewatering is membrane filtered to recover protein and starch.

10. The process of claim 7 wherein the de-zeined, desolventized corn solids after said fiber separating comprise a suspension including substantially oil, starch, and protein in water, and further comprising:

dewatering and thickening the suspension by at least one of a centrifuge, a membrane microfilter, and a membrane ultrafilter.

11. The process of claim 10 wherein the suspension is separated into crude starch and a protein fraction including oil.

12. The process of claim 11 further comprising:

washing and purifying the crude starch using water.

13. The process of claim 12 wherein said washing and purifying uses at least one of a hydrocyclone and a membrane microfilter.

14. The process of claim 13, further comprising:

passing the wash water from said starch purifying through at least one of a membrane, a reverse osmosis membrane, a nanofiltration membrane, an ultrafiltration membrane and a microfiltration membrane, to recover clean water and concentrated solids.

15. The process of claim 14 wherein the permeate from said passing through the membrane is recycled to upstream operations.

16. The process of claim 15 further comprising:

recycling retained solids from said passing through the membrane to upstream operations to recover the solids.

17. The process of claim 11, further comprising:

thickening the separated protein fraction in a gluten thickener, wherein the gluten thickener includes at least one of a centrifuge, a membrane microfilter, and an ultrafilter designed to retain substantially all proteins and starch.

18. The process of claim 17 wherein said thickening uses a centrifuge, and wherein the overflow from the centrifuge is sent to at least one of a membrane microfilter, an ultrafilter, and a nanofilter to recover substantially all the protein.

19. The process of claim 18 wherein said thickening uses a gluten filter, and further comprising:

membrane processing the filtrate from the gluten filter using at least one of reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, and microfiltration to recover protein with oil.