Light emitting, photovoltaic or other electronic apparatus and system
First Claim
1. An apparatus, comprising:
- a base comprising a plurality of spaced-apart channels;
a plurality of first conductors coupled to the base, each first conductor in a corresponding channel of the plurality of spaced-apart channels;
a plurality of substantially spherical diodes coupled to the plurality of first conductors, wherein about fifteen percent to fifty-five percent of a surface of each diode of substantially all of the plurality of substantially spherical diodes has a penetration layer or region having a first majority carrier or dopant and the remaining diode substrate has a second majority carrier or dopant;
a plurality of second conductors coupled to the plurality of substantially spherical diodes; and
a plurality of lenses having at least a first index of refraction, the plurality of lenses suspended in a first polymer having at least a second, different index of refraction.
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Accused Products
Abstract
The present invention provides an electronic apparatus, such as a lighting device comprised of light emitting diodes (LEDs) or a power generating apparatus comprising photovoltaic diodes, which may be created through a printing process, using a semiconductor or other substrate particle ink or suspension and using a lens particle ink or suspension. An exemplary apparatus comprises a base; at least one first conductor; a plurality of substantially spherical or optically resonant diodes coupled to the at least one first conductor; at least one second conductor coupled to the plurality of diodes; and a plurality of substantially spherical lenses suspended in a polymer attached or deposited over the diodes. The lenses and the suspending polymer have different indices of refraction. In some embodiments, the lenses and diodes have a ratio of mean diameters or lengths between about 10:1 and 2:1. The diodes may be LEDs or photovoltaic diodes, and in some embodiments, have a junction formed at least partially as a hemispherical shell or cap.
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Citations
85 Claims
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1. An apparatus, comprising:
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a base comprising a plurality of spaced-apart channels; a plurality of first conductors coupled to the base, each first conductor in a corresponding channel of the plurality of spaced-apart channels; a plurality of substantially spherical diodes coupled to the plurality of first conductors, wherein about fifteen percent to fifty-five percent of a surface of each diode of substantially all of the plurality of substantially spherical diodes has a penetration layer or region having a first majority carrier or dopant and the remaining diode substrate has a second majority carrier or dopant; a plurality of second conductors coupled to the plurality of substantially spherical diodes; and a plurality of lenses having at least a first index of refraction, the plurality of lenses suspended in a first polymer having at least a second, different index of refraction. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39)
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40. An apparatus, comprising:
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a base; at least one first conductor coupled to the base; a plurality of substantially spherical diodes coupled to the at least one first conductor, wherein about fifteen percent to fifty-five percent of a surface of each diode of substantially all of the plurality of substantially spherical diodes has a penetration layer or region having a first majority carrier or dopant and the remaining diode substrate has a second majority carrier or dopant; at least one second conductor coupled to the plurality of substantially spherical diodes; and a plurality of lenses suspended in a first polymer and coupled to the plurality of substantially spherical diodes. - View Dependent Claims (41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62)
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63. An apparatus, comprising:
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a base having a substantially flat overall form factor with or without surface features and having a thickness of less than about two millimeters; at least one first conductor coupled to the base; a plurality of substantially optically resonant diodes coupled to the at least one first conductor; at least one second conductor coupled to the plurality of substantially optically resonant diodes; and a plurality of lenses suspended in a first polymer and coupled to the plurality of substantially optically resonant diodes, the plurality of lenses having at least a first index of refraction and the first polymer having at least a second, different index of refraction. - View Dependent Claims (64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83)
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84. A system, comprising:
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an interface for insertion into a standardized lighting socket; a base; at least one first conductor coupled to the base; a plurality of substantially spherical diodes coupled to the at least one first conductor, the plurality of substantially spherical diodes having a mean diameter greater than about twenty (20) microns and less than about forty (40) microns; at least one insulator coupled to the plurality of substantially spherical diodes; at least one second conductor coupled to the plurality of substantially spherical diodes; and a plurality of substantially spherical lenses suspended in a polymer and coupled to the plurality of substantially spherical diodes, the plurality of substantially spherical lenses having at least a first index of refraction and the polymer having at least a second, different index of refraction, wherein a ratio of a mean diameter of the plurality of substantially spherical lenses to the mean diameter of the plurality of substantially spherical diodes is between about ten to one (10;
1) and two to one (2;
1).
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85. An apparatus, comprising:
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a base having a plurality of spaced-apart channels, each channel of the plurality of spaced-apart channels comprising a plurality of integrally formed projections; a conductive backplane coupled to or integrally formed with the base; a plurality of conductive vias within the base and coupled to the conductive backplane; at least one first conductor coupled to the plurality of conductive vias and to the integrally formed projections; a plurality of substantially spherical diodes coupled to the at least one first conductor, about fifteen percent to fifty-five percent of a surface of each diode of substantially all of the plurality of substantially spherical diodes has a penetration layer or region having a first majority carrier or dopant and the remaining diode substrate has a second majority carrier or dopant; at least one second conductor coupled to the plurality of substantially spherical diodes; and a plurality of substantially spherical lenses suspended in a polymer and coupled to the plurality of substantially spherical diodes.
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Specification