Apparatus for managing a neurological disorder

• US 8,391,986 B2
• Filed: 05/12/2009
• Issued: 03/05/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 05/13/2008
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Board of Trustees of The University of Illinois
• Original Assignee: Board of Trustees of The University of Illinois
• Inventors: Graupe, Daniel, Tuninetti, Daniela, Basu, Ishita
• Primary Examiner(s): Manuel, George
• Assistant Examiner(s): Wieland, Robert N
• Application Number:
  US12/992,265
• Publication Number:
  US 20110098780A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,393 Days
• Field of Search: 600/45, 607/1, 607/2, 607/45, 607/46
• US Class Current: 607/45
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1101 Detecting tremor
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/291 for electroencephalography [EEG]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/296 for electromyography [EMG]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4082 Diagnosing or monitoring movement diseases, e.g. Parkinson, Huntington or Tourette
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/726 using Wavelet transforms
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36025 for treating a mental or cerebral condition
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36082 Cognitive or psychiatric applications, e.g. dementia or Alzheimer's disease

Abstract

A system that incorporates teachings of the present disclosure may include, for example, a Neuro Sensing and Stimulation Device having a conductive lead for implanting in a brain of a living entity, a sensor coupled to the conductive lead for collecting data associated with one or more electrical signals detected in the conductive lead, a stimulator coupled to the conductive lead to apply one or more electrical signals thereto, and a controller. The controller can be operable to collect data associated with one or more electrical signals detected in the conductive lead, determine a stimulation sequence from the collected data, and direct the stimulator to apply on the conductive lead one or more electrical signals determined from the stimulation sequence. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

Claims

1. A Neuro Sensing and Stimulation Device (NSSD), comprising:

a conductive lead for implanting in a brain of a living entity, the conductive lead having a first portion for stimulation and a second portion for sensing;

a sensor coupled to the second portion of the conductive lead for collecting data in the brain associated with one or more electrical signals detected in the conductive lead;

a stimulator coupled to the first portion of the conductive lead to apply one or more electrical signals thereto;

a controller operable to;

collect data associated with one or more electrical signals detected in the conductive lead;

process the collected data to determine a stimulation sequence from the collected data; and

direct the stimulator to apply on the conductive lead one or more electrical signals determined from the stimulation sequence, wherein the controller communicates wirelessly with at least one of the sensor and the stimulator, and wherein the controller is operable to employ an artificial neural network (ANN) analysis on the collected data to determine a diagnosis.

2. The NSSD of claim 1, wherein the one or more electrical signals applied to the conductive lead reduce the effects of a malfunction in the brain of the living entity, and wherein the wireless coupling between the controller and at least one of the sensor and the stimulator operates according to one of a Bluetooth, WiFi, and cellular access technology.

3. The NSSD of claim 2, wherein the living entity is a human being, wherein the malfunction is associated with Parkinson'"'"'s disease, and wherein the sensor and the stimulator are housed in a first housing assembly coupled to the conductive lead, wherein the controller is housed in a second housing assembly, wherein the first and second housing assemblies are coupled to each other over one of a wired interface and a wireless interface, and wherein the first housing assembly is positioned at or near the head of the human being, and wherein the second housing assembly is positioned away from the head of the human being.

4. The NSSD of claim 1, wherein the collected data is processed by the controller to detect a malfunction in the brain of the living entity, and wherein a portion of the NSSD is replaceable.

5. The NSSD as in claim 1, comprising a battery-operated power supply to power at least a portion of the NSSD, and wherein the battery-operated power supply is powered by at least one of wireless signals, body heat, kinetic motion, inductive coupling, and light.

6. The NSSD of claim 1, comprising a tremor sensor coupled to the living entity and to the controller for determining whether to apply the one or more electrical signals to the conductive lead.

7. The NSSD of claim 6, wherein the controller is operable to:

receive tremor sensor data from the tremor sensor when a tremor is detected;

determine the stimulation sequence according to the tremor sensor data.

8. The NSSD of claim 6, wherein the tremor sensor corresponds to an electromyographic (EMG) sensor comprising one or more EMG electrodes.

9. The NSSD of claim 8, wherein the EMG electrodes are placed on a surface of the living entity.

10. The NSSD of claim 1, wherein the controller is operable to:

detect from the collected data a malfunction in the living entity; and

determine from the malfunction the stimulation sequence.

11. The NSSD of claim 10, wherein the controller is operable to utilize at least one of a wavelet transform, a neural network, and a least squares identification to detect and to analyze the malfunction in the living entity in order to determine the stimulation sequence.

12. The NSSD of claim 1, wherein the controller is operable to utilize prior historical data collected from the NSSD in the ANN analysis.

