Methods and apparatus for detecting molecular interactions using FET arrays
First Claim
1. A method for detecting an analyte in a sample comprisingproviding a sample analyzer comprising an array of at least 105 sensors formed in the substrate, the sensors having a pitch distance of not more than 10 microns, the sensors further comprising a field-effect transistor having a gate oxide with a characteristic thickness, a floating gate, and a characteristic threshold voltage;
- disposing one or more nucleic acid species in proximity to or in contact with at least a portion of the sensors of the array;
disposing a sample in proximity to or in contact with at least a portion of the sensors of the array wherein an interaction between the analyte in the sample and the one or more nucleic acid species effectuates a change in at least one electrical property of at least one sensor of the array to produce one or more outputs reflective of the one or more sensors for which interactions were detected, andregistering the one or more outputs from the one or more sensors in the array after contact with the sample as an indicator of analyte presence.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Methods and apparatuses relating to large scale FET arrays for analyte detection and measurement are provided. ChemFET (e.g., ISFET) arrays may be fabricated using conventional CMOS processing techniques based on improved FET pixel and array designs that increase measurement sensitivity and accuracy, and at the same time facilitate significantly small pixel sizes and dense arrays. Improved array control techniques provide for rapid data acquisition from large and dense arrays. Such arrays may be employed to detect a presence and/or concentration changes of various analyte types in a wide variety of chemical and/or biological processes.
378 Citations
23 Claims
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1. A method for detecting an analyte in a sample comprising
providing a sample analyzer comprising an array of at least 105 sensors formed in the substrate, the sensors having a pitch distance of not more than 10 microns, the sensors further comprising a field-effect transistor having a gate oxide with a characteristic thickness, a floating gate, and a characteristic threshold voltage; -
disposing one or more nucleic acid species in proximity to or in contact with at least a portion of the sensors of the array; disposing a sample in proximity to or in contact with at least a portion of the sensors of the array wherein an interaction between the analyte in the sample and the one or more nucleic acid species effectuates a change in at least one electrical property of at least one sensor of the array to produce one or more outputs reflective of the one or more sensors for which interactions were detected, and registering the one or more outputs from the one or more sensors in the array after contact with the sample as an indicator of analyte presence. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)
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13. A method for detecting an analyte in a sample comprising
providing an apparatus comprising a plurality of nucleic acids attached to a field-effect transistor array comprising 104 field-effect transistors wherein each field-effect transistor includes a floating gate; -
disposing nucleic acids in proximity to or in contact with at least a portion of the field-effect transistor array; disposing a sample in proximity to or in contact with at least a portion of the sensor array, and identifying interactions between the nucleic acids and an analyte present in the sample by detecting changes in electrical output of a field-effect transistor of the field-effect transistor array representative of a change in a diffusion rate of an ionic species in proximity to the field-effect transistor due to the presence of the analyte. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23)
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Specification