Physiological monitor

• US 8,364,223 B2
• Filed: 05/03/2006
• Issued: 01/29/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 06/03/1998
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Masimo Corporation
• Original Assignee: Masimo Corporation
• Inventors: Al-Ali, Ammar, Diab, Mohamed K., Kiani, Massi E., Kopotic, Robert James, Tobler, David
• Primary Examiner(s): Winakur, Eric
• Assistant Examiner(s): Berhanu, Etsub
• Application Number:
  US11/417,931
• Publication Number:
  US 20060258923A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,463 Days
• Field of Search: 600/310, 600/322, 600/323, 600/324
• US Class Current: 600/324
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0205 Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/02416 using photoplethysmograph signals, e.g. generated by infrared radiation A61B5/14552 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14551 for measuring blood gases
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1459 invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter A61B5/1464 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6814 Head
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6815 Ear
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6819 Nose
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6825 Hand
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6826 Finger
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6829 Foot or ankle
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6838 Clamps or clips
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/742 using visual displays A61B5/339 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/746 Alarms related to a physiological condition, e.g. details of setting alarm thresholds or avoiding false alarms alarms per se G08B
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/00 Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes stimulating the respiratory movement by mechanical, pneumatic or electrical means, iron lungs combined with gas breathing means A61H31/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/021 operated by electrical means A61M16/202 – A61M16/205 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/205 partial oxygen pressure (P-O2)

Abstract

A patient monitor has multiple sensors adapted to attach to tissue sites of a living subject. The sensors generate sensor signals that are responsive to at least two wavelengths of optical radiation after attenuation by pulsatile blood within the tissue sites.

Claims

1. A physiological monitor sensor, comprising:

a plurality of emitters and a plurality of detectors, at least a first emitter of said plurality of emitters and at least a first detector of said plurality of detectors being associated with a first tissue site of a plurality of peripheral tissue sites of a patient and at least a second emitter of said plurality of emitters and at least a second detector of said plurality of detectors being associated with a second tissue site of the patient different from said first tissue site, wherein first light transmitted from said first emitter through said first tissue site is received by said first detector, where second light transmitted from said second emitter through said second tissue site is received by said second detector, wherein a first signal indicative of said received first light and a second signal indicative of said received second light are communicated to interface componentry that is in communication with at least one processor, the at least one processor having an output comprising a plurality of parameters corresponding to oxygen status or plethysmograph features of said peripheral tissue sites, the at least one processor configured to compare at least one of the plurality of parameters from the first tissue site with at least one of the plurality of parameters from the second tissue site and determine the presence of an abnormal health condition based at least in part on the comparison;

a connector in communication with said interface componentry; and

a plurality of signal paths attached to at least one of said plurality of emitters and detectors at a first end and to said connector at a second end,

wherein said at least one of the plurality of parameters from the first tissue site comprises a first plethysmograph feature and said at least one of the plurality of parameters from the second tissue site comprises a second plethysmograph feature, and

wherein the at least one processor is configured to compare the first and second plethysmograph features by calculating a phase difference between said first and second plethysmograph features, the at least one processor configured to determine the presence of the abnormal health condition based at least in part on the phase difference.

2. The physiological monitor sensor of claim 1, wherein the abnormal health condition is an abnormal heart condition.

3. The physiological monitor sensor of claim 2, wherein the abnormal heart condition is a congenital heart defect.

4. The physiological monitor sensor of claim 2, wherein the abnormal heart condition is persistent pulmonary hypertension.

5. The physiological monitor sensor of claim 2, wherein the abnormal heart condition is a cardiac shunt.

6. The physiological monitor sensor of claim 2, wherein the abnormal heart condition is patent ductus arteriosus.

7. The physiological monitor sensor of claim 2, wherein the abnormal heart condition is aortic coarctation.

8. A physiological monitor sensor, comprising:

a plurality of emitters and a plurality of detectors, at least a first emitter of said plurality of emitters and at least a first detector of said plurality of detectors being associated with a first tissue site of a plurality of peripheral tissue sites of a patient and at least a second emitter of said plurality of emitters and at least a second detector of said plurality of detectors being associated with a second tissue site of the patient different from said first tissue site, wherein first light transmitted from said first emitter through said first tissue site is received by said first detector, where second light transmitted from said second emitter through said second tissue site is received by said second detector, wherein a first signal indicative of said received first light and a second signal indicative of said received second light are communicated to interface componentry that is in communication with at least one processor, the at least one processor having an output comprising a plurality of parameters corresponding to oxygen status or plethysmograph features of said peripheral tissue sites, the at least one processor configured to compare at least one of the plurality of parameters from the first tissue site with at least one of the plurality of parameters from the second tissue site and determine the presence of an abnormal health condition based at least in part on the comparison;

a connector in communication with said interface componentry; and

a plurality of signal paths attached to at least one of said plurality of emitters and detectors at a first end and to said connector at a second end,

wherein said at least one of the plurality of parameters from the first tissue site comprises a first plethysmograph feature and said at least one of the plurality of parameters from the second tissue site comprises a second plethysmograph feature, and

wherein the at least one processor is configured to compare the first and second plethysmograph features by calculating an amount of damping between said first and second plethysmograph features, the at least one processor configured to determine the presence of the abnormal health condition based at least in part on the amount of damping.

9. The physiological monitor sensor of claim 8, wherein the abnormal health condition is an abnormal heart condition.

10. The physiological monitor sensor of claim 9, wherein the abnormal heart condition is a congenital heart defect.

11. The physiological monitor sensor of claim 9, wherein the abnormal heart condition is persistent pulmonary hypertension.