13. The NSSD of claim 1, wherein the ANN is a LAMSTAR ANN.

14. A Controlling Device (CD), comprising a controller to:

direct a Neuro Sensing and Stimulation Device (NSSD) having a conductive lead implanted in a brain of a living entity to supply sensing data derived from electrical activity sensed from the brain and for stimulating the brain, the conductive lead having a first portion for stimulation and a second portion for sensing;

receive from the NSSD sensing data collected by the NSSD by way of the second portion of the conductive lead;

process the collected sensing data to determine stimulation instructions from the collected sensing data; and

direct the first portion of the NSSD to apply one or more electrical signals to the brain of the living entity according to the stimulation instructions, wherein the controller is operable to employ an artificial neural network (ANN) analysis on the collected sensing data to determine a diagnosis.

15. The CD of claim 14, wherein the living entity comprises one of a human being or an animal, wherein the CD comprises a battery-operated power supply to power the controller, and wherein the battery-operated power supply is powered by at least one of wireless signals, body heat, kinetic motion, inductive coupling, and light.

16. The CD of claim 14, wherein the one or more electrical signals applied by the NSSD reduces the effects of a malfunction in the brain of the living entity.

17. The CD of claim 16, wherein the living entity is a human being, and wherein the malfunction is associated with Parkinson'"'"'s disease.

18. The CD of claim 14, wherein the controller is operable to process the collected data to detect a malfunction in the brain of the living entity.

19. The CD of claim 18, wherein the controller is operable to generate the stimulation instructions responsive to the processed collected data.

20. The CD of claim 18, wherein the controller is operable to detect the malfunction according to a pattern in the collected data that identifies an abnormality in the brain of the living entity.

21. The CD of claim 20, wherein the controller is operable to detect the pattern according to a historical trend or variance in the collected data.

22. The CD of claim 18, wherein the controller is operable to process the collected data according to one of a wavelet transform, a neural network, and a least squares identification to detect the malfunction in the brain of the living entity.

23. The CD of claim 14, wherein the stimulation instructions correspond to a stimulation profile that reduces the effects of the malfunction.

24. The CD of claim 23, wherein the controller is operable to adapt the stimulation profile according to a historical trend.

25. The CD of claim 14, wherein the controller is operable to transmit wireless signals directed to a medical facility, wherein the wireless signals include the collected data received from the NSSD, and wherein the medical facility analyzes the collected data.

26. The CD of claim 25, wherein the controller is operable to receive wireless signals from the medical facility providing instructions for managing the NSSD according to the analyzed collected data.

27. The CD of claim 26, wherein the wireless signals exchanged between the CD and the medical facility operate according to a cellular wireless access technology corresponding to one of GSM, CDMA, UMTS, and WiMAX access technologies.

28. The CD of claim 27, wherein the CD is housed in an accessory that is electromechanically coupled to the cellular telephone that conveys messages between the medical facility and the CD.

29. The CD of claim 27, wherein the CD is housed in an accessory that is wirelessly coupled to a cellular telephone that conveys messages between the medical facility and the CD, wherein the wireless coupling between the CD and the cellular telephone operates according to a Bluetooth or WiFi access technology.

30. The CD of claim 27, wherein the CD is an integral part of a cellular telephone that conveys messages between the medical facility and the CD.

31. The CD of claim 14, wherein the controller is operable to utilize prior historical sensing data collected from the NSSD in the ANN analysis.

32. The CD of claim 14, wherein the ANN is a LAMSTAR ANN.

33. The CD of claim 14, wherein the stimulation instructions comprise stimulus parameters comprising at least one of a timing profile, an amplitude profile, a frequency profile, a pulse-width profile, and a pulse-shape profile for applying the one or more electrical signals.

34. The CD of claim 14, wherein the CD wirelessly communicates with the NSSD utilizing a wireless access protocol corresponding to at least one of a secure communication channel between the CD and the NSSD, a noise suppression filter to suppress noise in the communication channel, and a self-adaptive noise filter to adapt to noise in the communication channel.

35. The CD of claim 14, further comprising a stimulation generator coupled to the conductive lead for applying signals to a portion of the brain, a neural sensor coupled to the conductive lead for sensing electrical activity in the portion of the brain, and a power supply to supply energy to the stimulation generator, the sensor, and the controller, and wherein the stimulation generator applies signals to the portion of the brain according to a stochastic sequence generated by a random signal generator, wherein the power supply is battery operated, and wherein the battery-operated power supply comprises a trickle charger which charges one or more batteries by extracting energy from at least one of wireless signals, body heat, kinetic motion, inductive coupling, and light.