Spinal cord implant systems and methods

• US 8,346,366 B2
• Filed: 03/24/2011
• Issued: 01/01/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 01/17/2007
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Lahey Clinic Foundation Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Lahey Clinic Foundation Incorporated
• Inventors: Arle, Jeffrey Edward, Shils, Jay Lawrence
• Primary Examiner(s): Layno, Carl H
• Assistant Examiner(s): Patel, Natasha
• Application Number:
  US13/071,327
• Publication Number:
  US 20110224755A1
• Time in Patent Office: 649 Days
• Field of Search: 607/48, 607/49, 607/50, 607/52, 607/117
• US Class Current: 607/48
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/046 in a matrix array
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0031 Implanted circuitry
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1104 induced by stimuli or drugs; A61B5/1102 takes precedence; investigating medicinal preparations G01N33/15
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/24 Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/389 Electromyography [EMG]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4041 Evaluating nerves condition
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/407 Evaluating the spinal cord A61B5/4896 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/486 Bio-feedback A61B5/375 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6846 specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6882 Anchoring means
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2/482 Electrical means
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0551 Spinal or peripheral nerve electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0553 Paddle shaped electrodes, e.g. for laminotomy
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0556 Cuff electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36185 Selection of the electrode configuration
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37288 Communication to several implantable medical devices within one patient

Abstract

A system for transferring spinal cord signals comprises a superior electrode and an inferior electrode. The superior electrode interfaces with a first portion of a spinal cord of a human body; and the inferior electrode interfaces with a second portion of the spinal cord. The superior electrode has at least one superior contact for receiving signals from the first portion of the spinal cord to transmit to the inferior electrode; and the inferior electrode has at least one inferior contact for transmitting signals received from the superior electrode to the second portion of the spinal cord.

Claims

1. A method of restoring or enhancing motor function to a patient with a spinal cord injury, the method comprising:

receiving signals originating in at least one of a brain and a central nervous system of the patient at a superior electrode array implanted in the spinal cord superior to the spinal cord injury;

transmitting signals from the superior electrode array to an inferior electrode array implanted in the spinal cord inferior to the spinal cord injury in response to the nervous signals;

receiving the transmitted signals with the inferior electrode array; and

stimulating the spinal cord in response to the received signals to restore or enhance motor function of the patient.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein transmitting signals includes wirelessly transmitting signals from the superior electrode array to the inferior electrode array.

3. The method of claim 1 further including:

generating stimulation signals in response to the received signals; and

wherein stimulating the spinal cord includes applying the stimulation signals to the spinal cord with inferior electrode array.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein transmitting the signals from the superior electrode array to an inferior electrode array includes:

transmitting the signals to an external processor;

altering the signals with the external processor based on a desired motor function response; and

transmitting the altered signals from the processor to the inferior electrode array.

5. The method of claim 1 further comprising:

receiving other signals originating in a peripheral nervous system of the patient at the inferior electrode array; and

transmitting the other signals from the inferior electrode array to the superior electrode array.

6. The method of claim 1 further comprising:

evaluating which electrodes in the superior and inferior electrode arrays are functional; and

translating recorded signals into stimulation signals corresponding to specific body movements based on the evaluation.

7. The method of claim 1 further comprising:

implanting processing circuitry within a subdural space of the spinal cord; and

coupling the processing circuitry to at least one of the superior and inferior electrode arrays.

8. A method for treating a patient with a spinal cord injury, the method comprising:

(a) implanting a superior electrode array in a spinal cord superior to a spinal cord injury site;

(b) implanting an inferior electrode array in the spinal cord inferior to the spinal cord injury site;

(c) evaluating which electrodes in the superior and inferior electrode arrays are functional; and

(d) placing the superior electrode array in electrical communication with the inferior electrode array.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein implanting at least one of the superior and inferior electrode arrays includes positioning the at least one of the superior and inferior electrode arrays within a subdural space of the spinal cord.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein implanting at least one of the superior and inferior electrode array includes:

removing a lamina of a vertebra; and

opening a dura mater to expose a subdural space.

11. The method of claim 8 wherein implanting at least one of the superior and inferior electrode arrays includes positioning the at least one of the superior and inferior electrode arrays along a lateral side of the spinal cord.

12. The method of claim 8 wherein implanting the superior electrode array includes positioning the superior electrode array along a lateral side of the spinal cord and further comprising:

implanting another superior electrode array along another lateral side of the spinal cord.

13. The method of claim 8 wherein implanting at least one of the superior and inferior electrode arrays includes positioning the at least one of the superior and inferior electrode arrays along a dorsal side of the spinal cord.