Multiphase transformer for a multiphase DC-DC converter

• US 8,358,112 B2
• Filed: 03/16/2009
• Issued: 01/22/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 06/30/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Original Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Inventors: Schrom, Gerhard, Hazucha, Peter, Lee, Jaeseo, Paillet, Fabrice, Karnik, Tanay, De, Vivek
• Primary Examiner(s): Barnie, Rexford
• Assistant Examiner(s): MAI, TIEN HUNG
• Application Number:
  US12/405,136
• Publication Number:
  US 20090174377A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,408 Days
• Field of Search: 323/272, 323/282, 323/284
• US Class Current: 323/272
• CPC Class Codes: G05F 1/468 characterised by reference voltage circuitry, e.g. soft start, remote shutdown
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/14 Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/068 mounted on a transformer

Abstract

A multiphase DC-DC converter is provided that includes a multiphase transformer, the multiphase transformer including a plurality of input voltage terminals and an transformer output voltage terminal, each input voltage terminal associated with a corresponding phase. Each phase is assigned to an input voltage terminal of the plurality of input voltage terminals to minimize a ripple current at the input voltage terminals of the multiphase transformer.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

providing a multiphase DC-DC converter including a multiphase transformer having a plurality of input voltage terminals coupled to directly-coupled inductors with equal number of windings, made on a common core, and a multiphase transformer output voltage terminal, wherein each input voltage terminal of the plurality is associated with a corresponding phase, and wherein all the directly-coupled inductors have positive mutual inductance for additive orientation; and

assigning non-sequentially each phase to an input voltage terminal of the plurality of input voltage terminals to reduce a ripple current at the input voltage terminals of the multiphase transformer, wherein the multiphase transformer output voltage terminal has a ripple current independent of the non-sequentially assigning of each phase.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the phases are assigned in accordance with the following:

a first phase .PHI..sub.1 is assigned to a first terminal T1 of the plurality of input voltage terminals;

if the number of phases N is odd, then .PHI..sub.T+1=(.PHI..sub.T−

1+(N/2−

1/2))mod N+1, where T is the terminal number; and

if the number of phases N is even, then .PHI..sub.T+1=(.PHI..sub.T−

1+(N/2−

1))mod N+1, where T is the terminal number.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the multiphase transformer includes a two-phase transformer for each phase of the multiphase transformer, the two-phase transformers arranged in a cyclic cascade topology.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the multiphase transformer includes a two-phase transformer for each phase of the multiphase transformer, the two-phase transformers arranged in a modified cyclic cascade topology.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein each two-phase transformer includes coupled-inductors.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the multiphase transformer includes a two-phase transformer for each phase of the multiphase transformer, the two-phase transformers arranged in a mixed cyclic cascade topology.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein each two-phase transformer includes coupled-inductors.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein assigning non-sequentially each phase to an input voltage terminal of the plurality of input voltage terminals comprises:

assigning a first phase Φ

₁ to a first terminal T1 of the plurality of input voltage terminals;

determining a number of phases N;

assigning a next phase to a next terminal of the plurality of input voltage terminals when the number of phases N is odd according to;

Φ

_T+1=(Φ

_T−

1+(N/2−

1/2))mod N+1, where T is a terminal number corresponding to the plurality of input voltage terminals; and

assigning the next phase to the next terminal of the plurality of input voltage terminals when the number of phases N is even according to;

Φ

_T+1=(Φ

_T−

1+(N/2−

1))mod N+1.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the two-phase transformer is positioned in two columns for reducing parasitic resistance of the connections between the transformers.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein a total number of the corresponding phases is an odd number of phases.

11. A multiphase DC-DC converter comprising:

a multiphase transformer having directly-coupled inductors with equal number of windings made on a common core, wherein all the directly-coupled inductors have positive mutual inductance for additive orientation;

a transformer output voltage terminal coupled to the multiphase transformer; and

a plurality of input voltage terminals coupled to the directly-coupled inductors of the multiphase transformer, wherein a plurality of phases corresponding to a plurality of input voltages are assigned non-sequentially to the plurality of input voltage terminals, respectively, to reduce a ripple current at the input voltage terminals of the multiphase transformer, wherein the transformer output voltage terminal has a ripple current independent of the non-sequentially assigned plurality of phases.

12. The multiphase DC-DC converter of claim 11, wherein the multiphase transformer includes a two-phase transformer for each phase of the multiphase transformer, the two-phase transformers arranged in a cyclic cascade topology.

13. The multiphase DC-DC converter of claim 11, wherein the multiphase transformer includes a two-phase transformer for each phase of the multiphase transformer, the two-phase transformers arranged in a modified cyclic cascade topology.

14. The multiphase DC-DC converter of claim 11, wherein the multiphase transformer includes a two-phase transformer for each phase of the multiphase transformer, the two-phase transformers arranged in a mixed cyclic cascade topology.

15. The multiphase DC-DC converter of claim 11, further comprises:

a shuffle circuit coupled between the plurality of input voltage terminals and corresponding bridges of the multiphase transformer to enable programmability of the assignment of phases to the multiphase transformer.

16. The multiphase DC-DC converter of claim 11, wherein an output voltage terminal of the multiphase DC-DC converter is coupled to a second output voltage terminal of a second multiphase DC-DC converter in parallel.

17. The multiphase DC-DC converter of claim 11, wherein the multiphase DC-DC converter is integrated on a semiconductor die.

18. The multiphase DC-DC converter of claim 11, wherein the multiphase transformer is operable to:

assign a first phase Φ

₁ to a first terminal T1 of the plurality of input voltage terminals;

determine a number of phases N;

assign a next phase to a next terminal of the plurality of input voltage terminals when the number of phases N is odd according to;

Φ

_T+1=(Φ

_T−

1+(N/2−

1/2))mod N+1, where T is a terminal number corresponding to the plurality of input voltage terminals; and

assign the next phase to the next terminal of the plurality of input voltage terminals when the number of phases N is even according to;

Φ

_T+1=(Φ

_T−

1+(N/2−

1))mod N+1.

19. An apparatus comprising:

a multiphase transformer having directly-coupled inductors on a common core, wherein all the directly-coupled inductors have positive mutual inductance for additive orientation, and wherein the multiphase transformer includes a two-phase transformer for each phase of the multiphase transformer, the two-phase transformer arranged in a cyclic cascade topology;

a plurality of input voltage terminals coupled to the directly-coupled inductors of the multiphase transformer; and

a bridge coupled to the multiphase transformer, the bridge to assign non-sequentially a plurality of phases corresponding to a plurality of input voltages to the plurality of input voltage terminals respectively, wherein the multiphase transformer includes an output voltage terminal which has a ripple current independent of the non-sequentially assigning of the plurality of phases.

20. The apparatus of claim 19 further comprising a transformer output voltage terminal coupled to the multiphase transformer.

21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the directly-coupled inductors have equal number of windings.

22. A method comprising:

providing a multiphase DC-DC converter including a multiphase transformer having a plurality of input voltage terminals coupled to directly-coupled inductors on a common core,

wherein all the directly-coupled inductors have positive mutual inductance for additive orientation,

wherein each input voltage terminal of the plurality is associated with a corresponding phase, and

wherein the multiphase transformer includes a two-phase transformer for each phase of the multiphase transformer, the two-phase transformer arranged in a cyclic cascade topology; and

assigning non-sequentially each phase to an input voltage terminal of the plurality of input voltage terminals, wherein the multiphase transformer has an output voltage terminal which has a ripple current independent of the non-sequentially assigning of each phase.