Evaporators including a capillary wick and a plurality of vapor grooves and two-phase heat transfer systems including such evaporators

• US 8,397,798 B2
• Filed: 06/28/2005
• Issued: 03/19/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 05/16/2000
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation (Northrop Grumman Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Alliant Techsystems Incorporated (Northrop Grumman Corporation)
• Inventors: Kroliczek, Edward J., Wrenn, Kimberly R., Wolf, David A. Sr.
• Primary Examiner(s): FORD, JOHN K
• Application Number:
  US11/167,759
• Publication Number:
  US 20050252643A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,821 Days
• Field of Search: 165/104.33, 165/104.21, 165/80.4, 165/104.26, 165/104.14, 165/104.25, 165/905, 165/907, 361/697, 361/700, 257/714, 257/716, 257/715, 174/15.2, 122/366
• US Class Current: 165/104.26
• CPC Class Codes: F28D 15/0233 the conduits having a particular shape, e.g. non-circular cross-section, annular F28D15/0241, F28D15/0266 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F28D 15/04 with tubes having a capillary structure
• CPC Class Codes: F28D 15/043 forming loops, e.g. capillary pumped loops
• CPC Class Codes: F28D 15/046 characterised by the material or the construction of the capillary structure
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49353 Heat pipe device making

Abstract

A two-phase heat transfer system includes an evaporator, a condenser, a vapor line, and a liquid return line. The evaporator includes a liquid inlet, a vapor outlet, and a capillary wick having a first surface adjacent the liquid inlet and a second surface adjacent the vapor outlet. The condenser includes a vapor inlet and a liquid outlet. The vapor line provides fluid communication between the vapor outlet and the vapor inlet. The liquid return line provides fluid communication between the liquid outlet and the liquid inlet. The wick is substantially free of back-conduction of energy from the second surface to the first surface due to an increase in a conduction path from the second surface to the first surface and due to suppression of nucleation of a working fluid from the second surface to the first surface to promote liquid superheat tolerance in the wick.

Claims

1. A two-phase heat transfer system comprising:

an evaporator comprising;

a housing having a liquid inlet and a vapor outlet;

a cylindrical capillary wick inside the housing separating the liquid inlet and the vapor outlet, the capillary wick comprising a planar face; and

a plurality of vapor grooves extending along an exterior portion of the capillary wick and located at an interface between the capillary wick and a wall of the housing, the plurality of vapor grooves each extending lengthwise along a majority of the cylindrical capillary wick in a direction along an axis of the cylindrical capillary wick and perpendicular to the planar face of the capillary wick; and

wherein the planar face of the capillary wick is sized to entirely fill a portion of the housing adjacent the liquid inlet to require all of the fluid passing through the capillary wick from the liquid inlet to the plurality of vapor grooves to flow through the planar face; and

wherein each portion of the cylindrical capillary wick disposed between two adjacent vapor grooves of the plurality of vapor grooves comprises a plurality of lateral grooves extending circumferentially around the cylindrical capillary wick, each lateral groove of the plurality of lateral grooves being relatively smaller in size than each vapor groove of the plurality of vapor grooves;

a condenser having a vapor inlet and a liquid outlet;

a vapor line providing fluid communication between the vapor outlet and the vapor inlet; and

a liquid return line providing fluid communication between the liquid outlet and the liquid inlet.

2. The two-phase heat transfer system of claim 1, wherein the vapor grooves comprise grooves in an external surface of the capillary wick.

3. The two-phase heat transfer system of claim 2, wherein the pores of the capillary wick have a substantially uniform size.

4. The two-phase heat transfer system of claim 2, wherein the pores of the capillary wick have a graded size.

5. The two-phase heat transfer system of claim 1, wherein the capillary wick is comprised of a polymer resin.

6. The two-phase heat transfer system of claim 5, wherein the capillary wick is comprised of polytetrafluoroethylene.

7. The two-phase heat transfer system of claim 1, wherein the capillary wick is comprised of metal.