Models and methods for reducing visual complexity and search effort via ideal information abstraction, hiding, and sequencing

• US 8,346,587 B2
• Filed: 06/30/2003
• Issued: 01/01/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 06/30/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Microsoft Corporation
• Inventors: Horvitz, Eric J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Sterrett, Jonathan G
• Application Number:
  US10/609,819
• Publication Number:
  US 20040267600A1
• Time in Patent Office: 3,473 Days
• Field of Search: 705/7, 705/7.12, 715/744
• US Class Current: 705/7.12
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/954 Navigation, e.g. using categorised browsing
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 30/0202 Market predictions or forecasting for commercial activities
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 30/0204 Market segmentation

Abstract

The present invention relates to a system and methodology for controlling and presenting information to users in an automated manner. Sets of information items accessible by users from computer workspaces (e.g., from within and/or outside an application) are automatically hidden or reduced from view in order to facilitate user processing of a determined and/or reduced subset of information. The reduced subset is created from decision-theoretic considerations of the expected costs and benefits of hiding or mitigating information items from view or presentation while leaving more likely items or objects exposed for efficient access by users. The display of the ideal set of items takes into consideration controls that allow for the access of views that reveal sets of less likely items through one or more gestures. The control of the optimization may be facilitated by preference-assessment interfaces that allow a designer and/or a user to assess preferences about the costs of reviewing sets of items of different lengths and about the costs of gestures to reveal additional items.

Claims

1. A system that facilitates displaying information in connection with a computer user'"'"'s computer workspace, comprising:

at least one processor that executes a plurality of components, the components comprising;

a component that determines a likelihood value for a plurality of display items, the likelihood for each of the plurality of display items indicating a likelihood that a user will access the display item as part of using the computer workspace, the likelihood being determined based at least in part on detected actions of the user indicating a context of user interaction with the computer workspace;

a cost component that determines, for each of the plurality of display items, a navigation cost to access the display item if the display item is hidden on the display; and

a hiding component that selectively exposes a subset of the plurality of display items, the subset being selected based at least in part upon the determined likelihood value and the navigation cost, the hiding component segmenting the plurality of display items a into a subset of displayed items d and one or more subsets of items h that are hidden but accessible via action or gesture,

wherein the workspace comprises a word processing application and the display items are choices in a dropdown menu associated with a menu item relating to at least one function performed by the word processing application.

2. The system of claim 1, the action or gesture includes a mouse click or keystroke to navigate for hidden information.

3. The system of claim 1, the hiding component processes the set a that includes a number of elements |a|=n total candidate items that are potentially of interest or value to a user, the n items are automatically separated into proper subsets of a, including a displayed subset d of |d| items and a hidden subset h of |h| items, where |d|+|h|=n.

4. The system of claim 1, further comprising:

a ranking component that includes a function that applies an ordering to the likelihood of items to a user in a context, defined by observed evidence, E.

5. The system of claim 4, the observed evidence E includes one or more of background information about usage, usage patterns of items or related items, content associated with items, time of day, content topic, recently accessed content or recently and accessed topic content.

6. The system of claim 4, the ranking component includes a ranking function as a coarse or accurate estimate of a likelihood that each item i in a set a is a target item at a time of display and/or access, denoted as p(i is target|E), wherein p is a probability.

7. The system of claim 6, the ranking component includes a probability function that maps to other ranking functions that are learned or applied as a heuristic function.

8. The system of claim 1, the hiding component determines an expected value including expected costs and benefits of moving the top items of d, leading to a cardinality of |d|, and the remaining |h| into the set of hidden items, h, where the total items in an original set a, |a|=|d|+|h|.

9. The system of claim 1, the hiding component determines at least one cost as follows:

Cs,d;

Cost of a user scanning through d given target is in d;

Cs,h;

Cost of a user scanning through h (when set of items h is accessed);

Ch;

Cost of a user accessing h;

Cs,d′

;

Cost of a user scanning through d given that d does not contain the target; and

Co;

Cost of obfuscation of other content as a function of list, or other configuration of the items, size.

10. The system of claim 9, the costs can be summarized by processing functions that yield estimates of the costs for different situations based on details as specifics of a configuration.

11. The system of claim 10, further comprising functions developed through observation and fitting of time and/or metrics of user frustration as gleaned from user studies, or via heuristic estimates of the time, providing a set of functions that assign cost.

12. The system of claim 9, the cost, Cs,d is associated with scanning items in d, which is a function of configuration.

13. The system of claim 12, further comprising a list configuration having an expected cost (on average) of finding a target item on the list, when the target item is present, the expected cost is measured in terms of the number of items that are scanned before finding the target, is |d|/2 if the list is random, and if the list is sorted by likelihood (versus randomly), employ |d|/2 as a average-case expectation.

14. The system of claim 9, the at least one cost includes a cost of performing a gesture to make access to hidden items occur, Ch, which is a function of a user interface component.

15. The system of claim 14, the user interface component exposes h after a pre-set threshold of dwell time on d including a cost that is a function of the time associated with a dwell for a threshold time greater than the pre-set threshold.

16. The system of claim 15, wherein the cost comprises a value indicative of a time to perform an explicit gesture and/or a value computed to indicate user frustration with performing the explicit gesture.

17. The system of claim 14, the user interface component processes a model of cost to the user where the cost of scanning items grows linearly with the number of items, the user interface component sets a cost of access equivalent to scanning a predetermined number of items.

18. The system of claim 1, wherein the display item resides on a workspace including at least one of inside an application and outside the application.

19. The system of claim 1, wherein the display item includes at least one of icons, folders, directories, lists, menus, graphics, text, data, and applications.