System and method for managing replicas of objects in a distributed storage system

• US 8,352,424 B2
• Filed: 02/07/2011
• Issued: 01/08/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 02/09/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Google LLC (Alphabet Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Google Inc. (Alphabet Inc.)
• Inventors: Zunger, Yonatan, Drobychev, Alexandre, Kesselman, Alexander, Vickrey, Rebekah C., Dachille, Frank C., Datuashvili, George
• Primary Examiner(s): Ruiz, Angelica
• Application Number:
  US13/022,290
• Publication Number:
  US 20110196830A1
• Time in Patent Office: 701 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 707/610
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/2094 Redundant storage or storage space G06F11/2056 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/3457 Performance evaluation by simulation
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 13/10 Program control for peripheral devices G06F13/14 - G06F13/42 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/1748 De-duplication implemented within the file system, e.g. based on file segments de-duplication techniques in storage systems for the management of data blocks G06F3/0641
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/1844 Management specifically adapted to replicated file systems
• CPC Class Codes: G06G 7/62 for electric systems or apparatus G06G7/78 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/1095 Replication or mirroring of data, e.g. scheduling or transport for data synchronisation between network nodes
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/1097 for distributed storage of data in networks, e.g. transport arrangements for network file system [NFS], storage area networks [SAN] or network attached storage [NAS]

Abstract

A system and method for generating replication requests for objects in a distributed storage system is provided. Replication requests for objects in a distributed storage system are generated based at least in part on replication policies for the objects and a current state of the distributed storage system, wherein a respective replication request for a respective object instructs a respective instance of the distributed storage system to replicate the respective object so as to at least partially satisfy a replication policy for the respective object, wherein a respective replication policy includes criteria specifying at least storage device types on which replicas of object are to be stored. At least a subset of the replication requests is then distributed to the respective instances of the distributed storage system for execution.

Claims

1. A computer-implemented method for generating replication requests for objects in a distributed storage system, comprising:

at a computer system including one or more processors and memory storing one or more programs, for execution by the one or more processors;

generating replication requests for objects in a distributed storage system based at least in part on replication policies for the objects and a current state of the distributed storage system, wherein a respective replication request for a respective object instructs a respective instance of the distributed storage system to replicate the respective object so as to at least partially satisfy a replication policy for the respective object, wherein a respective replication policy includes criteria specifying at least storage device types on which replicas of object are to be stored;

partitioning the replication requests into groups of respective replication requests corresponding to respective instances of the distributed storage system at which the respective replication requests are to be performed; and

for a respective group of respective replication requests,

determining a respective subset of replication requests for the respective group of respective replication requests that can be completed within a predetermined time interval; and

distributing the respective subset of replication requests for the respective group of respective replication requests to the respective instance of the distributed storage system corresponding to the respective group of respective replication requests for execution.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein prior to distributing the at least the subset of the replication requests to the respective instances of the distributed storage system, the method further comprises:

calculating priorities of the replication requests; and

for a respective group of replication requests, sorting the replication requests in the group of replication requests by priority to produce a sorted group of replication requests.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein calculating a priority of a respective replication request includes calculating the priority of the respective replication request as a difference between a metric corresponding to a benefit of performing the respective replication request and a metric corresponding to a cost of performing the respective replication request.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined time interval is the time interval between iterations of the generating, the partitioning, and the distributing.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising discarding replication requests for the respective group of replication requests that are not included in the respective subset of replication requests for the respective group that can be completed within the predetermined time interval.

6. The method of claim 2, wherein distributing the respective subset of replication requests for the respective group of replication requests to a respective instance of the distributed storage system corresponding to the respective group of respective replication requests for execution includes distributing a respective sorted group of replication requests to the respective instance of the distributed storage system corresponding to the respective group of respective replication requests for execution.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the current state of the distributed storage system includes:

a current network state;

current user quotas for storage space in the distributed storage system;

storage space in the distributed storage system that are currently used by users;

current storage space available at instances of the distributed storage system;

current statuses of replication queues at instances of the distributed storage system;

current planned maintenance operations zones; and

a list of current replicas of objects in the distributed storage system.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein a replication policy for an object includes criteria selected from the group consisting of:

a minimum number of replicas of the object that must be present in the distributed storage system;

a maximum number of the replicas of the object that are allowed to be present in the distributed storage system;

storage device types on which the replicas of the object are to be stored;

locations at which the replicas of the object may be stored;

locations at which the replicas of the object may not be stored; and

a range of ages for the object during which the replication policy for the object applies.

