Transparency having sensors

• US 8,383,994 B2
• Filed: 12/30/2008
• Issued: 02/26/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 12/30/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: PPG Industries Ohio Incorporated (Nouryon BV)
• Original Assignee: PPG Industries Ohio Incorporated (Nouryon BV)
• Inventors: Rashid, Ali N., Stone, Monroe A., Priddy, James F.
• Primary Examiner(s): PASCHALL, MARK H
• Application Number:
  US12/345,952
• Publication Number:
  US 20100163675A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,519 Days
• Field of Search: 219202-206, 219/494, 219/497, 219/501, 219/505, 219/496, 219/481
• US Class Current: 219/507
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 17/10009 characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 17/10174 Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
• CPC Class Codes: B64C 1/1484 Windows B64C1/1492 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 3/86 the heating conductors being embedded in the transparent or reflecting material H05B3/845 takes precedence

Abstract

A transparency, e.g. an aircraft laminated windshield, includes one or more sensors to monitor performance of one or more properties, e.g. a heating arrangement of the windshield, and to generate signals representative of the performance of the properties. One part of a connector, external of the transparency and connected to the sensors is connected to a system positioned in the aircraft. The system receives a signal from each of the sensors, and processes the signals to determine difference between performance of the property as indicated by the signal received and a preferred performance of the property to provide real time monitoring of the performance of the windshield. With this arrangement information regarding the performance of the windshield is available to schedule timely repair or replacement of the windshield that is performing outside of acceptable limits.

Claims

1. A transparency for an aircraft, comprising:

a plurality of preconditioned glass and/or plastic sheets joined together to provide a transparency having a property selected from the group of a chemical property, a physical property, an electrical property and combinations thereof, wherein the plurality of glass and/or plastic sheets are laminated together and first outer surface of the laminated sheets is first major surface of the transparency, and opposite second outer surface of the transparency is an opposite second major surface of the laminated sheets;

an outboard moisture seal over peripheral edge of the transparency to prevent moisture from entering between the glass and/or plastic sheets of the transparency;

a sensor for measuring the amount of moisture between the first and the second major surfaces of the transparency to monitor performance of the outboard moisture seal, wherein the sensor for measuring moisture comprises one elongated moisture sensor having a first end and an opposite second end, and

one part of an electrical connector external of the transparency and electrically connected to the sensor, to provide external access to the signal generated by the sensor indicating the amount of moisture absorbed by the moisture sensor.

2. The transparency according to claim 1 wherein the sensor for detecting moisture is a first elongated moisture sensor, and further comprising second, third, and fourth elongated moisture sensors;

each of the second, third, and fourth moisture sensors comprising a first end and an opposite second end, wherein the second, third and fourth moisture sensors are mounted between the first and the second major surfaces of the transparency adjacent to and spaced from the peripheral edge of the transparency, wherein the second end of the first sensor is adjacent the first end of the second sensor, the second end of the second sensor is adjacent the first end of the third sensor, the second end of the third sensor is adjacent the first end of the fourth sensor, and the second end of the fourth sensor is adjacent the first end of the first sensor, and the first end of the first, second, third, and fourth sensors are connect to a first group of terminals of the electrical connector and the second end of the first, second, third, and fourth sensors are connect to a second group of terminals of the electrical connector wherein a signal from the first, second, third and fourth sensors is forwarded to the electrical connector to monitor the performance of the edge seal.

3. The transparency according to claim 2 wherein the transparency is a laminated windshield and the sensors are on a first major surface of one of the glass sheets of the windshield and further comprising a heating arrangement over the first major surface of the sheet, the heating arrangement comprising an electrically conductive member and a pair of spaced bus bars in electrical contact with the conductive member, wherein the first sensor is between the first bus bar and a first portion of the edge seal and the third sensor is between the second bus bar and a second ion the edge seal.

4. The transparency according to claim 1 comprising a heating arrangement on major surface of a second sheet of the transparency, the heating arrangement comprising an electrically conductive member, and a first bus bar and a spaced second bus bar, the bus bars in electrical contact with the conductive member and a sensor for detecting electric arcing defined as an arc sensor, wherein the arc sensor has one lead connection to the heating arrangement and another lead connection to one end of a wire and opposite end of the wire connected to the connector, wherein the arc sensor generates a signal having information on the performance of the electrical member and the signal is passed along the wire to the connector.

5. The transparency according to claim 4 wherein the second sheet of the transparency is the first outer sheet of transparency and the first outer sheet has an opposite second major surface and the electrically conductive member of the heating arrangement is an electrically conductive coating over the second major surface of the first outer sheet of the transparency and the one lead of the arc detector is connected to the conductive coating.

