Encoding and decoding apparatus and method with hamming weight enhancement

• US 8,359,498 B1
• Filed: 11/30/2006
• Issued: 01/22/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 03/07/2001
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Marvell Asia Pte Limited (Marvell Technology Group Limited)
• Original Assignee: Marvell International Limited (Marvell Technology Group Limited)
• Inventors: Sutardja, Pantas, Doan, Toai
• Primary Examiner(s): Torres, Joseph D
• Application Number:
  US11/606,510
• Time in Patent Office: 2,245 Days
• Field of Search: 714/701, 714/776, 714/809
• US Class Current: 714/701
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/19 Single error correction without using particular properties of the cyclic codes, e.g. Hamming codes, extended or generalised Hamming codes
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/31 combining coding for error detection or correction and efficient use of the spectrum without error detection or correction H03M5/14 , H03M5/145
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0041 Arrangements at the transmitter end
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0054 Maximum-likelihood or sequential decoding, e.g. Viterbi, Fano, ZJ algorithms

Abstract

A method of communicating a bitstream having a characteristic Hamming weight to a destination via a channel comprises determining the characteristic Hamming weight of the bitstream, inverting each bit in the bitstream if the characteristic Hamming weight of the bitstream is below a threshold value and developing an indication of whether the bits in the bitstream are inverted, delivering the bitstream and the indication of whether the bits in the bitstream are inverted to the destination via the channel, and inverting each bit in the bitstream at the destination if the indication indicates that the bits are inverted.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

receiving user data, wherein a first group of bits of the user data is mutually exclusive from a second group of bits of the user data, and wherein each of the first group of bits and the second group of bits includes at least one bit;

determining a characteristic Hamming weight of the first group of bits;

inverting each bit in only the first group of bits when the characteristic Hamming weight is below a threshold value, and not inverting the first group of bits when the characteristic Hamming weight is greater than the threshold value;

developing an indication of whether the first group of bits is inverted;

delivering the user data and the indication to a destination via a channel;

receiving, at the destination, the user data and the indication; and

inverting, at the destination, each bit in only the received first group of bits when the received indication indicates that the received first group of bits is inverted.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the characteristic Hamming weight is determined by counting one-valued bits in the first group of bits.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the threshold value is a predetermined minimum Hamming weight threshold value.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the indication comprises an indication of whether the characteristic Hamming weight is below the threshold value.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the indication comprises a binary digit (i) having a first value when the characteristic Hamming weight is below the threshold value or (ii) having a second value otherwise.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising run-length encoding only the second group of bits prior to delivering the user data to the destination.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising not inverting the first group of bits at the destination when the indication indicates that the first group of bits is not inverted.

8. A system comprising:

a first processor to;

receive user data, wherein a first group of bits of the user data is mutually exclusive from a second group of bits of the user data,

determine a characteristic Hamming weight of the first group of bits,

invert each bit in only the first group of bits when the characteristic Hamming weight is below a threshold value, and not invert the first group of bits when the characteristic Hamming weight is greater than the threshold value, and

develop an indication of whether the first group of bits is inverted,

wherein the processor is in communication with a channel to permit delivery of the user data and the indication to a destination via the channel; and

a second processor at the destination and in communication with the channel to;

receive the user data and the indication, and

invert each bit in only the first group of bits at the destination when the indication indicates that the first group of bits is inverted.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein the first processor determines the characteristic Hamming weight by counting one-valued bits in the first group of bits.

10. The system of claim 8, wherein the threshold value is a predetermined minimum Hamming weight threshold value.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein the indication comprises an indication of whether the characteristic Hamming weight is below the threshold value.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein the indication comprises a binary digit (i) having a first value when the Hamming weight of the first group of bits is below the threshold value or (ii) having a second value otherwise.

13. The system of claim 8, wherein the first processor performs run-length encoding on only the second group of bits.

14. The system of claim 8, wherein the second processor does not invert the first group of bits when the indication indicates that the first group of bits is not inverted.

15. A computer-readable medium comprising machine-executable instructions tangibly stored thereon, the machine-executable instructions comprising:

a first set of machine-executable instructions for

receiving user data, wherein a first group of bits of the user data is mutually exclusive from a second group of bits of the user data, and

determining a characteristic Hamming weight of the first group of bits;

a second set of machine-executable instructions for

inverting each bit in only the first group of bits when the characteristic Hamming weight is below a threshold value and developing an indication of whether the first group of bits is inverted, and

not inverting the first group of bits when the characteristic Hamming weight is greater than the threshold value;

a third-set of machine-executable instructions for delivering the user data and the indication to a destination via a channel; and

a fourth set of machine-executable instructions for inverting each bit in only the first group of bits at the destination when the indication indicates that the first group of bits is inverted.

16. The computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the first set of machine-executable instructions determines the characteristic Hamming weight by counting one-valued bits of the first group of bits.

17. The computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the threshold value is a predetermined minimum Hamming weight threshold value.

18. The computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the indication comprises an indication of whether the characteristic Hamming weight is below the threshold value.

19. The computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the indication comprises a binary digit (i) having a first value when the characteristic Hamming weight is below the threshold value or (ii) having a second value otherwise.

20. The computer-readable medium of claim 15, having stored thereon further machine-executable instructions for performing, at the destination, run-length encoding on only the second group of bits.

27. The computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the fourth set of machine-executable instructions does not invert the first group of bits at the destination when the indication indicates that the first group of bits is not inverted.

21. A system comprising:

first processing means for;

receiving user data, wherein a first group of bits of the user data is mutually exclusive from a second group of bits of the user data,

determining a characteristic Hamming weight of the first group of bits,

inverting each bit in only the first group of bits when the characteristic Hamming weight is below a threshold value, and not inverting the first group of bits when the characteristic Hamming weight is greater than the threshold value, and

developing an indication of whether the first group of bits is inverted,

wherein the first processing means is in communication with a channel to permit delivery of the user data and the indication to a destination via the channel; and

second processing means at the destination and in communication with the channel for

receiving the user data and the indication, and

inverting each bit in only the first group of bits at the destination when the indication indicates that the first group of bits is inverted.

22. The system of claim 21, wherein the first processing means determines the characteristic Hamming weight by counting one-valued bits in the first group of bits.

23. The system of claim 21, wherein the threshold value is a predetermined minimum Hamming weight threshold value.

24. The system of claim 23, wherein the indication comprises an indication of whether the characteristic Hamming weight is below the threshold value.

25. The system of claim 24 wherein the indication comprises a binary digit (i) having a first value when the characteristic Hamming weight is below the threshold value or (ii) having a second value otherwise.

26. The system of claim 21, wherein the first processing means performs run-length encoding on only the second group of bits.