Variable class characteristic amplifier

• US 8,344,801 B2
• Filed: 04/20/2010
• Issued: 01/01/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 04/02/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: MKS Instruments Incorporated
• Original Assignee: MKS Instruments Incorporated
• Inventors: Owen, Christopher Michael, Chawla, Yogendra K.
• Primary Examiner(s): NGUYEN, HIEU P
• Application Number:
  US12/763,640
• Publication Number:
  US 20110241781A1
• Time in Patent Office: 987 Days
• Field of Search: 330/251, 330262-264, 330/207.A, 330/10
• US Class Current: 330/251
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/0205 in transistor amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/565 using inductive elements
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/378 A variable capacitor being added in the output circuit, e.g. collector, drain, of an amplifier stage
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/387 A circuit being added at the output of an amplifier to adapt the output impedance of the amplifier
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/391 the output circuit of an amplifying stage comprising an LC-network
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/537 A transformer being used as coupling element between two amplifying stages
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/2176 Class E amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/265 with field-effect transistors only

Abstract

A power amplifier (PA) adjustably operable between two classes of operation. The range of operation lies in a range of operation between a conventional, linear, conjugately matched Class AB characteristic amplifier and a higher efficiency switching Class E characteristic amplifier. A circuit topology having a push-pull configuration that allows a Class E characteristic of operation.

Claims

1. A power amplifier, comprising:

a switch module, the switch module receiving an input signal and generating a switch module signal in accordance with the input signal;

a transformer module, the transformer module receiving the switch module signal and generating a transformer signal; and

an output module, the output module receiving the transformer signal and generating an output signal based on the transformer signal,

wherein the power amplifier operates in a plurality of modes, each of the plurality of modes characteristic of a respective one of a plurality of power amplifier classes, and wherein a value of a circuit component located within the output module is varied, based on the input signal, to switch between the plurality of modes of the power amplifier.

2. The power amplifier of claim 1 wherein the switch module includes a switching element, the switching element being responsive to the input signal to generate a voltage and a current across the switching element.

3. The power amplifier of claim 2 wherein the output module includes at least a capacitive element and an inductive element, wherein the value of the capacitive element may be one of increased or decreased to cause operation in a first mode.

4. The power amplifier of claim 3 wherein the value of the capacitive element may be the other of increased or decreased to cause operation in a second mode.

5. The power amplifier of claim 1 wherein one of the plurality of modes is Class AB and another of the plurality of modes is Class E.

6. The power amplifier of claim 1 wherein the switch module comprises a transistor.

7. The power amplifier of claim 6 wherein the transistor is a MOSFET device.

8. A power amplifier comprising:

a switch module, the switch module receiving an input signal and generating a switch module signal in accordance with the input signal;

a transformer module, the transformer module receiving the switch module signal and generating a transformer signal; and

an output module, the output module receiving the transformer signal and generating an output signal, the output module including at least a capacitor and an inductor,

wherein the power amplifier operates in a plurality of modes, each of the plurality of modes characteristic of a respective one of a plurality of power amplifier classes, and wherein the value of the capacitor is varied, based on the input signal, to switch between the plurality of modes of the power amplifier.

9. The power amplifier of claim 8 wherein the value of the capacitor may be one of increased or decreased to cause operation in a first mode.

10. The power amplifier of claim 9 wherein the value of the capacitor may be the other of increased or decreased to cause operation in a second mode.

11. The power amplifier of claim 8 wherein one of the plurality of modes is Class AB and another of the plurality of modes is Class E.

12. The power amplifier of claim 11 wherein the switch module comprises a transistor.

13. The power amplifier of claim 12 wherein the transistor is a MOSFET device.

14. A power amplifier comprising:

a first switch module, the first switch module responsive to an input signal and generating a first switch module signal in accordance with the input signal;

a second switch module arranged in a push-pull configuration with the first switch module, the second switch module responsive to the input signal and generating a second switch module signal in accordance with the input signal, the first and second switch module signals cooperating to generate a composite switch module signal;

a transformer module, the transformer module receiving the composite switch module signal and generating a transformer signal; and

an output module, the output module receiving the transformer signal and generating an output signal,

wherein the power amplifier operates in a plurality of modes, each of the plurality of modes characteristic of a respective one of a plurality of power amplifier classes, and wherein a value of a circuit component located within the output module is varied, based on the input signal, to switch between the plurality of modes of the power amplifier.

15. The power amplifier of claim 14 wherein the output module includes at least an inductive element and a first capacitive element.

16. The power amplifier of claim 15 further comprising a second capacitive element.

17. The power amplifier of claim 14 wherein the first switch module comprises a first switch element, and the second switch module comprises a second switch element.

18. The power amplifier of claim 17 wherein the first switch element includes a first transistor device and the second switch element includes a second transistor device, and wherein the output terminals of the first and second transistors are connected through the transformer module to form the push-pull arrangement.

19. The power amplifier of claim 18 wherein the transformer module includes a primary and a secondary winding and wherein the output terminals of the first and second transistors are connected to respective first and second terminals of the primary winding.