6. The transparency according to claim 1 wherein a second sheet of the plurality of sheets is a glass sheet, and further comprising an electrically conductive coating on a major surface of the second sheet, a pair of spaced bus bars in electrical contact with the conductive coating, wherein the sensor is a sensor for detecting temperature changes of the electrically conductive coating, and is defined as a temperature sensor, wherein the temperature sensor comprises a wire over a portion of the coating and electrically insulated from the coating, the wire has a first end and an opposite second end, and the first and second ends of the wire are electrically connected to the connector.

7. The transparency according to claim 3 wherein the electrically conductive member is selected from a group of electrically conductive coating layer and a plurality of spaced electrically conductive wires, and the first and third moisture sensors are mounted over a portion of the electrically conductive member and are electrically isolated from the conductive member by a layer of an electrically non-conductive material.

8. The transparency according to claim 1 wherein the layer of the moisture sensitive material comprises a first major surface and an opposite second major surface, and the first and the second electrodes each comprise a comb shape having a plurality of spaced teeth, wherein the first and the second electrodes are mounted on the first surface of the moisture sensitive material with the teeth of the first and second electrodes between and spaced from one another.

9. The transparency according to claim 5 wherein the arc detector is an electric filed detector.

10. The transparency according to claim 1 comprising a plurality of sensors for detecting impacts to, or vibrations of the transparency mounted in spaced relationship to one another on a surface of a sheet of the transparency between the outer surfaces of the transparency, wherein signals generated by the impact sensors when the transparency is impacted are forwarded to the one part of the electrical connector to provide information to identify area of the transparency impacted and the force of the impact.

11. The transparency according to claim 1 comprising a sensor for detecting a fracture in one of the sheets of the transparency defined as a fracture detector, the fracture detector mounting one of the sheets of the transparency between the outer surfaces of the transparency, wherein the sheet of the transparency has a peripheral edge and the fracture detector comprises a first plurality of electrically conductive elongated members mounted on the surface of the sheet spaced from the peripheral edge of the sheet with adjacent ends of the first plurality of elongated members spaced from one another and a second plurality of electrically conductive elongated members mounted on the sheet with adjacent ends of the second plurality of members spaced from one another, wherein the second plurality of members are spaced from one another with the first plurality of members covering the space between the ends of the second plurality of members and the second plurality of members covering the space between the first plurality of members the sensor comprising to monitor performance of at least one of the properties and to generate a signal representative of the performance of the at least one of the properties, and

one part of an electrical connector external of the transparency wherein one end of each of the elongated members is connected to the one part of the connector wherein information carried by the signals to the one part of the connector is used to identify the area of the sheet having a fracture.

12. A transparency for an aircraft, comprising:

a plurality of preconditioned glass and/or plastic sheets joined together to provide a transparency having a property selected from the group of a chemical property, a physical property, an electrical property and combinations thereof, wherein the plurality of glass and/or plastic sheets are laminated together and first outer surface of the laminated sheets is first major surface of the transparency, and opposite second outer surface of the transparency is an opposite second major surface of the laminated sheets;

a plurality of sensors for detecting impacts to, or vibrations of he transparency mounted in spaced relationship to one another on a surface of a sheet of the transparency between the outer surfaces of the transparency;

one part of an electrical connector external of the transparency and electrically connected to the sensors to provide external access to signals generated by the sensors,

wherein signals generated by the sensors when the transparency is impacted are forwarded to the one part of the electrical connector to provide information to identify area of the transparency impacted and the force of the impact.

13. The transparency according to claim 12 comprising a sensor for detecting a fracture in one of the sheets of the transparency defined as a fracture detector, the fracture detector mounting one of the sheets of the transparency between the outer surfaces of the transparency, wherein the sheet of the transparency has a peripheral edge and the fracture detector comprises a first plurality of electrically conductive elongated members mounted on the surface of the sheet spaced from the peripheral edge of the sheet with adjacent ends of the first plurality of elongated members spaced from one another and a second plurality of electrically conductive elongated members mounted on the sheet with adjacent ends of the second plurality of members spaced from one another, wherein the second plurality of members are spaced from one another with the first plurality of members covering the space between the ends of the second plurality of members and the second plurality of members covering the space between the first plurality of members the sensor comprising to monitor performance of at least one of the properties and to generate a signal representative of the performance of the at least one of the properties, and

one part of an electrical connector external of the transparency wherein one end of each of the elongated members is connected to the one part of the connector wherein information carried by the signals to the one part of the connector is used to identify the area of the sheet having a fracture.

