Optimized client side rate control and indexed file layout for streaming media

• US 8,379,851 B2
• Filed: 05/12/2008
• Issued: 02/19/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 05/12/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Microsoft Corporation
• Inventors: Mehrotra, Sanjeev, Kotteri, Kishore, Siravara, Bharath, Holcomb, Thomas W., Gao, Hui, Smirnov, Serge
• Primary Examiner(s): Lim, Krisna
• Assistant Examiner(s): DESAI, MARGISHI V
• Application Number:
  US12/119,364
• Publication Number:
  US 20090282162A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,744 Days
• Field of Search: 709/231, 709/223
• US Class Current: 380/200
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/65 Network streaming protocols, e.g. real-time transport protocol [RTP] or real-time control protocol [RTCP]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/70 Media network packetisation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/752 adapting media to network capabilities
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/00 Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD] real-time bi-directional transmission of motion video data H04N7/14 ; broadcast or conference over packet switching networks H04L12/18

Abstract

An indexed file layout, comprising index information, is defined for segmented streaming of multimedia content. The index information can comprise program description information and streaming segment index information. In addition, the layout can comprise files containing streaming segments of the program, where the streaming segments are each encoded at one or more bitrates independently of other streaming segments of the program. The layout supports client switching between different bitrates at segment boundaries. Optimized client-side rate control of streaming content can be provided by defining a plurality of states, selecting available paths based on constraint conditions, and selecting a best path through the states (e.g., based on a distortion measure). In one client-side rate control solution states correspond to a specific bitrate of a specific streaming segment, and in another client-side rate control solution states correspond to a measure of client buffer fullness.

Claims

1. An indexed file layout for segmented streaming of multimedia content, the layout comprising:

one or more files containing index information for a program, the index information comprising;

program description information describing the program, wherein the program description information comprises a duration of the program and track information for each audio and video track in the program; and

streaming segment index information describing each streaming segment of the program, wherein the streaming segment index information comprises, for each streaming segment;

a start position of the streaming segment; and

an indication of bitrates for each available streaming segment encoding of the streaming segment, wherein a plurality of different bitrates are available for at least one streaming segment; and

one or more other files containing streaming segments of the program, wherein each streaming segment of the program is encoded at one or more bitrates, corresponding to one or more available streaming segment encodings, independently of other streaming segments of the program, wherein the layout supports switching controlled by a client computing device between different bitrates when transitioning between different streaming segments of the program, wherein bitrate selection decisions are exclusively controlled by client-side rate control software and/or hardware of the client computing device, and wherein the client computing device downloads the one or more files containing index information for the program and uses the downloaded index information for the switching and bitrate selection decisions;

wherein the program comprises one or more audio tracks and one or more video tracks, wherein at least one streaming segment of the program is encoded at a plurality of different bitrates, and wherein at least one streaming segment of the program is encoded at a different number of bitrates than at least one other streaming segment of the program; and

wherein the program is segmented into the one or more streaming segments, wherein each of the one or more streaming segments covers a contiguous time range of corresponding tracks of the program, and wherein all of the one or more streaming segments of the program combine to cover the program.

2. The layout of claim 1 wherein the streaming segment index information further comprises, for each available streaming segment encoding for each streaming segment:

a size measure of the available streaming segment encoding.

3. The layout of claim 1 wherein the streaming segment index information further comprises, for each available streaming segment encoding for each streaming segment:

a quality measure of the available streaming segment encoding; and

a decoding complexity measure of the available streaming segment encoding.

4. The layout of claim 1 wherein the index information further comprises:

file-level index information, wherein the file-level index information describes file segments of the program;

wherein the streaming segments of the program are organized by file segment, and wherein the layout comprises a separate streaming segment index information file for each file segment.

5. The layout of claim 1 wherein the layout supports the client computing device selecting a streaming segment encoding of a streaming segment from available streaming segment encodings of the streaming segment using a client side rate control algorithm, of the client-side rate control software and/or hardware, that uses, at least in part, the index information, to calculate a best path through states, wherein each state corresponds to a measure of client buffer fullness for a specific streaming segment encoding of a specific streaming segment.

6. The layout of claim 1 wherein the layout supports the client computing device selecting a streaming segment encoding of a streaming segment from available streaming segment encodings of the streaming segment based only on the index information, available network bandwidth, desired startup delay, and client buffer information.

7. A method for providing an indexed file layout for segmented streaming of multimedia content, the method comprising:

dividing a program into streaming segments;

storing one or more files containing the streaming segments of the program, wherein each streaming segment of the program is encoded at one or more bitrates, corresponding to one or more available streaming segment encodings, independently of other streaming segments of the program, wherein the layout supports switching controlled by a client computing device between different bitrates when transitioning between different streaming segments of the program, wherein bitrate selection decisions are exclusively controlled by client-side rate control software and/or hardware of the client computing device, wherein the program comprises one or more audio tracks and one or more video tracks, wherein at least one streaming segment of the program is encoded at a plurality of different bitrates, and wherein at least one streaming segment of the program is encoded at a different number of bitrates than at least one other streaming segment of the program; and

storing one or more files containing index information for the program, the index information comprising;

program description information describing the program, wherein the program description information comprises a duration of the program and track information for each audio and video track in the program; and

streaming segment index information describing each streaming segment of the program, wherein the streaming segment index information comprises, for each streaming segment;

a start position of the streaming segment; and

an indication of bitrates for each available streaming segment encoding of the streaming segment, wherein a plurality of different bitrates are available for at least one streaming segment;

wherein the client computing device downloads the one or more files containing index information for the program and uses the downloaded index information for the switching and bitrate selection decisions; and

wherein the program is divided into the one or more streaming segments, wherein each of the one or more streaming segments covers a contiguous time range of corresponding tracks of the program, and wherein all of the one or more streaming segments of the program combine to cover the program.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein the streaming segment index information further comprises, for each available streaming segment encoding for each streaming segment:

a size measure of the available streaming segment encoding.

9. The method of claim 7 wherein the streaming segment index information further comprises, for each available streaming segment encoding for each streaming segment:

a quality measure of the available streaming segment encoding; and

a decoding complexity measure of the available streaming segment encoding.

10. The method of claim 7 wherein the index information further comprises:

file-level index information, wherein the file-level index information describes file segments of the program;

wherein the streaming segments of the program are organized by file segment, and wherein the layout comprises a separate streaming segment index information file for each file segment.

11. The method of claim 7 further comprising receiving from the client computing device a selection of a streaming segment encoding of a streaming segment from available streaming segment encodings of the streaming segment based upon a client side rate control algorithm, of the client-side rate control software and/or hardware, that uses, at least in part, the index information, to calculate a best path through states, wherein each state corresponds to a measure of client buffer fullness for a specific streaming segment encoding of a specific streaming segment.

12. The method of claim 7 further comprising receiving from the client computing device a selection of a streaming segment encoding of a streaming segment from available streaming segment encodings of the streaming segment based only on the index information, available network bandwidth, desired startup delay, and client buffer information.