9. A system for generating replication requests for objects in a distributed storage system, comprising:

one or more processors;

memory; and

one or more programs stored in the memory, the one or more programs comprising instructions to;

generate replication requests for objects in a distributed storage system based at least in part on replication policies for the objects and a current state of the distributed storage system, wherein a respective replication request for a respective object instructs a respective instance of the distributed storage system to replicate the respective object so as to at least partially satisfy a replication policy for the respective object, wherein a respective replication policy includes criteria specifying at least storage device types on which replicas of object are to be stored;

partition the replication requests into groups of respective replication requests corresponding to respective instances of the distributed storage system at which the respective replication requests are to be performed; and

for a respective group of respective replication requests,

determine a respective subset of replication requests for the respective group of respective replication requests that can be completed within a predetermined time interval; and

distribute the respective subset of replication requests for the respective group of respective replication requests to the respective instance of the distributed storage system corresponding to the respective group of respective replication requests for execution.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein prior to the instructions to distribute the at least the subset of the replication requests to the respective instances of the distributed storage system, the system includes instructions to:

calculate priorities of the replication requests; and

for a respective group of replication requests, sort the replication requests in the group of replication requests by priority to produce a sorted group of replication requests.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein the instructions to calculate a priority of a respective replication request include instructions to calculate the priority of the respective replication request as a difference between a metric corresponding to a benefit of performing the respective replication request and a metric corresponding to a cost of performing the respective replication request.

12. The system of claim 9, wherein the predetermined time interval is the time interval between iterations of the generating, the partitioning, and the distributing.

13. The system of claim 9, further comprising instructions to discard replication requests for the respective group of replication requests that are not included in the subset of replication requests for the respective group of replication requests.

14. The system of claim 10, wherein the instructions to distribute respective subset of replication requests for the respective group of replication requests to a respective instance of the distributed storage system corresponding to the respective group of respective replication requests for execution include instructions to distribute a respective sorted group of replication requests to the respective instance of the distributed storage system corresponding to the respective group of respective replication requests for execution.

15. The system of claim 9, wherein the current state of the distributed storage system includes:

a current network state;

current user quotas for storage space in the distributed storage system;

storage space in the distributed storage system that are currently used by users;

current storage space available at instances of the distributed storage system;

current statuses of replication queues at instances of the distributed storage system;

current planned maintenance operations zones; and

a list of current replicas of objects in the distributed storage system.

16. The system of claim 9, wherein a replication policy for an object includes criteria selected from the group consisting of:

a minimum number of replicas of the object that must be present in the distributed storage system;

a maximum number of the replicas of the object that are allowed to be present in the distributed storage system;

storage device types on which the replicas of the object are to be stored;

locations at which the replicas of the object may be stored;

locations at which the replicas of the object may not be stored; and

a range of ages for the object during which the replication policy for the object applies.

17. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs configured for execution by a computer, the one or more programs comprising instructions to:

generate replication requests for objects in a distributed storage system based at least in part on replication policies for the objects and a current state of the distributed storage system, wherein a respective replication request for a respective object instructs a respective instance of the distributed storage system to replicate the respective object so as to at least partially satisfy a replication policy for the respective object, wherein a respective replication policy includes criteria specifying at least storage device types on which replicas of object are to be stored;

partitioning the replication requests into groups of respective replication requests corresponding to respective instances of the distributed storage system at which the respective replication requests are to be performed; and

for a respective group of respective replication requests,

determining a respective subset of replication requests for the respective group of respective replication requests that can be completed within a predetermined time interval; and

distribute the respective subset of replication requests for the respective group of respective replication requests to the respective instance of the distributed storage system corresponding to the respective group of the respective requests for execution.

18. The computer readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein prior to the instructions to distribute the at least the subset of the replication requests to the respective instances of the distributed storage system, the system includes instructions to:

calculate priorities of the replication requests; and

for a respective group of replication requests, sort the replication requests in the group of replication requests by priority to produce a sorted group of replication requests.

19. The computer readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein the instructions to calculate a priority of a respective replication request include instructions to calculate the priority of the respective replication request as a difference between a metric corresponding to a benefit of performing the respective replication request and a metric corresponding to a cost of performing the respective replication request.

20. The computer readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the predetermined time interval is the time interval between iterations of the generating, the partitioning, and the distributing.

21. The computer readable storage medium of claim 17, further comprising instructions to discard replication requests for the respective group of replication requests that are not included in the subset of replication requests for the respective group of replication requests.

22. The computer readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein the instructions to distribute the respective subset of replication requests for the respective group of replication requests to a respective instance of the distributed storage system corresponding to the respective group of respective replication requests for execution include instructions to distribute a respective sorted group of replication requests to the respective instance of the distributed storage system corresponding to the respective group of respective replication requests for execution.

23. The computer readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the current state of the distributed storage system includes:

a current network state;

current user quotas for storage space in the distributed storage system;

storage space in the distributed storage system that are currently used by users;

current storage space available at instances of the distributed storage system;

current statuses of replication queues at instances of the distributed storage system;

current planned maintenance operations zones; and

a list of current replicas of objects in the distributed storage system.

24. The computer readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein a replication policy for an object includes criteria selected from the group consisting of:

a minimum number of replicas of the object that must be present in the distributed storage system;

a maximum number of the replicas of the object that are allowed to be present in the distributed storage system;

storage device types on which the replicas of the object are to be stored;

locations at which the replicas of the object may be stored;

locations at which the replicas of the object may not be stored; and

a range of ages for the object during which the replication policy for the object applies.