14. The transparency according to claim 12 wherein each of the impact sensors comprises a first electrode and a second electrode wherein the first electrode is connected to a first lead of the connector, and the second electrode is connected to a second lead of the connector.

15. The transparency according to claim 14 wherein a heating arrangement is positioned over the first major surface of the one of the sheets, the heating arrangement comprising an electrically conductive member, a pair of spaced bus bars in electrical contact with the conductive member, and external electrical access to the first and the second bus bars, and the conductive member is selected from the group of an electrically conductive coating and a plurality of spaced wires, and the impact sensors are mounted on the conductive member and the conductive member is one of the electrodes for the impact sensors and is connected to one of the leads of the part of the connector.

16. The transparency according to claim 12 comprising a heating arrangement on major surface of a second sheet of the transparency, the heating arrangement comprising an electrically conductive member, and a first bus bar and a spaced second bus bar, the bus bars in electrical contact with the conductive member and a sensor for detecting electric arcing defined as an arc sensor, wherein the arc sensor has one lead connection to the heating arrangement and another lead connection to one end of a we and opposite end of the wire connected to the connector, wherein the arc sensor generates a signal having information on the performance of the electrical member and the signal is passed along the wire to the connector.

17. The transparency according to claim 12 wherein a second sheet of the plurality of sheets is a glass sheet, and further comprising an electrically conductive coating on a major surface of the second sheet, a pair of spaced bus bars in electrical contact with the conductive coating, wherein the sensor is a sensor for detecting temperature changes of the electrically conductive coating, and is defined as a temperature sensor, wherein the temperature sensor comprises a wire over a portion of the coating and electrically insulated from the coating, the wire has a first end and an opposite second end, and the first and second ends of the wire are electrically connected to the connector.

18. A transparency for an aircraft, comprising:

a plurality of preconditioned glass and/or plastic sheets laminated together, wherein first outer surface of the laminated sheets is first major surface of the transparency and opposite second major surface of the laminated sheets is second outer surface of the transparency, and the first major surface of the transparency is designated as outside surface of the transparency, wherein the transparency has a property selected from the group of a chemical property, a physical property, an electrical property and combinations thereof;

a sensor for detecting a fracture in one of the sheets of the transparency defined as a fracture detector, the fracture detector mounting one of the sheets of the transparency between the outer surfaces of the transparency, wherein the sheet of the transparency has a peripheral edge and the fracture detector comprises a first plurality of electrically conductive elongated members mounted on the surface of the sheet spaced from the peripheral edge of the sheet with adjacent ends of the first plurality of elongated members spaced from one another and a second plurality of electrically conductive elongated members mounted on the sheet with adjacent ends of the second plurality of members spaced from one another, wherein the second plurality of members are spaced from one another with the first plurality of members covering the space between the ends of the second plurality of members and the second plurality of members covering the space between the first plurality of members, and

one part of an electrical connector external of the transparency wherein one end of each of the elongated members is connected to the one part of the connector wherein information carried by the signals to the one part of the connector is used to identify the area of the sheet having a fracture.

19. The transparency according to claim 18 further comprising a heating arrangement comprising an electrically conductive member selected from the group of an electrically conductive coating and electrically conductive wires wherein the conductive member is positioned over the second major surface of the glass sheet and a pair of spaced bus bars is electrically connected to the conductive member.

20. The transparency according to claim 18 comprising a heating arrangement on major surface of a second sheet of the transparency, the heating arrangement comprising an electrically conductive member, and a first bus bar and a spaced second bus bar, the bus bars in electrical contact with the conductive member and a sensor for detecting electric arcing defined as an arc sensor, wherein the arc sensor has one lead connection to the heating arrangement and another lead connection to one end of a wire and opposite end of the wire connected to the connector, wherein the arc sensor generates a signal having information on the performance of the electrical member and the signal is passed along the wire to the connector.

21. The transparency according to claim 18 wherein a second sheet of the plurality of sheets is a glass sheet, and further comprising an electrically conductive coating on a major surface of the second sheet, a pair of spaced bus bars in electrical contact with the conductive coating, wherein the sensor is a sensor for detecting temperature changes of the electrically conductive coating, and is defined as a temperature sensor, wherein the temperature sensor comprises a wire over a portion of the coating and electrically insulated from the coating, the wire has a first end and an opposite second end, and the first and second ends of the wire are electrically connected to the connector.