Crosslinking compounds at negative pressures and materials made by such methods
First Claim
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1. A method of covalently crosslinking a first substrate with a second substrate comprising combining a matrix coated with the first and second substrates and a crosslinking agent capable of forming a covalent bond with the first and second substrates within a vacuum chamber, wherein the crosslinking agent is suspended within the vacuum chamber at a temperature and pressure selected so that:
- crosslinking agent that contacts and forms a covalent bond with the first and/or second substrate adheres to the first and/or second substrate via the covalent bond; and
crosslinking agent that contacts but does not form a covalent bond with the first and/or second substrate evaporates off of the first or second substrate or the matrix into the vacuum chamber;
wherein the matrix coated with the first and second substrates, and the crosslinking agent are combined in the vacuum chamber under conditions such that;
the pressure is between 10 and 100 Torr; and
the crosslinking agent is exposed to the first and/or second substrate for between 5 and 120 minutes;
so that the first and second substrates are covalently crosslinked.
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Abstract
Embodiments of the invention provide methods of crosslinking various compounds and materials made by these methods. Materials made by embodiments of the invention include glucose sensors used in the management of diabetes.
20 Citations
18 Claims
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1. A method of covalently crosslinking a first substrate with a second substrate comprising combining a matrix coated with the first and second substrates and a crosslinking agent capable of forming a covalent bond with the first and second substrates within a vacuum chamber, wherein the crosslinking agent is suspended within the vacuum chamber at a temperature and pressure selected so that:
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crosslinking agent that contacts and forms a covalent bond with the first and/or second substrate adheres to the first and/or second substrate via the covalent bond; and crosslinking agent that contacts but does not form a covalent bond with the first and/or second substrate evaporates off of the first or second substrate or the matrix into the vacuum chamber; wherein the matrix coated with the first and second substrates, and the crosslinking agent are combined in the vacuum chamber under conditions such that; the pressure is between 10 and 100 Torr; and the crosslinking agent is exposed to the first and/or second substrate for between 5 and 120 minutes; so that the first and second substrates are covalently crosslinked. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11)
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12. A method of making an analyte sensor apparatus comprising the steps of:
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providing a base layer; forming a conductive layer on the base layer, wherein the conductive layer includes a working electrode; forming an analyte sensing layer on the conductive layer, wherein the analyte sensing layer comprises a carrier polypeptide and a oxidoreductase polypeptide; combining the analyte sensing layer and a crosslinking agent capable of forming a covalent bond with the carrier polypeptide and/or the oxidoreductase polypeptide within a vacuum chamber, wherein the crosslinking agent is suspended within the vacuum chamber at a temperature and pressure selected so that; crosslinking agent that contacts and forms a covalent bond with the carrier polypeptide and/or the oxidoreductase polypeptide adheres to the carrier polypeptide and/or the oxidoreductase polypeptide via the covalent bond; and crosslinking agent that contacts but does not form a covalent bond with the carrier polypeptide and/or the oxidoreductase polypeptide evaporates off of the analyte sensing layer into the chamber; wherein the carrier polypeptide, the oxidoreductase polypeptide and the crosslinking agent are combined in the vacuum chamber under conditions such that; the pressure is between 10 and 100 Torr; and the crosslinking agent is exposed to the first and/or second substrate for between 1 and 100 minutes; so that the carrier polypeptide and/or the oxidoreductase polypeptide are covalently crosslinked; forming an adhesion promoting layer on the crosslinked analyte sensing layer; forming an analyte modulating layer on the adhesion promoting layer, wherein the analyte modulating layer includes a composition that modulates the diffusion of the analyte therethrough; and forming a cover layer on at least a portion of the analyte modulating layer, wherein the cover layer further includes an aperture over at least a portion of the analyte modulating layer, so that an analyte sensor apparatus is made. - View Dependent Claims (13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18)
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Specification