20. The power amplifier of claim 19 further comprising a voltage source electrically communicating with at least one of the output terminals of the first and second transistors through at least a portion of the primary winding.

21. The power amplifier of claim 20 further comprising an inductance interposed between the voltage source and the at least a portion of the primary winding.

22. The power amplifier of claim 14 wherein the output module further comprises a network including an inductor and a first a capacitor.

23. The power amplifier of claim 22 wherein the output module further comprises a second capacitor, the first and second capacitor and the inductor being arranged in a CLC network.

24. A power amplifier comprising:

a first switch module, the first switch module being responsive to an input signal and generating a first switch module signal in accordance with the input signal;

a second switch module arranged in a push-pull configuration with the first switch module, the second switch module responsive to the input signal and generating a second switch module signal in accordance with the input signal, the first and second switch module signals cooperating to generate a composite switch module signal;

a transformer module, the transformer module receiving the composite switch module signal and generating a transformer signal; and

an output module, the output module receiving the transformer signal and generating an output signal, the output module including a first capacitive element and an inductive element,

wherein the power amplifier operates in a plurality of modes, each of the plurality of modes characteristic of a respective one of a plurality of power amplifier classes, and wherein the value of the capacitive element is varied, based on the input signal, to switch between the plurality of modes of the power amplifier.

25. The power amplifier of claim 24 wherein the first switch module includes a first switch element and the second switch module includes a second switch element, the switch elements being responsive to the input signal to generate voltage and current across the switch element.

26. The power amplifier of claim 24 wherein the capacitive element is one of increased or decreased to cause operation in a first mode.

27. The power amplifier of claim 26 wherein the capacitive element may be the other of increased or decreased to cause operation in a second mode.

28. The power amplifier of claim 26 further comprising a second capacitive element, wherein the first capacitive element, the second capacitive element, and the inductive element are arranged in PI network.

29. The power amplifier of claim 24 wherein the first switch module comprises a first switch element, and the second switch module comprises a second switch element.

30. The power amplifier of claim 29 wherein the first and second switch elements comprise transistors.

31. The power amplifier of claim 24 wherein the transformer modules includes a primary and a secondary winding and wherein the first and second switch modules include respective first and second output terminals, wherein the first and second output terminals are connected to respective first and second terminals of the primary winding.

32. The power amplifier of claim 31 further comprising a voltage source electrically communicating with at least one of the output terminals of the first and second switch modules through at least a portion of the primary winding.

33. The power amplifier of claim 32 further comprising an inductive element interposed between the voltage source and the at least a portion of the primary winding.

34. The power amplifier of claim 24 wherein one of the plurality of modes is Class AB and another of the plurality of modes is Class E.

35. A power amplifier comprising:

a first switching device, the first switching device responsive to an input signal to generate a first switching device signal;

a second switching device arranged in a push-pull configuration with the first switching device, the second switching device responsive to the input signal to generate a second switching device signal, the first and second switching device signals cooperating to generate a composite switching device signal;

a transformer module, the transformer module receiving the composite switching device signal and generating a transformer signal; and

an output module, the output module receiving the transformer signal and generating an output signal, the output module including a first capacitor and an inductor,

wherein the power amplifier operates in a plurality of modes, each of the plurality of modes characteristic of a respective one of Class AB or Class E power amplifier classes, and wherein the value of the capacitor is varied, based on the input signal, to switch between the plurality of modes of the power amplifier.

36. The power amplifier of claim 35 wherein the first switching device and the second switching device are responsive to the input signal to generate voltage and current across the respective switching elements.

37. The power amplifier of claim 35 wherein the value of the first capacitor is one of increased or decreased to cause operation in a first mode.

38. The power amplifier of claim 37 wherein the value of the first capacitor may be the other of increased or decreased to cause operation in a second mode.

39. The power amplifier of claim 35 wherein increasing the value of the first capacitor causes operation in a Class E mode and decreasing the value of the first capacitor causes operation in Class AB mode.

40. The power amplifier of claim 35 further comprising a second capacitor, wherein the first capacitor, the second capacitor, and the inductor are arranged in PI network, and the first capacitor electrically communicates with a terminal of the inductor opposite the terminal that receives the composite switching device signal.

41. The power amplifier of claim 35 wherein the first and second switching devices comprise respective first and second transistors.

42. The power amplifier of claim 41 wherein the first and second transistor devices are MOSFET devices.

43. The power amplifier of claim 35 wherein the transformer module includes a primary and a secondary winding and wherein the first and second switching devices include respective first and second output terminals, wherein the first and second output terminals are connected to respective first and second terminals of the primary winding.

44. The power amplifier of claim 43 further comprising a voltage source electrically communicating with at least one of the output terminals of the first and second switching devices through at least a portion of the primary winding.

45. The power amplifier of claim 43 further comprising a voltage supply inductor interposed between the voltage source and the at least a portion of the primary winding.

46. The power amplifier of claim 45 further comprising a resistive element in parallel with the voltage supply inductor.