12. The physiological monitor sensor of claim 9, wherein the abnormal heart condition is a cardiac shunt.

13. The physiological monitor sensor of claim 9, wherein the abnormal heart condition is patent ductus arteriosus.

14. The physiological monitor sensor of claim 9, wherein the abnormal heart condition is aortic coarctation.

15. A method of determining an abnormal health condition comprising:

emitting light into a first tissue site with at least one of a plurality of emitters associated with said first tissue site;

emitting light into a second tissue site with at least one of a plurality of emitters associated with said second tissue site;

receiving light attenuated by said first tissue site with at least one or more detectors associated with said first tissue site;

receiving light attenuated by said second tissue site with one or more detectors associated with said second tissue site; and

communicating an indication of the received light from said first and second tissue sites to interface componentry that is in communication with at least one processor, said at least one processor performing a comparison of at least one of a plurality of parameters derived from the indication of received light from the first tissue site with at least one of a plurality of parameters derived from the indication of received light from the second tissue site and determining a presence of an abnormal health condition based at least in part on the comparison,

wherein said at least one of the plurality of parameters from the first tissue site comprises a first plethysmograph feature and said at least one of the plurality of parameters from the second tissue site comprises a second plethysmograph feature, and

wherein said at least one processor performs the comparison of the first and second plethysmograph features by calculating an amount of damping between said first and second plethysmograph features and determines the presence of the abnormal health condition based at least in part on the amount of damping.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the abnormal health condition is an abnormal heart condition.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the abnormal heart condition is a congenital heart defect.

18. A physiological monitor, comprising:

interface componentry in communication with a plurality of emitters and a plurality of detectors, at least a first emitter of said plurality of emitters and at least a first detector of said plurality of detectors being associated with a first tissue site of a plurality of peripheral tissue sites of a patient and at least a second emitter of said plurality of emitters and at least a second detector of said plurality of detectors being associated with a second tissue site of the patient different from said first tissue site, wherein first light transmitted from said first emitter through said first tissue sites is received by a corresponding detector, wherein second light transmitted from said second emitter through said second tissue site is received by a corresponding detector, wherein a first signal indicative of said first received light and a second signal indicative of said received second light are communicated to the interface componentry;

at least one processor in communication with said interface componentry and having an output comprising a plurality of parameters corresponding to oxygen status or plethysmograph features of said peripheral tissue sites, the at least one processor configured to compare at least one of the plurality of parameters from the first tissue site with at least one of the plurality of parameters from the second tissue site and determine the presence of an abnormal health condition based at least in part on the comparison,

wherein said at least one of the plurality of parameters from the first tissue site is a first plethysmograph feature and said at least one of the plurality of parameters from the second tissue site is a second plethysmograph feature, and

wherein the at least one processor is configured to compare the first and second plethysmograph features by calculating an amount of damping between said first and second plethysmograph features, the at least one processor configured to determine the presence of the abnormal health condition based at least in part on the amount of damping.

19. The physiological monitor of claim 18, wherein the abnormal health condition is an abnormal heart condition.

20. The physiological monitor of claim 19, wherein the abnormal heart condition is a congenital heart defect.

21. A method of determining an abnormal health condition comprising:

emitting light into a first tissue site with at least one of a plurality of emitters associated with said first tissue site;

emitting light into a second tissue site with at least one of a plurality of emitters associated with said second tissue site;

receiving light attenuated by said first tissue site with one or more detectors associated with said first tissue site;

receiving light attenuated by the second tissue site with one or more detectors associated with said second tissue site; and

communicating an indication of the received light from said first and second tissue sites to interface componentry that is in communication with at least one processor, said at least one processor performing a comparison of at least one of a plurality of parameters derived from the indication of received light from the first tissue site with at least one of a plurality of parameters derived from the indication of received light from the second tissue site and determining a presence of an abnormal health condition based at least in part on the comparison,

wherein said at least one of the plurality of parameters from the first tissue site comprises a first plethysmograph feature and said at least one of the plurality of parameters from the second tissue site comprises a second plethysmograph feature, and

wherein said at least one processor performs the comparison of the first and second plethysmograph features by calculating a phase difference between said first and second plethysmograph features and determines the presence of the abnormal health condition based at least in part on the phase difference.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the abnormal health condition is an abnormal heart condition.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the abnormal heart condition is a congenital heart defect.

24. A physiological monitor, comprising:

interface componentry in communication with a plurality of emitters and a plurality of detectors, at least a first emitter of said plurality of emitters and at least a first detector of said plurality of detectors being associated with a first tissue site of a plurality of peripheral tissue sites of a patient and at least a second emitter of said plurality of emitters and at least a second detector of said plurality of detectors being associated with a second tissue site of the patient different from said first tissue site, wherein first light transmitted from said first emitter through said first tissue site is received by a corresponding detector, wherein second light transmitted from said second emitter through said second tissue site is received by a corresponding detector, wherein a first signal indicative of said first received light and a second signal indicative of said received second light are communicated to the interface componentry;

at least one processor in communication with said interface componentry and having an output comprising a plurality of parameters corresponding to oxygen status or plethysmograph features of said peripheral tissue sites, the at least one processor configured to compare at least one of the plurality of parameters from the first tissue site with at least one of the plurality of parameters from the second tissue site and determine the presence of an abnormal health condition based at least in part on the comparison,

wherein said at least one of the plurality of parameters from the first tissue site comprises a first plethysmograph feature and said at least one of the plurality of parameters from the second tissue site comprises a second plethysmograph feature, and

wherein the at least one processor is configured to compare the first and second plethysmograph features by calculating a phase difference between said first and second plethysmograph features, the at least one processor configured to determine the presence of the abnormal health condition based at least in part on the phase difference.

25. The physiological monitor of claim 24, wherein the abnormal health condition is an abnormal heart condition.

26. The physiological monitor of claim 25, wherein the abnormal heart condition is a congenital heart defect.